tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-73003631637674212882023-11-16T02:22:06.878-08:00澎惠湃恩brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-32756472521114902522022-12-09T19:11:00.014-08:002022-12-10T05:27:22.410-08:00基督論的錯解以及中國改革中的教會(改革宗教會) CHRISTOLOGICAL CONFUSION & CHINA'S REFORMING CHURCHES<p> </p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 16pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">基督論的錯解以及中國改革中的教會
(改革宗教會)</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-8da0bc61-7fff-9121-4e36-141c48357047"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">CHRISTOLOGICAL CONFUSION & CHINA'S REFORMING CHURCHES</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></p><div style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2015/08/christological-confusion-china.php">http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2015/08/christological-confusion-china.php</a></span></div><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2015-2016</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dr. Bruce Baugus</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-b2ca0177-7fff-1b83-c54d-b76e2e11ada3"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">作者現任清教徒改革宗神學院系統神學和護教學教授(Professor of Systematic Theology and Apologetics at Puritan Reformed Theological Seminary)。曾任改革宗神學院哲學及神學副教授(Associate Professor of Philosophy and Theology at Reformed Theological Seminary)。著作包括《改革宗道德神學的根源》(</span><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Roots of Reformed Moral Theology</span><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)(宗教改革遺產圖書,2022年)和《中國改革宗教會》(</span><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">China’s Reforming Churches: Mission, Polity, and Ministry in the Next Christendom</span><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)的編輯(宗教改革遺產圖書,2014年) </span></span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">中譯</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">博文一</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china.php">https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china.php</a></span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">引言</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Introduction </span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">錯解的基督論已經深深的紮根於中國欣欣向榮的改革宗群體這塊肥沃的土壤之中。目前,有些牧師和中國大陸的信徒相信基督的人性是非受造並永恒的。除此以外,有些人還相信這就是正統改革宗的基督論。雖然目前還不清楚這種觀點滲透的情況,這個爭議已經因著其支持者的聲望,在中國改革中的教會變的家喻戶曉。相較於東亞各種的回應而言,絕大部分的中國改革宗信徒,包括許多非常關係此君(譯註:即唐崇榮)之基督論的人士,都非常推崇他本人並他的職事。因著這個緣故,大多數人似乎願意完全忽視或接受這種怪異的觀點。</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Christological confusion has sunk a root into the rich soil of China's emerging Reformed community. At present, some pastors and others on the mainland believe Christ's human nature is uncreated and eternal. What is more, some believe this view represents orthodox Reformed Christology. Although it is unclear just how pervasive this view has become, the controversy is known throughout China's reforming churches due to the prominence of a current proponent. Soliciting varying responses across East Asia, the vast majority of China's Reformed believers, including many of those most concerned about this man's Christology, highly regard him and his ministry. For this reason, most appear to be willing to overlook or even accommodate this odd opinion.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">西方對於這個錯解在中國的規模,影響深度,並冥頑不化,基本上是一無所知的,然而脆弱的改革中的教會應當獲得世界改革宗群體更多的注意力—他們並不能獨善其身。耶穌基督的人性是被造的並有限的,就如同我們的人性一樣;不論在任何意義上,認為人性是非受造並永恒的觀點都是有問題的,並具有危及信仰的潛力。</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Largely unknown in the West, the scope, depth, and apparent persistence of this confusion in China's vibrant but tender Reforming churches deserves some attention from the global Reformed community--which is not isolated from these developments. The humanity of Jesus Christ is created and finite, just as ours; the view that his human nature is, in any actual sense, uncreated and eternal is problematic and potentially dangerous to the faith.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">此系列的預告</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Preview of Series</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; text-align: center; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; text-align: center; white-space: pre-wrap;">本博文是關於東亞當前混亂的基督論十二部分系列中的第一篇。在下一篇中,我將簡要描述中國新興改革宗群體中這種混亂的原因和背景。博文三和四將簡要介紹傳統、正統對聖經關於基督人性起源的教導的理解,這些教導編纂在普世信經(博文三)和改革宗標準(博文四)中。在第五至十一篇文章中,我將檢查了七個關於基督的人性的陳述(每個帖子一個),這些陳述導致了當前的混亂,然後在第十二篇博文結束這個系列。</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This post is the first in a twelve-part series on the current Christological confusion in East Asia. In the next post I briefly describe the cause and context of this confusion within China's emerging Reformed community. Posts 3 and 4 briefly present the traditional, orthodox understanding of the biblical teaching on the origin of Christ's human nature as codified in the ecumenical creeds (post 3) and Reformed standards (post 4). In posts 5-11 I inspect seven statements (one per post) about the human nature of Christ contributing to the current confusion, before concluding the series in post 12.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(博文一結束 Post 1 Ends)</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">博文二</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="color: black; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china-1.php">https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china-1.php</a></span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">現有錯解的背景與起因 </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Context & Cause of the Current Confusion</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">在今日全球基督教發展中最令人驚歎的現象是,許多在中國的牧師並信徒接受了改革宗神學並正在改革他們的信仰與實行。雖然某些人士否定這樣的宣告,但是在中國確實存在一個改革宗的群體(並不是單獨的個人或會眾),而不單單是網路群體罷了。這個群體的觸角往往纏繞於少數廣為人所知之牧師的職事。因著這個緣故,那些個人的職事往往在中國之外,在神學觀念上,卻對仍然相對隔絕的中國大陸改革宗基督徒中產生巨大的影響力。</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In one of the most fascinating developments in global Christianity today, many pastors and other believers in China are embracing Reformed theology and reforming their beliefs and practices. Though a few observers challenge the claim, a Reformed community in China (as opposed to isolated individuals and congregations) does exist, and not just online. The tendrils of this community often twine around the ministries of a relatively few widely recognized ministers. As such, these individuals, whose ministries are often based outside of China, exercise remarkable influence on theological opinion within the still relatively secluded world of Reformed Christianity on the mainland.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">多年以來,最起碼到2013年,一個具有此影響力與聲望的國際性布道團(譯註:相信即指“唐崇榮布道團”)不斷的在傳講某些對於基督人性非常令人困惑的觀點。他不斷的嘗試澄清並捍衛自己的論點。其中的一個嘗試乃是他在2012年錄製的三卷錄音,被他人抄錄並翻譯。雖然這三卷錄音並他在1991年出版的小冊子都是接下來要引用的資料來源,造成中國改革宗錯解的主要資料來源是他在講道、神學課程,以及特別是問答中口頭的表述。</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">For many years now, and at least as recently as 2013, one such influence with an international ministry and reputation has been saying some very confusing things about the human nature of Jesus Christ. [1] At times, he has attempted to clarify and defend his comments. One such attempt is found in a series of three recordings he made in 2012, which were subsequently transcribed and translated by others. Though these three recordings and a booklet he published in 1991 are the sources cited below, the primary source of the confusion in China's Reformed community has been his oral statements to the same effect in sermons, lectures, and especially question and answer sessions.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">雖然此君(譯註:唐崇榮)公開的講述是目前錯解的主要源頭,一位改革宗觀察者解釋到,「對於基督人性為非受造的信仰是中國基督教中與改革宗神學有關之領袖長久以來的傳統,包括賈玉銘(Jia Yuming)。」這個傳統看起來也被反映在《比利時信條》(the Belgic Confession)的中文翻譯之中。所有這一切原先就有的,對於這個觀點支持者的宣告可能使得他看見了一個根深柢固、非常古怪的東方基督論傳統—一個無法獲得支持而逐漸消亡的傳統。</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Though this man's public statements are the source of the current confusion, as one Reformed observer explains, "the belief that Christ's humanity is uncreated actually has had a longstanding tradition among Chinese Christian leaders associated with Reformed theology, including Jia Yuming." [2] This tradition appears to be reflected in the widely used Chinese translation of the Belgic Confession, which curiously drops the original's explicit affirmation that the human nature of Christ is created. [3] All of this predates the current proponent of this view, whose statements may represent what he sees as an established, albeit eccentric, Eastern Christological tradition--a tradition that seemed certain to fadeaway without his advocacy.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">小心謹慎的評論</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A Cautious Critique</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">教會中有些最為偉大的教父們,</span>有時候也會說出關於耶穌基督的怪異論點,後世視其為不明智,或就是錯誤的。以極力反對亞流派的亞他拿修為例,在嘗試表明他的對手胡謅希伯來書三2中關於耶穌的成為,或被造或被設立為大祭司的時候,他使用了以下的例子來描繪道成肉身</span><span style="font-family: "PingFang SC"; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">:</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Some of the church's greatest fathers have occasionally said some odd things about Jesus Christ, things later generations viewed as ill-advised or just plain wrong. Take Athanasius of </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">contra mundum </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">fame for his stand against ascendant Arians. Once, while trying to show how his adversaries mangled Hebrews 3:2 about Jesus' becoming or being made or appointed high priest, he drew this analogy of the incarnation:(</span><a href="https://biblia.com/bible/kjv1900/Heb%203.2" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">https://biblia.com/bible/kjv1900/Heb%203.2</span></a><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">救主在祂的來臨中所作的,就是這個亞倫根據律法所預表的。亞倫並沒有因為披上了大祭司的衣袍而有任何的改變,披上衣袍的他仍是一樣⋯同樣的,在主的身上,我們也當正確的領會,他並沒有因為取了肉身而變得不一樣;「成為(He became)」和「 被造(He was made)」不能被理解為好像道被造,而使道,作為萬有的塑造者,隨後因著披上了一個有起源並被造的肉身被造為大祭司,也以這個方式為我們獻上自己;有鑒於此,被稱作是被造的。</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">What the Savior did on His coming, this Aaron shadowed out according to the Law. As then Aaron was the same and did not change by putting on the high-priestly dress, but remaining the same was only robed, . . . in the same way it is possible in the Lord's instance also to understand aright, that He did not become other than Himself on taking the flesh, but, being the same as before, He was robed in it; and the expressions 'He became' and 'He was made,' must not be understood as if the Word, considered as the Word, were made, but that the Word, being Framer of all, afterwards was made High Priest, by putting on a body which was originate and made, and such as He can offer for us; wherefore He is said to be made. [4]</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">這樣的詮釋往往會引發針對亞他拿修令人不快的懷疑,懷疑他運用某種基督具有不完整人性的觀點—就是子取了一種不完全的,缺乏理性並意志之人性。即便亞他拿修並沒有混亂基督的人性,這個比喻並他其它的一些評語往往使得讀者不知所措,它看不清楚他的正統性。</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Comments like these continue to fuel sometimes uncharitable suspicions that Athanasius operated with a deficient view of Christ's humanity--that the Son assumed something less than a fully human nature complete with intellect and will. [5] Even if Athanasius was not confused about the humanity of Christ, this analogy and some of his other remarks confuse readers and obscure his orthodoxy as much as they disclose it.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">亞他拿修在別處肯定了神聖的道與完全人性,就是身體與魂的聯合。故此,我們不能根據此處怪異的比喻或別處的論述作出結論。不論上面的比喻是有益的,抑或是令人困惑的,相較於我們想要了解亞他拿修基督論的內涵而言,則是另一個問題。我們可以結論到,就是說,這個比喻非常令人困惑,或那個論點並不是非常的有幫助,而在同時完全無法捍衛關於基督人性的整個觀點。</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Elsewhere, Athanasius affirms the union of the divine Word with a fully human nature, body and soul. [6] So, we should not conclude too much from an odd analogy here or argument there. Whether the one above is helpful or confusing is a different question than any we might ask about Athanasius's Christology. We may conclude, that is, that this analogy is very confusing or that argument not at all helpful while taking no position on or even defending the source's overall view of Christ's humanity.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">類似的,接下來的批判著重於當下在中國欣欣向榮的改革宗群體中的基督論錯解之原因。直接的原因可以在某些公開的宣告中尋獲。我無法肯定那些宣告被正確的領會,亦或是牠們代表了這位弟兄的觀點;我只能結論到,他的宣告就是造成引起如此注意之錯解的原因。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Similarly, the following critique centers on the cause of the current Christological confusion within China's emerging Reformed community. The immediate cause is found in certain public statements. I take no position on whether these statements are being understood correctly or if they accurately represent this brother's views; I only conclude that his statements are the cause of some confusion that deserves at least this much attention.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(博文二結束) (Post 2 Ends)</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Notes:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1. For several good reasons I need not explain here, I am not going to name the current source of this apparently confused and certainly confusing teaching. Those most likely tobenet from me doing so will already know who it is; those who do not know probably do not need to know.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2. Jia (1880-1964, formerly known as Chia Yu-ming) had strong ties to prewar Presbyterianmission work in China, teaching at both Nanjing Jinling Seminary and North China Theological Seminary. He gained an international reputation and became vice-chairman of the Committee of the Chinese Church Three-Self Patriotic Movement in 1954. BiographicalDictionary of Chinese Christianity, (http://www.bdcconline.net/en/stories/j/jia-yuming.php; accessed July 22, 2015)(http://www.bdcconline.net/en/stories/j/jia-yuming.php;) </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3. This edition of the Belgic Confession was translated by Charles Chao, published byReformation Translation Fellowship, and is now available online athttps://www.ccel.org/contrib/cn/creeds/belgic.html .(https://www.ccel.org/contrib/cn/creeds/belgic.html) </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">4. Athanasius, Against the Arians, 2.8.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">5. See, for example, Christopher Beeley, The Unity of Christ: Continuity and Confllict in Patristic Tradition (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012), 165. Beeley's harsh interpretationof Athanasius includes accusations that he invented the Arian controversy and died a bittercontroversialist defending his narrow Word-Flesh Christology.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">6. In Letter to Epictetus, 7, he writes this: "But truly our salvation . . . does not extend to the body only, but the whole man, body and soul alike, has truly obtained salvation in the Word Himself. That then which was born of Mary was according to the divine Scriptures human by nature."</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">博文三</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="color: black; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china-2.php">https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china-2.php</a></span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">問題</span><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Question </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">用該人士自己的話,問題的癥結乃是「究竟基督的人性並物質身體是被造的,抑或是在世界的創造前就已存在的。」正統的答案,也正是改革宗所堅持的答案,乃是道成肉身之子的人性,身體與魂都是有限並被造的,就如同我們的一樣,在透過聖靈的能力於馬利亞的腹中成孕的時候所披上的。透過這個成孕的過程,子成為完全的人而未曾喪失祂完整的神性。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In his own words, the question is "whether Christ's human nature and his physical body were created or pre-existent before the creation of the world." [1] The orthodox answer, which the Reformed tradition maintains, is that the human nature of the incarnate Son, body and soul, is finite and created just as ours and is assumed by him in the conception that occurs by the power of the Holy Spirit in Mary's womb. By the means of this conception the Son becomes fully human without ceasing to be fully divine. </span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">保羅寫給加拉太人說,「以至時後滿足,神就差出祂的兒子,由童女所生,且生在律法以下」(加四4)。明顯的,時後滿足乃是歷史中一個特定的時刻。在這個時刻之前,從歷史的角度而言,子不是人類;在這個時刻後,祂就成了人類。那個時刻標出道成肉身的獨特事件,子在那個時刻「成為人</span><span style="font-family: "PingFang SC"; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">」</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">並且不斷的被因著在童女腹中那個神秘的成孕的時刻被視為人。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">As Paul writes to the Galatians, "when the fullness of time had come, God sent forth his Son, born of woman, born under the law, to redeem those who were under the law" (Gal 4:4 ). Clearly, the fullness of time came at a particular historical moment. Prior to this moment, from an historical perspective, the Son was not human; after this moment he is. That moment marks the unique event of the incarnation when the Son "became man" and has consistently been identified as the moment of the mysterious conception in the virgin's womb.(</span><a href="https://biblia.com/bible/kjv1900/Gal%204.4" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">https://biblia.com/bible/kjv1900/Gal%204.4</span></a><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">基督的人性不能以抽象的方式並獨立於那個在道成肉身中所成為的那個人之外。相反的, 所取並擁有的人性就是那個所是的那個人的人性,身體與魂,在馬利亞的腹中成孕,生於伯利恒,被釘十字架,復活並升天。子如今與我們同質(consubstantial)因為在一個獨特的歷史時刻中成為那個拿撒勒的耶穌。雖然我們能夠以合適的方式抽象地論述的人性,但是說子在耶穌基督裡道成肉身之前就已有分於我們的性質是毫不合理的。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Christ's humanity does not exist abstracted from and independent of the particular man he became in the incarnation. On the contrary, the human nature he assumes and possesses today just is the humanity of the particular human being he is, body and soul, as conceived in Mary's womb, born in Bethlehem, crucified, raised again, and ascended. The Son is now consubstantial with us because he became a particular man, Jesus of Nazareth, at a unique historical moment. While it is appropriate to speak of human nature abstractly, there is no actual sense in which the Son shared our nature prior to becoming incarnate in Jesus Christ.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">大公會議信經</span><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ecumenical Creeds</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">這就是教會在她的普世性信仰宣告中所承認的。尼西亞信經宣告道的神格「從天而來,並藉由聖靈,透過童女馬利亞成為肉身,並成為人」,不曾成為其他的事物。不僅僅在道成肉身中取了一個物質的身體,而是真正成為一個完全的人卻又同時是完全的神。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This is what the church affirms in her ecumenical confessions. The Nicene Creed states that the divine person of the Word "came down from heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Spirit of the virgin Mary, and was made man," something he otherwise was not. He did not merely assume a physical body in the incarnation but actually became fully human without ceasing to be fully divine.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">同樣的,迦克頓肯定耶穌基督乃是,</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Likewise, Chalcedon asserts that Jesus Christ is,</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">祂真是神,也真是人,具有理性的靈魂,也具有身體。按神性說,與聖父同一實質(substance);按人性說,與我們同一實質;在凡事上與我們一樣,只是沒有罪。按神性說,在萬世之先,為聖父所生;按人性說,為了我們</span><span style="font-family: "PingFang SC"; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">⼈</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">,為了拯救我們,由神之母童女馬利亞所生。是同一基督,是聖子,是主,是獨生的,具有二性;不相混亂,不相交換,不能分開,不能離散。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Truly God and truly man, of a reasonable soul and body; consubstantial with the Father according to the Godhead, and consubstantial with us according to the manhood; in all things like unto us, without sin; begotten before all ages of the Father according to the Godhead, and in these latter days, for us and for our salvation, born of the Virgin Mary, the Mother of God, according to the Manhood; one and the same Christ, Son, Lord, only begotten, to be acknowledged in two natures, inconfusedly, unchangeably, indivisibly, inseparably.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">「在這末後的日子」道成肉身使得根據其神性仍然「與父同質」(consubstantial with the Father)的子,照著祂的人性也「與我們同質」(consubstantial with us)。雖然沒有一個說法特別的否認祂的人性先存於祂的成為肉身,但是也沒有任何說法容許那樣的觀點。在任何實際的意義上肯定祂在成為肉身前擁有人性似乎就是否定正統教義對於道成肉身本身的理解,就是神聖的子在時間的某一點中取了一個完整的人性—身體與魂。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The incarnation "in these latter days" made the Son, who remains "consubstantial with the Father" according to his divine nature, also "consubstantial with us" according to his human nature. Although neither symbol explicitly denies his human nature pre-existed the moment he became incarnate, neither one seems to permit such a view. To assert he possessed a human nature in any actual sense prior to becoming incarnate would appear to deny the orthodox understanding of the incarnation itself, that the divine Son assumed a fully human nature, body and soul, at a specific point in time.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">我們在下一篇博文中將會看見大公教會的信經對於改革宗信仰標準產生之獨一無二的影響。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">As we shall see in the next post, what appears to be the case in the ecumenical creeds is made explicit in the Reformed standards.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(博</span><span style="font-family: "PingFang SC"; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">⽂</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">三結束)</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Notes:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1. All quotes of the author are from reliable translations of Chinese originals, consisting of both published literature and transcriptions of sound recordings of the source of these remarks. I am gratefully indebted to three individuals who translated and edited the English transcripts I cite, with only incidental modifications, in this essay. As mentioned before, I have decided not to identify the speaker by name in this series.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">博文四</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china-3.php">https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china-3.php</a></span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">改革宗對於基督</span><span style="font-family: "PingFang SC"; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">⼈</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">性的標準</span><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reformed Standards on the Human Nature of Christ</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">改革宗承認同樣的正統基督論。例如,在此摘錄了《威敏斯特大教理問答》的第36與37題∶</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Reformed confess the same orthodox Christology. Here, for example, are Q&As 36 and37 of the </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Westminster Larger Catechism</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">:</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">問36.誰是恩典之約的中保?</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q. 36. Who is the Mediator of the covenant of grace?</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">答.恩典之約唯一的中保是主耶穌基督,作為神永遠的兒子,與父同一性質並同等,在時期滿足的時候成為人,在兩個完全不同的性質並一個位格中,曾是並一直是神與人直到永遠。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A. The only Mediator of the covenant of grace is the Lord Jesus Christ, who, being the eternal Son of God, of one substance and equal with the Father, in the fullness of time became man, and so was and continues to be God and man, in two entire distinct natures, and one person, forever.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">問.37.</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">基督作為神的兒子,如何成為人?</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q. 37. How did Christ, being the Son of God, become man?</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">答.基督乃是藉由親自取了一個真實的身體並一個理性魂而成為人,透過聖靈的大能在童女馬利亞的腹中成孕,並從她並她的性質而生,卻沒有罪。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A. Christ the Son of God became man, by taking to himself a true body, and a reasonable soul, being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost in the womb of the virgin Mary, of her substance, and born of her, yet without sin.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">針對重浸派認為基督的肉身雖然是肉身,卻又是源於天上的錯誤所撰寫的《比利時信條》,這信條更為肯定的論及基督人性的來源∶</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Belgic Confession, written while the Anabaptist error of the supposed heavenly origin of Christ’s flesh was still fresh, is even more assertive on the origin of Christ's humanity:</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">第18條∶論耶穌基督的道成肉身</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Article 18: Of the Incarnation of Jesus Christ</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">故此,我們承認,就是神。。。在指定的時後被差遣進入世界,自己獨一並永遠的兒子為自己取了一個奴僕的形狀並成為像人一樣,真正的取了一個人形,並其軟弱,除了罪一位,藉由聖靈的能力在有福的童女馬利亞腹中成孕,而不是透過人類的方式; 不僅僅只是取了人性作為的身體,也取了真是的人類魂,使得成為一個真正的人。因為魂與身體一同喪失,所以也必須同時取得兩者來拯救兩者。故此,我們承認。。。基督成為祂兒女血肉之體的有分者,並在凡事上成為與祂的弟兄一樣,只是沒有罪,好叫能夠根據真理成為我們的以馬內利,就是所謂神與我們同在。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We confess, therefore, that God . . . sent into the world, at the time appointed by him, his own only-begotten and eternal Son, who took upon him the form of a servant, and became like unto man, really assuming the true human nature, with all its infirmities, sin excepted, being conceived in the womb of the blessed Virgin Mary, by the power of the Holy Spirit, without the means of man; and did not only assume human nature as to the body, but also a true human soul, that he might be a real man. For since the soul was lost as well as the body, it was necessary that he should take both upon him, to save both. Therefore we confess . . . that Christ is become a partaker of the flesh and blood of the children . . . and became like unto his brethren in all things, sin excepted, so that in truth he is our Immanuel, that is to say, God with us.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">第19條∶論在基督位格中二性的聯合與不同</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Article 19: Of the Union and Distinction of the Two Natures in the Person of Christ</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">我們相信根據這個觀念,子的位格以一種不可分割的方式與人性聯合並聯接;以至於沒有兩個神的兒子,也沒有兩個位格,而是兩性在一個位格中聯合:然而,每一個心智仍然保留其獨特的特性。就如同神性永遠是非受造的,無起始也無結束,充滿天地;同樣的,人性也沒有失去其特質,而繼續是一個被造之物,有起始,並是一個有限的性質,保留了一個真正身體所有的特質。雖然祂透過復活將不朽賜予這個身體,然而祂卻沒有改變祂人性的真實性;就好像我們的救贖與復活也都必須依賴於祂身體的真實性一樣。然而這兩性是那麽緊密的在一個位格中聯合,以至於牠們也不能被祂的死分開。故此,當祂死的時候,交托在父的手中乃是一個真實的人類靈,與其身體分開。然而,在同時,神性總是與人性聯合,即便當祂躺臥在墳墓之中。神格從未從 裡面消失,就如同當祂是個嬰孩的時候就擁有神格一樣,雖然神格在一段時間中並沒有明確的顯明自己。故此,我們承認,就是真神,也是真人:真神,乃是因為祂勝過死的大能;真人,乃是因為祂可以根據肉身的軟弱為我們死。</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We believe that by this conception, the person of the Son is inseparably united and connected with the human nature; so that there are not two Sons of God, nor two persons, but two natures united in one single person: yet, that each nature retains its own distinct properties. As then the divine nature has always remained uncreated, without beginning of days or end of life, filling heaven and earth: so also has the human nature not lost its properties, but remained a creature, having beginning of days, being a finite nature, and retaining all the properties of a real body. And though he has by his resurrection given immortality to the same, nevertheless he has not changed the reality of his human nature; forasmuch as our salvation and resurrection also depend on the reality of his body. But these two natures are so closely united in one person, that they were not separated even by his death. Therefore that which he, when dying, commended into the hands of his Father, was a real human spirit, departing from his body. But in the meantime the divine nature always remained united with the human, even when he lay in the grave. And the Godhead did not cease to be in him, any more than it did when he was an infant, though it did not so clearly manifest itself for a while. Wherefore we confess, that he is very God, and very Man: very God by his power to conquer death; and very man that he might die for us according to the infirmity of his flesh.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">這些改革宗的信仰標準,特別是對於基督人性的起源的解釋,都完全呼應尼西亞信經與迦克墩信經。神聖的子「藉著為自己取了一個真實的身體並理性魂成為人」的人性乃是透過聖靈在馬利亞的腹中以一種超自然的方式成孕,並「從她的素質而生」。基督的人性與我們同質(consubstantial),雖然在馬利亞腹中成孕的時候以一種不可分割的方式在道的位格中與神性聯合,它「仍然是一個被造之物,又開始之日並有一個有限的性質」就如同在祂的神性中「全然是非受造的,沒有開始之日或生命的結束,並充滿天地一樣」。</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Echoes of Nicea and Chalcedon are clear in these Reformed standards and their elaborations on the origin of Christ’s humanity are explicit. The divine Son "became man, by taking to himself a true body, and a reasonable soul." His humanity originates with the supernatural conception by the Holy Spirit in Mary's womb and is "of her substance." Christ's human nature is consubstantial with us, and though at the time of the conception in Mary's womb it was inseparably united to the divine nature in the person of the Word, it "remained a creature, having beginning of days [and] being a finite nature" just as he "remained uncreated, without beginning of days or end of life, filling heaven and earth" in his divine nature.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">所以,改革宗的傳統毫無偏差地堅持,拿先斯的貴格利所一再重複的公式:「〔神的兒子〕是甚麼,祂仍繼續是甚麼;祂取得原非祂所是的並將它聯於祂自己。」(1)一個永恒的人性與子聯合的觀點並不是—最少不是—貴格利所要表達的意思。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">So, the Reformed standards maintain, without deviation, the much-repeated formula of Gregory of Nazianzus: "What [the Son of God] was he continued to be; what he was not he took to himself." [1] Views that posit an eternal human nature united with the Son do not—at least not the sense Gregory intended.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Notes:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[1] Orations, 29.19.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(博文四結束)</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">博文五</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china-4.php">https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china-4.php</a></span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">關於基督人性引起混亂的論點</span><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></b></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Confusing Claims About Christ's Humanity</b></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">讓我們轉向東亞的混亂局面,我們的弟兄(譯註:指唐崇榮)肯定「子來到世界成為一個人</span><span style="font-family: "PingFang SC"; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">」</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> 並「真正的成為人」。他解釋到,成為人乃是子獨特的(作為)「因為父與聖靈絕不可能進入世界成為肉身。」並且,「子成為人乃是源自於道,這個道成為了</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Logos ensarkos</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">,在肉身中的道(Word-in-flesh)」。(1)</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Turning to the confusion in East Asia, our brother affirms "the Son came into the world to be a human being" and "truly became human." Becoming human, he explains, is unique to the Son "since the Father and the Spirit never came into the world to be incarnate." Also, "the Son who became human was originally the Logos, and this Logos became </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Logos ensarkos</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> ,Word-in-Flesh."[1]</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">實在很難斷定成為人到底是甚麽,然而,因為他也「宣稱⋯首先,基督的人性並基督的身體是非受造的,其次,基督的人性乃是永存的。」(2)表面上看,這兩個宣告看起來與前面所引述之大公教會會議並改革宗的基督論中無法一致的(參考博文三及四)。為了捍衛這樣的論點,他承認牠們與「所謂古大公教會」和許多所謂偉大的改教者的觀點「完全相矛盾的(completely contradict)」。(3)然而,他建議「這個大爭議乃是術語與定義的問題」並宣稱「我的術語與其他人所使用的術語與定義不同。」(4)</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It is difficult to know just what becoming human amounts to, however, since he also "claims. . . first, that Christ's human nature and Christ's body are uncreated and, second, that Christ's human nature has existed from all eternity."[2] On the surface, these two assertions seem impossible to square with the Christology of the ecumenical and Reformed standards cited above (see parts 3 (http://www.reformation21.org/articles/an-orientation-to-chinasreforming-</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">churches-part-three.php) and 4 (</span><a href="http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2015/09/christological-confusion-china-3.php" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2015/09/christological-confusion-china-3.php</span></a><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)). In defending these statements, he admits they "completely contradict" views held by "the so-called ancient catholic church" and "many of the so-called great Reformers."[3] Yet, he also suggests "this great controversy is a matter of terminology and definitions" and claims "my terminology is different from the terminology and definitions that others use."[4]</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">第一個陳述∶基督的人性與原人性(Humanness)</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">First Statement: Human Nature & Humanness</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">用一種怪異的方式使用早已約定成俗的神學術語嘗試把事情搞得更為複雜。他(譯註:指唐崇榮)嘗試重新定義一個標準的中文詞匯-「人性」,例如,為的是要在一個更為廣義的範圍內區分人性並一種他用英文稱之為-man-ness(為了能夠清晰表達的緣故,我會將其稱之為「原人性,humanness」)的一種特殊的人性。(5)</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Idiosyncratic uses of long-established theological terms do tend to complicate matters. He attempts to redefine a standard Chinese term for </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">human nature </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(人性, rénxìng), for example, in order to distinguish between </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">human nature </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(or </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">humanity</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">) in some broad sense and a special sort of human nature he calls, in English, "man-ness" (and for clarity's sake I will call </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">humanness</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">).[5]</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">他解釋到,原人性(humanness)「與承襲自教義史和古教會傳統之人性(的觀念)不同」;它乃是「正式的起因(formal cause)」或「人性的起源(original form of human nature)」。(6)原人性(humanness)指的是人性的「原型(prototype)」,是非受造並永恒的,「在創造世界之前。。。就已經在神的裡面。」(7)他結論到,這個原始形式的人性就是神的形像,就是耶穌基督。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Humanness, he explains, "is different from the [concept of] human nature . . . inherited from the history of theology and from ancient church tradition;" it is the "formal cause" or "original form of human nature."[6] As such, </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">humanness </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">refers to the uncreated and eternal "prototype" of humanity that, "before the creation of the world, . . . was already within God."[7] This original form, he concludes, is the image of God who is Jesus Christ.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">另一面,人性(human nature)乃是各人根據在原型的樣式—在神的形像中—被創造而擁有的。在創造之前,他宣稱,「基督已經擁有一種原始並永恒的人性形式(即,原人性,humanness),在祂來到世界後,祂得到了一個有肉身的人性(an incarnate human nature),即人類的身體。」(8)接著,子在一種意義上乃是永遠的人;在另一種意義上,在道成肉身中,祂藉由取得一個物質的人類身體,看似(apparently)成為人。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Human nature, on the other hand, is what individual humans possess by being created in the likeness of the prototype--in the image of God. Prior to creation, he states, "Christ was already in possession of an original and eternal form of human nature [that is, humanness],and then after he came into the world, he came to possess an incarnate human nature, the nature of a human body."[8] The Son, then, who is eternally human in one sense(humanness), apparently became human in another sense in the incarnation by assuming a physical human body.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">這個混濁不清的說法聽起來就像俄列根式的柏拉圖對與道成肉身的看法,這將會是下一個博文的主題。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This vaguely sounds like Origen's broadly platonic view of the incarnation, which is the subject of the next post.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(博文五結束)</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Notes</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[1] First Recording.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[2] Second Recording.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[3] Second Recording.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[4] First Recording. He returns to this point to open the Third Recording.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[5] First Recording. Since he is obviously speaking about something that pertains to humanity, male and female, rendering his peculiar sense of ⼈性 (rénxìng) as </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">humanness</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">seems better.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[6] </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Original form </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">could also be translated as </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">formal cause</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. The speaker uses 因 (yīn), whichis often translated as </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">cause</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, but here has the sense of formal cause.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[7] Third Recording.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[8] Third Recording.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">博文六</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china-5.php">https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china-5.php</a></span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">第二個陳述:柏拉圖二元論</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Second Statement: Platonic Dualism</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">正如上篇博文末尾所指出(見第五部分),他(指:唐崇榮)在區別人性(human nature)和原人性(humanness)下對道成肉身的討論,聽起來有點像俄利根(Origen)(或以撒華茲)(Isaac Watts)。俄利根相信人類靈魂是先存的,並教導聖子的道成肉身分為兩個階段,第一階段是從創造之初,祂就與耶穌之未墮落的人性靈魂的聯合,第二階段是在馬利亞腹中與人性身體聯合。俄利根解釋說,聖子與人性靈魂的先前聯合(譯註:即第一階段)正是何以「在整本聖經中,不僅用人的言語來說到神性,而且也用神聖尊貴的稱謂來修飾人性。」[1] (</span><a href="http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2015/09/christological-confusion-china-4.php%EF%BC%89" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2015/09/christological-confusion-china-4.php)</span></a></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">As noted at the end of the previous post (see part 5 ), his discussion of the incarnation under the distinction between human nature and humanness vaguely sounds like Origen (or Isaac Watts). Origin believed in the pre-existence of human souls and taught a two-stage incarnation of the Son, the first consisting of his union with the un-fallen human soul of Jesus from the beginning of creation and the second a union with a human body in Mary's womb. The prior union of the Son with a human soul is why, he reasons, "throughout the whole of Scripture, not only is the divine nature spoken of in human words, but the human nature is adorned by appellations of divine dignity."[1] (</span><a href="http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2015/09/christological-confusion-china-4.php" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2015/09/christological-confusion-china-4.php</span></a><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">我們的講者(譯註:指唐崇榮)也提出了類似的主張,從聖經所見證道成肉身之前人性就有「尊貴和榮耀」而得出了同樣的結論。[2] 雖然他不贊同人性靈魂是先存的,但他將人性(humanness)視為人類的原始、先存的形式,後來體現在拿撒勒人耶穌身上,祂是所有受造之人的原型。這說法很接近俄利根的說法。傳統上,人性靈魂(anima)被認為是人性身體的形式(forma corporis)。大多數改革宗神學家對此採用了廣泛的亞里士多德式的解釋,其中形式(form)(在這種情況下指「靈魂」)只存在於所形成的特定事物(particular)(在這種情況下指「具有身體的人」)中。[3] 然而,像俄利根一樣,我們的講者(譯註:指唐崇榮)擁抱柏拉圖二元論的一種版本,其中形式獨立於形成的事物而真實地存在:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Our speaker makes similar claims, drawing the same conclusion about the biblical witness to humanity's "dignity and glory" prior to the incarnation.[2] Though he does not endorse the pre-existence of the human soul, his notion of humanness as the original, pre-existing form of the humanity later embodied in Jesus of Nazareth and prototype of all created humans comes close. Traditionally, the human soul (anima) is conceived as the form of the human body (forma corporis). Most Reformed theologians adopted a broadly Aristotelian interpretation of this, in which the form (soul, in this case) only properly exists in the particular thing formed (the embodied human).[3] Like Origen, however, our speaker embraces a version of Platonic dualism in which forms really exist independent of the thing formed:</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">「原人性」(</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Humanness </span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)是人內在的本質,是人作為人的本質。這個人類的本質從永恆就存在了,是神內在的東西,祂打算用它作為祂創造人類的基因。它是神的形象;它是基督的本體存有。[4]</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Humanness </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">is the essence within human beings, the essence by virtue of which human beings are human. This human essence has existed from all eternity, and is something within God's being that he intended to use as the gene for his creation of humankind. It is the image of God; it is the ontological being of Christ. [4]</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">換句話說,那原始、先存的原人性(humanness)形式不僅僅是神心中的一個想法,更是一個實際存在的事物,與俄利根不同,他(指唐崇榮)宣稱它(這原人性)是永恆的,並位於神的所是之中。在下一篇文章將討論這點對於理解在馬利亞腹中之道成肉身這獨特時刻的含義。</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In other words, the original, pre-existing form of humanity (humanness) is not just an idea in God's mind but an actually existing thing, which he, unlike Origen, declares eternal and locates within God's being. The implication of this for understanding the unique moment of the incarnation in Mary's womb is taken up in the next post. </span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Notes</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">: </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[1] Origen, </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">De Principiis</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, 2.6.3-5. See also Isaac Watts, "The Glory of Christ as God-man" in </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Works of the Rev. Isaac Watts</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, vol. 6 (Leeds: Edward Baines, 1813), pp. 484-670, and the discussion of this work in Charles Hodge, </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Systematic Theology</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, vol. 2 (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1968), pp. 423-28. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[2] First Recording </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[3] Ordinarily, form and matter are considered inseparable in this tradition. The separation of soul from body in death is a temporary, abnormal state. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[4] First Recording</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(博文六結束)</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">博文七</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china-6.php">https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china-6.php</a></span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">第三個陳述:道成肉身(只是?)取得一個身體</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Third Statement: Incarnation as the Assumption of a Body (Alone?)</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">儘管我們的弟兄(譯註:唐崇榮)看來是二元人觀,但他實際上沒有肯定兩個階段的道成肉身(或,原人性是祂的魂)。俄利根相信基督的人性靈魂是未墮落的、先存的,卻是受造的,在創造之初就為子所取得的。但我們的弟兄卻將基督的人性說成是非受造的和永恆的,不是取得的,而是「存在於神的所是之中」的某種東西。因此,在道成肉身前,基督已是人;而在那只有一個的道成肉身時刻,基督取得一個物質的人性身體。故此,在解釋「成肉身的道」(</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Logos ensarkos</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)之意義時,他這樣宣告:</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Despite his apparent anthropological dualism, our brother does not actually affirm a two-stage incarnation (or refer to humanness as his soul). Origen believed Christ's human soul was un-fallen and pre-existent but also created and assumed by the Son at the beginning of creation. But here, Christ's humanness is said to be uncreated and eternal, not something assumed but "something within God's being." So, there is only one incarnational moment, which involves the assumption of a physical human body by the one who is already human without the incarnation. Thus, in explaining the meaning of " </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Logos ensarkos</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, Word-in-flesh," he declares this:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; text-indent: 36pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p></span></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span><p style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; text-indent: 36pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">關於這個「肉身」,聖經有三個重要的說法:(1)「父為我預備了一個身體」;(2 )子自己取了奴僕的樣式,因而從馬利亞繼承了一個物質的身體;(3)童女因聖靈成孕生子,就是神來住我們中間—以馬內利。</span></p></span></div></blockquote><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">About this "flesh", the Bible has made three important statements: (1) "the Father has prepared a body for me"; (2) the Son Himself took the form of a slave, thus inheriting a physical body from Mary; (3) the Virgin conceived and gave birth by the Holy Spirit, so God came to dwell among us--Immanuel.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">他從這三點往前解釋為何他不願意稱基督的身體(或肉身)為受造的。我們將在第十部分探討這點。這裡的要點是他明顯地將道成肉身約化成取得一個人性物質的身體。用他的原話來說,「基督已經擁有了那原始和永恆的人形(即「原人性」),然後在祂來到世界之後,祂就擁有了一個有肉身的人性,即一個人性的身體。」[1]</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">He proceeds to explain from these three points why he is unwilling to call Christ’s body (or flesh) created, which we will return to in part 10. The point here is to observe the apparent reduction of the incarnation to just the assumption of a physical human body. Again, in his words, "Christ was already in possession of an original and eternal form of human nature, and then after he came into the world, he came to possess an incarnate human nature, the nature of a human body."[1]</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">這句話可以理解為,不只約化了道成肉身,而且將受造的人性(created human nature)約化為擁有人性的身體,或我們「憑藉擁有身體」所獲得的某些性質。然而,他否認這一點,而說「一個人之所以是人,是因為在他或她內在存在『人性』(在『原人性』意義上)」。[2] 如前所述(見第5部分),「『原人性』是人內在的本質,是人作為人的本質」。[3] 但是,根據他的說法,聖子從永恆就已經擁有了『原人性』,因此在這意義上基督已是人。因此,聖子並沒有在人性的意義上取得人性,也沒有在馬利亞的腹中受孕時成為完全的人,而只是獲得了「人性的身體」。</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This statement could be read as reducing not just the incarnation, but created human nature to possessing a human body or some property we acquire "by virtue of having a body." He denies this, however, and prefers to say "a human being is human because there is human nature [in the sense of humanness] within him or her."[2] As already observed (see part 5 ), "</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">humanness </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">is the essence within human beings, the essence by virtue of which human beings are human."[3] But, according to him, the Son already possessed this from eternity and thus was a human being in precisely this sense. So, the Son did not assume human nature in the sense of humanness or become fully human when conceived in Mary's womb, but acquired just "the nature of a human body."(http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2015/09/christological-confusion-china- 4.php) </span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">他通過堅持基督的人性是先存的,而阻止了使他這種觀點陷入「道--肉體」(Word-flesh)或亞波里拿留主義的基督論。雖然這些陳述表明這講者對子在道成肉身中所取得的觀點,很像亞波里拿留主義的觀點,但這講者堅持認為道成肉身的聖子「像我們一樣有[人類]身體,靈魂、情感、理性和意志」。[4] 目前尚不清楚他的人類靈魂是否與道成肉身之前的人性相同</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(asarkos</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">),或者只是顯現(</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ensarkos</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">),但原人性似乎是指基督人性的屬靈(智力和意志)方面,因此祂的人性包括身體和靈魂,包括阿波利納主義者所否認的智力方面。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">By insisting on the pre-existence of Christ's humanness, he arrests this view from collapsing into a Word-flesh or Apollinarian Christology. Although these statements suggest a broadly Apollinarian view of what the Son assumed in the incarnation, the speaker insists that the incarnate Son "has a [human] body, a soul, affection, reason, and a will just like us."[4] It is unclear whether his human soul is identical with his humanness prior to the incarnation(</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">asarkos</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">) or only as embodied (</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ensarkos</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">), but humanness seems to refer to the spiritual(intellectual and volitional) aspect of Christ's human nature, and thus his humanity includes both body and soul, including the intellectual aspect denied by Apollinarians.[5]</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">然而,避免了亞波里拿留主義不過是一點安慰而已。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Avoiding Apollinarianism, however, is little consolation.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(博文七結束)</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Notes:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[1] Third Recording. Also worth noting, the speaker identifies flesh with body and contrasts it to both the soul and what Jesus possessed prior to the incarnation.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[2] First Recording</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[3] First Recording</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[4] Second Recording</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[5] Hodge, </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Systematic Theology</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, pp. 421-23, interprets Emanuel Swedenborg's extensive but scattered comments on the incarnation as positing an eternal humanness in God that becomes materially manifest in time by the God's assumption of a physical body. Hodge is followed by Donald G. Bloesch, </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Jesus Christ: Savior & Lord </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(Downers Grove: InterVarsityPress, 1997), p. 137.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">博文八</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china-7.php">https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china-7.php</a></span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">第四個陳述:被重塑之神的形象 </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Fourth Statement: The Recast Image of God </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">通過基督永恆人性的概念(見第5部分),神的形象不再只是關於人類原初按照神的樣式被創造的方式,現在也關於人類的原始形式(「原人性」)如何永遠地先存在於「神的所是之中」。他(譯註:唐崇榮)的辯解是「神的形象是基督,因此基督在永恆中就是人性的原始形式」。[1] 他將「神的形象」顛倒過來,從「原人性是基督的本質......基督是神的形象」推論到「這個形象包含著人性的原始形式。」他提出「也許,這(原人性)可以被稱為神在基督裡未知的人性」。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Recast by the concept of Christ's eternal humanness (see part 5 ), the image of God is no longer just about the way humans were originally created in God's likeness but now also about how humanity's original form eternally exists "within God's being." He reasons that "the image of God is Christ and therefore Christ in eternity is the original form of human nature."[1] Turning the </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">imago Dei </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">on its head, he proceeds from the claim that "humanness is the essence of Christ and . . . Christ is the image of God" to the (</span><a href="http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2015/09/christological-confusion-china-4.php" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2015/09/christological-confusion-china-4.php</span></a><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">) </span><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">conclusion that "this image contains within it the original form of the essence of human nature. Perhaps," he proposes, "this could be called the 'Unknown humanity of God in Christ'." [2]</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">正統改革宗神學家有時說基督是神本質的形像(</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">imago essentialis</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">),因為作為子,祂與父是本質相同。然而,當他們這樣說時,他們小心翼翼地將這種神聖形像的意義與人類按照神的形像(</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">imago accidentalis</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)創造的意義區分開來,並否認人類擁有神本質的形像。[3] </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Orthodox Reformed theologians sometimes speak of Christ as the essential image of God (</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">imago essentialis</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">) in the sense that, as the Son, he is co-essential with the Father. When they do, however, they carefully distinguish this sense of the divine image from the sense in which humans are created in God's image (</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">imago accidentalis</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">), and deny that humans possess the essential image of God.[3] </span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">耶穌基督作為道成肉身的兒子,在某種意義上使看不見的神成為可見的。因此,祂是「看不見之神的像」(西一15)和「神本性的印象」(來一3),超越了任何的人。只有道成肉身的子才具有本質的形像,它(這本質的形像)不能再被傳遞、丟失或損壞,就像祂永遠是三位一體的第二位格一樣。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">As the incarnate Son, Jesus Christ in some sense makes the invisible God visible. Hence he is "the image of the invisible God" (Col 1:15 ) and "the exact imprint of his nature" (Heb 1:3 ) in away that surpasses anything that could be said of mere humans. Only the incarnate Son bears the essential image and it cannot be transmitted, lost, or damaged anymore than he could be duplicated or fail to be the second person of the Trinity. (https://biblia.com/bible/kjv1900/Col%201.15) (</span><a href="https://biblia.com/bible/kjv1900/Heb%201.3" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">https://biblia.com/bible/kjv1900/Heb%201.3</span></a><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">然而,在人裡面之神的形像,是最初在創造時賜給亞當的自然禮物。它從亞當已經傳給了整個族類,並且在墮落時受到嚴重破壞了並部分失落了。這種破壞是指著神聖形象的內在方面說的,就是人類如何像神一樣,具有心思、意志和情感的靈魂。雖然人裡面之神的形像受損,但這些能力在墮落中保存下來。從這個意義上說,人類仍繼續擁有神聖的形像。神聖形像的外在方面,即亞當和夏娃,也像神一樣,原初是公義的、聖潔的和純潔的,在墮落時失去了。 </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The image of God in mere humans, however, is a natural gift originally given to Adam at creation. From him, it has been passed on to the whole race and, in the fall, was also severely damaged and partly lost. The damage was done to the intrinsic aspect of the divine image, which is how humans are, like God, spiritual beings with intellect, will, and affections. Though damaged, these faculties survive the fall and in this sense humans continue to bear the divine image. The extrinsic aspect of the divine image, which is how Adam and Eve, also like God, were originally righteous, holy, and pure, was lost in the fall. </span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">混淆子的本質形像和神賦予人類的形像,就是混淆了神性和人性。我們的講者(指唐崇榮)意識到了危險:</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">To confuse the Son's essential image with the image of God given humanity is to confuse the divine and human natures. Our speaker is aware of the danger:</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">在這裡,我無意混淆基督的人性和神性。我的意思是,基督的人性[或原人性],即創造人性的原始形式,就在祂裡面。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Here, I do not intend to confuse Christ's human and divine natures. What I mean is that Christ's human nature [or humanness], which is the original form by which human nature is created, is within him.[4]</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">然而,以上關於神形像的陳述,沒有堅持神在基督裡作為神聖兒子的本質形象和作為禮物賜給人類的神聖形像,兩者之間保持任何區別。因此,它們無法防止神性和人性之間的這種混淆。相反,藉著追溯人裡面之神的形像(</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">imago Dei</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">),透過「基督的本體所是」到「神的所是」,這種(神性與人性的)混亂似乎是不可避免的。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The statements on the image of God above, however, fail to maintain any distinction between the essential image of God in Christ as the divine Son and the divine image given to humanity as a gift. Consequently, they fail to prevent this kind of confusion between the divine and human natures. On the contrary, by tracing the </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">imago Dei </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">in humans back through "the ontological being of Christ" to "God's being," this sort of confusion seems unavoidable.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(博文八結束)</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Notes</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">: </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[1] First Recording </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[2] Second Recording. The phrase "Unknown humanity of God in Christ" is originally given in English by the speaker and thus not translated, and for that reason offset here in quotation marks </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[3] This sense of the </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">imago essentialis </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">should not be confused with, for example, G. C. Berkouwer's use of that term in </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Man the Image of God: Studies in Dogmatics </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1962), pp. 38-41, to refer to the constitutive aspect of the image of God inhumanity. Note also that Lutheran theologians draw a similar distinction between the substantial image of God (</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">imago substantialis</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">) uniquely in Christ as the divine Son and the accidental image (</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">imago accidentalis</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">) originally in Adam. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[4] Second Recording</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">博文九</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china-8.php">https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china-8.php</a></span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">第五種陳述:單純的功能相似 </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Fifth Statement: Merely Functional Likeness </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">諷刺的是,對神的形像持單一的觀點(譯註:即把神賦予人類的形像等同為子的本質形像)(見第8部分(http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2016/01/christological-confusion-china-7.php))導致我們的講者(指唐崇榮)堅持認為基督的人性「與被造的我們有根本上的不同」。[1] 這是偏離了迦克墩傳統所承認道成肉身的兒子「按照人說,與我們同質,[並且]在凡事上與我們一樣,只是沒有罪」(見第3部分(http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2015/09/christological-confusion-china-2.php)。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ironically, holding a univocal view of God's image (see part 8 (http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2016/01/christological-confusion-china-7.php)) leads our speaker to insist that Christ's human nature "is fundamentally different from us who have been created."[1] This is a startling departure from the Chalcedonian tradition's confession that the incarnate Son is "consubstantial with us according to the manhood [and]in all things like unto us, without sin" (see part 3 (http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2015/09/christological-confusion-china-2.php) </span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">如果只有一種神聖的形像,而這個形象是永恆的兒子,也是人類的本質,那麼永恆的兒子在某種意義上一定是永恆的人——即祂永恆的原人性。正如他(指:唐崇榮)所說,</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">If there is only one kind of divine image and that image is the eternal Son and is also the essence of humanity then it follows that the eternal Son must be eternally human in some sense--the sense of his eternal humanness. As he puts it,</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">耶穌基督擁有神的形像,[而]我們是按照神的形像受造的。因此,基督本身就是形象,即是人性的基因。在基督裡面是人性的原始形式,或原始的人性。這是沒有受造的成分。這就是我的意思。所以,我相信基督的人性是非受造的,是先存於神裡面的。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Jesus Christ possesses God's image, [while] we were created after God's image. Therefore, Christ himself is the image, which is the gene of human nature. Well, within Christ is the original form of human nature, or original human nature. This is something that is not created. This is what I mean. So, I believe that Christ's human nature is uncreated and pre-existent within God.[2]</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">還有,</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">And again,</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">既然人類是按照這個形像受造的,人類是按照神的形象受造的,也就是說,是按照基督的樣式受造的。既然人類是按照基督的樣式被造的,基督一定在全人類被造之前就已經存在了。「在基督裡的人性」一直先存在於基督裡面。這就是我要表達的意思。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Since humankind was created in this image, humankind is said to have been created in the image of God, that is, created in Christ's likeness. Now, since humankind was created in Christ's likeness, Christ must have pre-existed before the creation of all human beings. The "humanness in Christ" has always pre-existed within Christ. This is what I mean to express.[3]</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">所以,基督是原始的人,我們是按照祂的人性形像創造的複製品:「我們反照祂,祂是原型。」</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">So, Christ is the original human, we are the copies created in the likeness of his humanness: "we reflect Him, he is the prototype."[4] </span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">因為祂(基督)的人性是非受造的和先存的,我們不能說祂除了罪之外在各方面都像我們——或者相反,我們就像祂一樣。相反,我們必須得出結論,祂的「原人性與傳統上所說的人性或人性並不十分相似」,並且即使在拿撒勒人耶穌身上道成肉身,祂也只是「在許多事情上與我們相似」。[5] 甚至「他的身體與我們的身體完全不同」。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Because his human nature is uncreated and pre-existent we cannot say he is like us in everyway except sin--or conversely, that we are just like him. We must instead conclude that his "</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">humanness </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">is not very similar to what is traditionally referred to as </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">humanity </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">or </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">human nature</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">" and that, even as incarnate in Jesus of Nazareth, he is only "like unto us in many things."[5] Even "his body is entirely different from ours."[6] </span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">他直接談到迦克墩的主張—基督在除了罪之外,在各方面都像我們一樣—他問道:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Directly addressing the Chalcedonian claim Christ is like us in every way except sin, he asks,</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">祂在所有這些事情上都像我們一樣嗎?祂是人,所以,就像我們一樣,祂可能會變得饑餓、口渴和身體疲倦;祂會睡覺;祂經歷了我們所經歷的許多事情。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Is he like unto us in all these things? He is a human being, so, just like us, he could grow hungry, thirsty, and physically weary; he would sleep; he experienced many of the things that we experience.[7]</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">但是,祂和我們一樣的許多方面可能只與一系列的身體機能和相應的經歷有關:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">But the many ways he is like us may relate only to a range of bodily functions and corresponding experiences:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">祂的身體與我們的身體完全不同,因為我們的身體是被創造的。耶穌基督的身體既不是從塵土中創造的,也不是從男人和女人的結合中創造的。所以祂的身體肯定和我們的不同。然而,不同的是,祂真的變成了人,祂必須擁有我們所擁有的那種身體的所有功能,所以祂會睡覺,祂會累,祂會餓,祂會口渴,等等。祂身體的功能「在一切事情上都像我們一樣」。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">His body is entirely different from ours, because our bodies have been created. . . .Jesus Christ's body was neither created from dust, nor from the union of a man and a woman, . . . so his body is certainly different from ours. Different, yet, he truly became human, and he had to possess all the functions of the kind of bodies that we have, so he would sleep, he would be tired, he would grow hungry, he would be thirsty, etc. The functions of his body were "like unto us in all things."[8]</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">雖然耶穌的身體功能必需要像我們一樣,但單憑具體的經驗並不能保證祂與其他人同質(</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">consubstantial)</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">。功能性相似的身體並不足以確保符合迦克墩傳統(更不用說希伯來書的作者)所堅持的那種對人性的認同,這(同質的人性)是「為了我們的救贖」所必需的。正如拿先斯的貴格利(Gregory of Nazianzus)所宣告的格言:「祂所沒有取得的,就不能被醫治。」</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Although Jesus is necessarily like us in his bodily functions, embodied experience alone falls short of being consubstantial with the rest of humanity. Functional somatic similarity, if you will, is not enough to secure the kind of identification with humanity the Chalcedonian tradition, not to mention author of Hebrews, maintains is necessary "for our salvation." As the maxim laid down by Gregory of Nazianzus declares, "that which was not assumed is not healed."[9]</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Notes</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">: </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[1] First Recording </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[2] Third Recording </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[3] First Recording </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[4] First Recording </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[5] First Recording </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[6] Third Recording </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[7] Second Recording </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[8] Third Recording </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[9] </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Letter to Cledonius (Ep</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. 101), p. 5</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(博文九結束)</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">博文十</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china-9.php">https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china-9.php</a></span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">第六陳述:一個非受造的身體 </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Sixth Statement: An Uncreated Body</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">《比利時信條》堅持永恆的兒子成為完全的人,祂所取的「人性」並沒有失去「它的屬性,而是仍然是一個受造物,有開始的,是有限的本性,並保留了真實身體的所有屬性」(見第4部分)然而,我們在亞洲的弟兄否認耶穌的人性是被造的。我們已經(</span><a href="http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2015/09/christological-confusion-china-3.php" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2015/09/christological-confusion-china-3.php</span></a><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)觀察了他關於聖子永恆人性的特殊主張(見第5部分),但他也否認基督的身體是被造的。(</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2015/09/christological-confusion-china-4.php</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Belgic Confession insists the eternal Son became fully human and that "the human nature" he assumed did not lose "its properties, but remained a creature, having beginning of days, being a finite nature, and retaining all the properties of a real body" (see part 4 ) Our brother in Asia, however, denies that the human nature of Jesus is created. We have already(</span><a href="http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2015/09/christological-confusion-china-3.php" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2015/09/christological-confusion-china-3.php</span></a><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">) </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">observed his peculiar claims regarding the eternal humanness of the Son (see part 5 ), but he also denies the body of Christ was created.(http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2015/09/christological-confusion-china-4.php) </span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">他暗示聖經中只有兩種關於人類如何被創造的記載——要麼人像亞當和夏娃一樣從塵土中,要麼人像其他族類一樣通過交合被創造——他得出結論,既然兩者都不適用於耶穌,我們不能說祂的身體是被造的:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Suggesting that there are only two biblical accounts of how a human being may be created--either from the dust as Adam and Eve or through sexual intercourse as the rest of the race--he concludes that since neither applies to Jesus we cannot say that his body has been created:</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">我們是否允許或合適將「受造」這個詞用於與聖子身體有關的事情?就我個人而言,我認為我不太願意使用這個詞,因為子是創造者——子的起源從永恆、永恆的過去就存在了,子在道成肉身時「成為」肉身意味著甚麼是一個謎。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Is it permissible or appropriate for us to apply the word "created" to matters relating to the Son's body? Personally, I think I am not very willing to use this word, because the Son is the Creator--the Son's origin has existed from all eternity, eternity past, and what it means for the Son to have "become" flesh upon the incarnation is a mystery[1] </span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">他更強烈地寫道:「主耶穌不但是創造者,也是受造的,有分於被造之物」的說法是「大有問題的」。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">More strongly, he writes that the claim that "the Lord Jesus is not only the Creator but is also created and partakes in that which is created" is "greatly problematic."[2]</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">耶穌是『創造者』﹗如果祂的身體是「被造的」,那麼祂整個身體是自己造的,祂進去祂自己造的裡面;那祂到底有分於受造的部份,或是受造的部分有分於祂呢?你把它顛倒過來了!⋯聖經從來沒有提到,耶穌有受造的一部分,這是亞流的異端、是諾斯底主義的異端、是李常受的異端來毒害教會。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Jesus is [the Creator]. If his body is created, then his whole body is self-created, and he entered into that which he himself created. Then, in the final analysis, is a portion of him a partaker of creation or does a portion of creation partake of him? You have turned him upside down! . . . The Bible never mentions Jesus having a created portion; this is the heresy of Arianism, the heresy of Gnosticism, the heresy of Witness Lee that has come to harm the church.[3]</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">還有,</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">And again,</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">耶穌基督裡面沒有受造的一部分,祂是創造者,祂是配受敬拜和永恆歌頌的。⋯耶穌基督不是受造的,在基督的位格里面,沒有受造的成分;連祂的人性、肉身中間,還是神自己以祂無窮的大能在肉身的範圍向人顯現。祂才是我們的救主。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Within Jesus Christ there is no created portion. He is the Creator, he is worthy to receive worship and eternal praise. . . . Jesus Christ is not created; in the person of Christ, there is no created portion, even within his human nature and flesh, he is still God revealing himself to man by his boundless power within the scope of flesh, and is[thereby] our savior[4]</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">然而,迦克墩傳統並沒有因為堅持認為基督的人性是有限的和受造的,而滑入亞流派、諾斯替派或任何其他錯誤的危險。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Chalcedonian tradition, however, is not in danger of slipping into Arian, Gnostic, or any other error by insisting the human nature of Christ is finite and created.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">提到倪柝聲的跟隨者和承繼者李常受,或能說明(這牧師的)問題。在1991年的時候,就是這牧師首次出版上面最後的評論時,我們的講者可能已經早已遠離了李氏的教導。然而,人們可能為這爭論而誇大其詞並不擇手段,都被他在以後二十多年來繼續捍衛他相同的立場所稍弱:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The mention of Witness Lee, Watchman Nee's disciple and successor, may be telling. Still living in 1991, when these last comments were first published, our speaker may have been distancing himself from Lee's teachings. Any allowance one might make for polemical overstatement, however, is undermined by his continued defense of this same position over twenty years later:</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">那麼,耶穌的身體是不是被造的呢?我說不。我的意思是,祂的身體與我們的身體完全不同,因為我們的身體是被造的。耶穌基督的身體既不是用塵土被造的,也不是從男人和女人的結合中被造的。祂的身體不是以這兩種方式中的任何一種創造的,所以祂的身體肯定與我們的身體不同。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Now, was Jesus' body created or not? I say No. What I mean is that His body is entirely different from ours, because our bodies have been created . . . Jesus Christ's body was neither created from dust, nor from the union of a man and a woman. His body was not created in either of these two ways, so His body is certainly different from ours [5]</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">他對這種特殊觀點—基督的身體是非受造的—的委身是根深蒂固的,但也許不是不可救藥的。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">His commitment to this peculiar view--that Christ's body is uncreated--is entrenched, but perhaps not incorrigibly so.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">重要的是,我們的講者並沒有聲稱基督的身體是永恆的或有源自天上的。目前尚不清楚他還有哪些其他選擇,但他並沒有明確主張如在激進改革家卡斯珀·士閔克非(Casper Schwenckfeld)(他的觀點源自莫奇奧利茨派(Melchiorites),或被稱為霍夫曼派(Hoffmanites)和門諾派(Mennonites),或當代神學家斯蒂芬·韋伯(Stephen Webb)所提倡那種屬天肉身基督論。然而,他(指唐崇榮)反對在創造主耶穌基督裡面沒有任何「被造的成分」的想法,他似乎沒有其他選擇,只能選擇一個永恆的(基督人性)。從這個意義上,就是是基督的身體源自天上。然而,與其肯定那麼多,他更願意宣佈基督身體的起源是一個不可逾越的奧秘。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Importantly, our speaker does not claim Christ's body is eternal or has a heavenly origin. It is not clear what other options exist, but he does not explicitly advocate the sort of heavenly flesh Christology we encounter in the radical reformer Casper Schwenckfeld, whose view took root among the Melchiorites and Mennonites, or the contemporary theologian Stephen Webb.[6] Yet he takes exception to the very idea that there is any "created portion" within Jesus Christ, the Creator, and this seems to leave no other option but an eternal and in that sense heavenly source of Christ's body. Rather than affirm as much, however, he prefers to declare the origin of Christ's body an impenetrable mystery.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">他顯然是為了保護基督作為創造主的榮耀,祂移取了神在耶穌基督里對罪人恩典的屈尊降卑,成為更大榮耀的化身。祈克果(</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Kierkegaard</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)觀察到,道成肉身是對人類墮落和不斷過度的理性的冒犯。每一個基督論的異端都可以被理解為試圖迴避這種冒犯——道成肉身成為有限理性的人明顯是荒謬的。我們的講者被永活之子道成肉身成為受造物所冒犯,可能真的有可能否認「神與人之間的一位中保,就是基督耶穌,他捨己為眾人作贖價」(提前二5-6)</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In an apparent effort to protect the glory of Christ as the Creator he guts the incarnation of the greater glory of God's gracious condescension to sinners in Jesus Christ. The incarnation is an offense to humanity's fallen and constantly overreaching reason, Kierkegaard observed. Every Christological heresy can be understood as an attempt to dodge this offense—the apparent absurdity of the incarnation to finite reason. Offended by the creatureliness of the eternal Son incarnate, our speaker may be in real danger of denying the reality of the "one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus, who gave himself as a ransom for all" (1 Tim 2:5-6 ).(</span><a href="https://biblia.com/bible/kjv1900/1%20Tim%202.5-6" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">https://biblia.com/bible/kjv1900/1%20Tim%202.5-6</span></a><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Notes</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[1] First Recording.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[2] This is translated from Q&A XIII of his 1991 booklet on Christology, published in Chinese by his ministry organization.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[3] Booklet, Q&A XIII, 1991. Arianism broadly refers to a family of Christologies that view the Son as a created being, denying he is consubstantial with the Father (and also with humanity, ordinarily). Gnostic Christologies are often docetic--one way or another God only seemed to be human. Here, however, the speaker almost certainly has in mind the common gnostic belief that creation is the work of a lesser being--a demiurge--which may or may not be associated with the Son. As for Witness Lee, the allusion is more difficult to identify, but a summary of his unusual view of the incarnation is given in his booklet, </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">All-Inclusive Spirit of Christ </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(Los Angeles: Living Stream Ministry, 1969):</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Take a cup of plain water and mix it with tea. Now the water is more than just water. Originally, it was water, but now it is water mingled with tea. Before Christ was incarnated, He was God alone, but after His incarnation He is God mingled with man. In Him is not only the divine nature but also the human nature, the human essence, the human element. He is God, He is the Father, He is the Son, He is the Spirit, and He is man. He is so rich!</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Note both the mingling metaphor and incarnation of both Father and Spirit with the Son in Jesus Christ. Whether these are Lee's actual views or just imprecise and confusing ways of expressing himself is debated.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[4] Booklet, Q&A XIII, 1991.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[5] Third Recording, in which he also says "I have examined the Christology that I have taught, namely, the printed book </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Christology [基督論] </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">that I mentioned, as well as my recently published book, </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Eternal Christ and Jesus of History [永世的基督和歷史的耶穌]</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. As I carefully examined them, I believe that my basic view remains unchanged."</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[6] Schwenkfeld eventually published his views in the </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Great Confession of the Glory of Christ </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(1541). Webb's work, </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Jesus Christ, Eternal God: Heavenly Flesh and the Metaphysics of Matter </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(Oxford, 2012), is intended to be a theological bridge between Christianity and Mormonism, but to my knowledge has not been used by any supporters by orthodox believers on either bank of that divide.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">博文十一</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china-10.php">https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china-10.php</a></span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">第七個陳述:「神在基督裡未知的人性」 </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Seventh Statement: The "Unknown Humanity of God in Christ"</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">卡維里(Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen)觀察到,「直到近代,[基督]人性先存在的想法不僅沒有獲得肯定,而且很多時被認為是危險的,甚至是異端的。[1] 然而,這並沒有阻止不斷挑釁的卡爾·巴特對基督論的想法。他首先在他的《教會教義學》中暗示這個,後來在瑞士改革宗牧師協會面前論證,神在基督裡的人性必須在福音派神學中佔有中心地位。他承認,他和他的同僚們在反對神學自由主義的論戰中「把[對神的看法]從中心移到了邊緣,從強調的原則轉移到了不太強調的從屬」,他現在認為恢復(神在基督裡的人性)是一項緊迫的任務。[2] 從那以後,其他一些神學家也玩起了這種說法。其中包括Wilhelm Vischer,Donald Bloesch,Robert Jenson,Thomas Senor和之前曾提過的Webb。[3] 顯然,我們在亞洲的兄弟應該被添加到這個名單中。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"Until recent times," Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen observes, "the idea of the pre-existence of the human nature [of Christ] was not only not affirmed but at times considered to be dangerous or even heretical."[1] This did not prevent the ever-provocative Karl Barth from</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Contriving such a Christology, however. First hinted at in his </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Church Dogmatics</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, he later argued before the Swiss Reformed Ministers' Association that the humanity of God in Christ must have a central place in evangelical theology. Admitting that he and his cobelligerents had "moved [this perspective on God] from the center to the periphery, from the emphasized principle clause to the less emphasized subordinate clause" in their polemic against theological liberalism, he now considered its recovery an urgent task.[2] Since then a number of other theologians have played suit. Among them are Wilhelm Vischer, Donald Bloesch, Robert Jenson, Thomas Senor, and the already noted Webb.[3] Apparently, our brother in Asia should be added to this list.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">雖然他沒有引用任何來源來說明他的陳述(除了聖經中一些可疑的翻譯或解釋的地方),但他的語言有時似乎直接從巴特的幾次討論中說出來,包括他聲稱基督永恆的人性是人類的非受造「原型」,「可以被稱為『神在基督里不為人知的人性』。」[4] 例如,巴特在討論人類的創造時說:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Although he does not cite any sources for his statements (other than a few dubiously translated or interpreted places in Scripture), his language sometimes seems lifted right out of Barth's several discussions, including his claim that the eternal humanness of Christ is the uncreated "prototype" of humanity and "could be called the 'Un-known humanity of God in Christ'."[4] Here, for example, is Barth's discussing the creation of humans:</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">有一個真實的先存的人⋯即,預先存在於神的旨意中,就此意義,於神自己中,即神的兒子中,作人類的非受造原型。它(非受造的人性)將與神聯繫起來......當神自己反照在這個形象中時,祂創造了人 </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> [5]</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">There is a real pre-existence of man... namely, a pre-existence in the counsel of God, and to that extent, in God Himself, i.e., in the Son of God, in so far as the Son is the uncreated prototype of the humanity which is to be linked with God... As God Himself is mirrored in this image, He creates man [5]</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">關於神的人性,巴特宣稱「正確的理解,正是神的神性包括祂的人性」,並且「祂的神性本身就包含了人性」。他認為,人性隱藏在神聖的存在中,但通過耶穌基督揭示:「在祂裡面,這事實一次而永遠確定,沒有人,神就不存在。」還有,「在耶穌基督人性的鏡子里,隱藏在祂的神性中之神的人性被啟示出來」。</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> [6] </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">On the humanity of God, Barth declares "it is precisely God's deity which, rightly understood, includes his </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">humanity</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">" and that "His deity encloses humanity in itself." Humanity, he argues, is hidden within the divine being but revealed through Jesus Christ: "In Him the fact is once for all established that God does not exist without man." Again, "in the mirror of this humanity of Jesus Christ the humanity of God enclosed in His deity reveals itself." [6]</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">巴特明白,「我們已經從基督中心推進到......關於神的人性(以馬內利)的陳述,這不能不產生最深遠的後果。」 [7] 但後果是由一個人提出的特定觀點的細節決定的。儘管語言相似,但巴特和我們在亞洲的兄弟從不同的出發點對基督的人性先存有不同的看法,最終持有不同的立場——後者甚至比前者更奇特。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Barth understands that "the statement regarding God's humanity, the Immanuel, to which we have advanced... from the Christological center, cannot but have the most far-reaching consequences."[7] But the consequences are determined by the details of the particular view one advances. Despite the similarity of language, Barth and our brother in Asia arrive at the irrespective views on the pre-existence of Christ's humanity from distinct starting points and, in the end, hold distinct positions--the latter's even more exotic than the former's.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">這裡不是在比較研究巴特關於基督人性先存的觀點,以及這說法在今天在中國紮根後所產生的變異。但是,正如巴特正確指出,任何關於神在基督裡的人性的陳述都會產生深遠的後果,正如卡維里(Kärkkäinen)所觀察到的,其中一些後果長期以來被視為威脅451年制定的迦克墩定義中所包含的聖經的理解。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This is not the place to enter into a comparative study of Barth's view of Christ's pre-existent humanity and the variety of this species taking root in China today. But, as Barth correctly notes, any statement regarding the humanity of God in Christ will have profound consequences, some of which, as Kärkkäinen observes, have long been considered dangerous to the understanding of Scripture captured in the Chalcedonian definition set down in 451.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Notes</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[1] Kärkkäinen, Christ and Reconciliation: A Constructive Christian Theology for </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">the Pluralistic World </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2013), pp. 184-85.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[2] His 1956 address to the Swiss Reformed Ministers' Association was entitled "The Humanity of God" and subsequently translated into English and published in Karl Barth, </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Humanity of God </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1960), pp. 37-65. See also Barth's Christocentric discussion of election in </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Church Dogmatics </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">II/2 (Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1957),pp. 95-194 (especially p. 145), and of the creation of "real man" in </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Church Dogmatics </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">III/2(1960), p. 155.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[3] See, for example, Wilhelm Vischer, </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Witness of the Old Testament to Christ</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, trans. A.B. Crabtree (London: Lutterworth, 1949); Donald G. Bloesch, </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Jesus Christ: Savior & Lord</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1997), pp. 132-43; Robert W. Jenson, </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Systematic Theology</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, vol. 1 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), especially pp. 125-45; and Thomas D. Senor, "Incarnation and Trinity" in </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reason for the Hope Within</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, ed. by Michael Murray (Grad Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999), pp. 238-59, especially 241-52. Bloesch also names Klaas Runia and Ray Anderson as proponents, p. 137. Like Matt Slick, President and Founder of the Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry, who states "Jesus is uncreated" several times in his article on "Jesus" available at https://carm.org/cut-jesus , it is difficult to know Runia and Anderson intended to assert the uncreated humanity of Christ or were just speaking loosely about his pre-existence as the Son. After Barth, Jenson's views have attracted the most attention, including sharp critiques by Simon Gathercole, "Pre-existence and the Freedom of the Son in Creation and Redemption: An Exposition in Dialogue with Robert Jenson," </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">International Journal of Systematic Theology</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, 7.1 (January2005), pp. 38-51, and Oliver D. Crisp, "Robert Jensen on the Pre-existence of Christ," </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Modern Theology </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">23:1 (January 2007), pp. 27-45, the latter concluding Jenson's view is "simply incoherent," p. 42.(https://carm.org/cut-jesus) </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[4] Second Recording.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[5] </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Church Dogmatics </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">III/2, p. 155.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[6] Barth, </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Humanity of God</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, pp. 46, 49, 50, and 51, respectively (emphasis original). It is worth noting that the Barth's language regarding the humanity of God has spread far beyond just those who afrm Christ's humanity is pre-existent. Take, for example, the title to James Torrance's </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">festschrift</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Christ in our Place: The Humanity of God in Christ for the Reconciliation of the World: Essays presented to James Torrance </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(Eugene: Pickwick, 1989)or the language of Jürgen Moltmann in many passages of </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Crucified God: The Cross of Christ as the Foundation and Criticism of Christian Theology </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(Minneapolis: Fortress, 1993).</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[7] Barth, </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Humanity of God</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, p. 52.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">博文十二</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china-11.php">https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/christological-confusion-china-11.php</a></span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">結論</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Conclusion</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">也許有一些方法可以在不違反迦克墩正統的情況下解釋基督人性的先存——克拉斯·魯尼亞(</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Klaas Runia</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)肯定地認為巴特做到了這一點。[1]</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">There may be ways to construe the supposed pre-existent humanity of Christ without transgressing Chalcedonian orthodoxy--Klaas Runia certainly thought Barth achieved this.[1]</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">為這緣故,改革宗神學家通常認為這種觀點(基督人性的先存)是令人反感的,但本身並不是異端。[2] 儘管本文所回顧的一些陳述很難與迦克墩一致,並且顯然與上面引用的改革宗標準不相容,但我在這裡關心的不是評估這個人的觀點,而是解決他的陳述在改革宗圈子裡中國大陸(及以後)造成的基督論混亂。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">For this reason, among others, Reformed theologians have generally treated this view as objectionable but not, by itself, heretical.[2] Even though some of the statements reviewed in this essay are difficult to square with Chalcedon and obviously incompatible with the Reformed standards cited above, my concern here is not assessing this man's views but addressing the Christological confusion his statements are causing within Reformed circles on the mainland of China (and beyond).</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">也許這些陳述並不能準確代表他的觀點。它們陳述得不夠精確,有些是推測的,並且沒有從聖經中明確論證。這裡還涉及層層語言,距離這些錄音至少已經過去了兩年——這足夠他改變主意的時間了。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Perhaps these statements do not accurately represent his views. They are imprecisely stated, somewhat speculative, and not clearly argued from Scripture. There are also layers of language involved here and at least two years has passed since these recordings were made--enough time for him to have already changed his mind.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">無論如何,這些陳述在整個中國大陸流傳,影響了剛剛發現改革宗傳統的信徒,並引起了足夠的基督理論混亂,值得我們關注。任何圍繞這「兩個主張</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">⋯</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">首先,基督的人性和基督的身體是非受造的;其次,基督的人性從永恆中就一直存在」而發展他們的基督論觀點的人,似乎肯定會偏離正統改革宗標準一貫堅持的迦克墩基督論。耶穌基督不是隱藏在神裡面的永恆原人性的具體表現;道成肉身的神不只在一系列身體功能上與我們相似,而且與我們同質——就像我們一樣,除了罪;而且不存在非受造的物質身體這樣的東西。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Whatever the case may be, these statements are circulating throughout mainland China, influencing believers who are just discovering the Reformed tradition, and causing enough Christological confusion to warrant our concern. Anyone who develops their Christological views around these "two claims, . . . first, that Christ's human nature and Christ's body are uncreated; and, second, that Christ's human nature has existed from all eternity," seems certain to stray from the Chalcedonian Christology the orthodox Reformed standards consistently maintain. Jesus Christ is not a bodily manifestation of an eternal humanness hidden within God; God-incarnate is not just similar to us with respect to a range of bodily functions but consubstantial with us--just like us in every way except sin; and there is no such thing as an uncreated physical body.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">雖然神聖和永恆的子取得一個完全的、像我們一樣是被創造和有限的人性,包括身體和靈魂,是一個羞辱,但這是神在耶穌基督裡拯救恩典的榮耀羞辱,這對我們和我們的救恩是必要的。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Though the divine and eternal Son assuming a fully human nature, body and soul, created and finite just like ours, is a scandal, it is the glorious scandal of God's saving grace in Jesus Christ, necessary for us and our salvation.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Notes</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[1] Klaas Runia, T</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">he Present-Day Christological Debate </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press,1984), pp. 16-21.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[2] An interesting example of this is Hodge, </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Systematic Theology</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, pp. 421-28, who treats the views of Swendenborg and Watts on this point as merely objectionable and describes the latter as undoubtedly "a devout worshiper of our Lord Jesus Christ," p. 423.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">後記</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">P.S.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">自從我撰寫並提交了關於中國普遍存在的基督論混亂的一系列文章(從這裡開始)以來,我收到了一封信,確認我對他的聲稱所暗示的觀點是謹慎且有根據的。正如我在該系列的最後一篇文章中沉思的那樣,(</span><span style="color: black; font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://www.reformation21.org/articles/an-orientation-to-chinas-reforming-churches.php">http://www.reformation21.org/articles/an-orientation-to-chinas-reforming-churches.php</a><a href="http://www.reformation21.org/articles/an-orientation-to-chinas-reforming-churches.php%EF%BC%89">)</a></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Since writing and submitting the series of posts (beginning here) on the pervasive Christological confusion in China, I have received a communication confirming that my caution about attributing to our brother the view suggested by his assertions is well founded. As I muse in the final post of the series, (</span><a href="http://www.reformation21.org/articles/an-orientation-to-chinas-reforming-churches.php" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">http://www.reformation21.org/articles/an-orientation-to-chinas-reforming-churches.php</span></a><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">) </span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">也許這些陳述並不能準確代表他的觀點。它們陳述得不夠精確,有些是推測的,並且沒有從聖經中明確論證。這裡還涉及層層語言,距離這些錄音至少已經過去了兩年——這足夠他改變主意的時間了。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Perhaps these statements do not accurately represent his views. They are imprecisely stated, somewhat speculative, and not clearly argued from Scripture. There are layers of language involved here and at least two years has passed since these recordings were made--enough time for him to have already changed his mind.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">根據最近的通信,這位弟兄宣稱他「擁抱改革宗信仰的全部」,並在毫不保留地即時對當前混亂的根源作出了一些聲稱。他無意混淆任何人對基督人性的教義,不相信在中國流傳的聲稱是廣泛的,並否認這對基督人性的聲稱「充分代表」他在這個問題上的全部或最終立場。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">According to this recent communication, this brother declares that he "embraces the totality of the Reformed faith" and made some of the assertions at the root of the present confusion in unguarded extemporaneous moments. He did not intend to confuse anyone on the doctrine of Christ's humanity, does not believe the assertions circulating widely in China are well-understood, and denies that they "adequately represent" his full or final position on this matter.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">就我所見,這是一個令人鼓舞的消息。當然,混亂本身仍然存在,值得任何必要的關注,以澄清聖經和所認信關於基督人性的教導是甚麼。展望未來,願我們同心同德地專注於在我們手中的教義問題,為各處地方的教會謀福祉。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">So far as I can see, this is encouraging news. The confusion itself persists, of course, and deserves whatever attention is necessary to clarify just what the biblical and confessional teaching on Christ's humanity is; going forward, may we concentrate on the doctrinal issue at hand with one heart and mind for the welfare of the church here, there, and everywhere.</span></p></span></div><div class="wcz-error-list wcz-self" style="display: none; position: absolute;"><div class="wcz-error-list-msg" style="display: none;"></div><div class="wcz-error-list-msg2" style="display: none;"></div><div class="wcz-error-list-header" style="display: none;"><select class="wcz-error-list-filter-select"></select><div class="wcz-error-list-header-button wcz-error-list-group-header-button" title="展开/收起所有列表"></div></div><div class="wcz-error-list-groups" style="display: inline-block; max-height: 250px; max-width: 300px;"></div><div class="wcz-error-list-footer"><button class="wcz-error-list-footer-close" title="关闭"></button><div class="wcz-error-list-header-button wcz-error-list-group-header-button" title="展开/收起所有列表"></div><button class="wcz-error-list-footer-undo" title="恢复原文"></button><div class="wcz-error-list-footer-msg" style="display: none;"></div></div></div><div class="wcz-self" id="wcz-menu" style="display: none;"><ul class="wcz-menu-list"><li class="wcz-menu-item">清除所有标记</li><li class="wcz-menu-item">清除选中的标记</li><li class="wcz-menu-item wcz-menu-separator"></li><li class="wcz-menu-item wcz-menu-submenu">错误类型</li><li class="wcz-menu-item wcz-menu-separator"></li><li class="wcz-menu-item">无错字 - 写作(在线版)</li></ul></div><div class="wcz-self" id="wcz-widget" style="display: none;">
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</div>brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-48792875719525696592022-12-02T16:31:00.004-08:002022-12-02T16:38:19.578-08:00《首生的神 ─聖子身份的再思》(2012),〈前言〉─ 李保羅博士著,香港衛道神學研究院(United Wesleyan Graduate Institute) 首任院長<h1 style="text-align: center;">《首生的神 ─聖子身份的再思》<br />前言</h1><p style="text-align: center;">李保羅博士著</p><p style="text-align: center;">香港衛道神學研究院(United Wesleyan Graduate Institute) 首任院長</p><p style="text-align: center;"><br />(<u>註</u>:宏博服務社提供免費電子書,可從這裡取得:https://ruthenpaul.com/wp-content/uploads/WTC/PrototokosGodE01(2012).pdf) </p><p><span> </span><span> <span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: medium;">基督是完全的神,基督也是完全的人。基督是神人二性兼備。雖然「基督神人二性」這個課題涉及許多是人的理性所參不透的奧秘,但這個實在是聖經的教導,也是傳統純正信仰的真理。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>因為基督是人,有著人的真實人性和性情,只是祂沒有罪,也沒有犯過罪,所以祂能夠站在人的位置代替人接受罪罰,且作成了有功效的代贖。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>因為基督是神,有著神的本質和屬性,所以祂的救贖足以拯救所有願意相信的人。又因為祂是神,所以能夠站在神的位置上,挽回或平息神對罪人的忿怒。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>這樣,唯有基督是神人二性兼備,祂才能夠為人類作成一個永遠且有功效的救贖。 因為基督的神人二性有著這樣重要而嚴肅的意義,一個人或群體對基督神人二性的態度(接納或不接納,相信或不相信),足以反映他對救贖的看法,反映他的信心所相信的是個怎樣的救恩,繼而傳統信仰純正的教會,會以這個真理去界定一個人或一個信仰體系是正統還是異端。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>筆者在這裡首先作個清晰的聲明:筆者完全接納和相信基督神人二性這個真理。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>只是關於基督的神性,歷來就有不少爭議,因為聖經裡實在有一些經文似乎說明了聖子基督乃是被造之物。箴八 22-31、西一 15、啟三 14,就是最常被人爭議的經文。就算是在信仰純正的信徒群體裡,爭論之聲也從未斷絕。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>箴八 22-31 說到智慧在神創世之時非常活躍。人若將這個「智慧」跟「聖子」拉上關係,並不為過;事實上,正是身為「道」的聖子直接負責創造世界的事(參例如約一 1-4;西一 16-17)。但是, 如果因而說基督是受造的,那就遠遠偏離了經文的意思了: </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>1.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>箴言這段經文是在智慧文學中用擬人法去表達,將智慧比擬為一個人。我們不能將重要的神學建立在一個擬人的說法之上。 </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>2.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>況且,我們極其量是將這裡的「智慧」說成聖子的智慧,而 不能將它跟聖子完全等同。經文一而再的說明「我」(智慧)和「他」 (耶和華)是有所不同:是「他(耶和華)立高天,我(智慧)在那裡」;「他(耶和華)在淵面的周圍,劃出圓圈 那時,我(智慧)在他那裡為工師……」。 </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>3.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>其實,這裡也沒有肯定的說智慧是被造的。經文多次說智慧是「生出」而非「造成」。箴八 23 說智慧「被立」也不是說它「被造」;經文不過是說它在神創造世界之前已經被設立、被委任去協助創造之工。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>至於啟三 14 說聖子基督是「在神創造萬物之上為元首的」(“<i>hē archē tēs ktiseōs</i>”, “the beginning of creation”),雖然可以將經文解釋作「他(聖子基督)是在創造物裡首先被造的」,但我們更可以將經文解釋作「他(聖子基督)是促成創造的」。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>論到基督是否受造,最具爭議性的經文,要首推西一 15;亞流主義和耶和華見證人就在這一節上絆跌了。近期蘇穎智跟李常受就這一節經文應作怎樣的理解和翻譯,也帶出了一些討論。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>簡單來說,<u>蘇穎智[1]和李常受[2]都跟亞流主義和耶和華見證人等異端不同。他們對基督的神性都有著相同的肯定:基督是神,並非受造</u>。 </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>但他們二人對西一 15 的經文則有著不同的理解。這裡涉及兩個相關緊扣的問題:</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>1.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>西一 15a 的「愛子」一詞所指的是甚麼? </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>2.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>西一 15b “<i>prōtotokos pasēs ktiseōs</i>”一語(《和合本》作「是首生的,在一切被造的以先」,但希臘文原文直譯則是「是一切受造物的首生者」,“the firstborn of all creation”),應作怎樣的理解和翻譯? </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>李常受認為:</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>1.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>西一 15a 的「愛子」是指基督的人性及其肉身。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> <span> </span><span> </span>2.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>按“<i>prōtotokos pasēs ktiseōs</i>”一語的文法,尤其是該語在聖經裡的慣用法,將這個片語按原文字面直譯為「是一切受造物的首生者」<u>是最自然的翻譯</u>。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>3.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>不錯,這個翻譯著實說明了愛子是受造的。<u>不過,所謂愛子是受造,並不是說基督的神性被造,因為「愛子」只是指基督的人性及其肉身,並不包括基督的神性在裡面。它不過是說基督的人性和肉身是在一切受造物中首先被造的</u>。 </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>4.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>雖然基督是在世界受造之後的時間裡道成肉身,<u>但在屬靈的意義上,基於神在創世以前已經有救贖的心意,所以我們也可以將道成肉身一事看作在世界受造之前已經成就的事,繼而說基督的人性和肉身是在一切受造物受造之前已經受造</u>;這個情形就如啟十三 8 將基督描述為「從創世以來被殺之羔羊」,即將主耶穌在道成肉身之後的被釘死,說成是在創世之時甚至是在在創世之前已經被殺。 </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>5.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>透過這樣的解經,<u>李常受一方面保持了正統的神學(基督的神性,並非被造),另一方面也解決了西一 15 所說「愛子被造」這個難題</u>。 </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>蘇穎智則認為: </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>1.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>西一 15a 的「愛子」是指主耶穌的整體。因為經文的上下文 (例如西一 15-22)都是講論著整位聖子基督,包括祂的神性和人性。如果說西一 15a 的「愛子」是單指基督的人性及其肉身: </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>a.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>我們就很難理解說是基督的人性及其肉身成為那位人不能看見之神的像(西一 15)</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>b.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>我們也很難理解創造世界是單由基督的人性及其肉身去作成(西一 16-17)。 </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>2.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>基於主耶穌作為「子」的情形(是由屬靈的「聖父」而生, 不涉及任何屬靈的「聖母」),跟我們人類作為「子」的情形不同 (由肉身的「父」和「母」而生),所以說主耶穌為「首生者」(即長子)跟我們人類當中的「首生者」(長子)不同。我們須要從屬靈的角度去理解主耶穌作「首生者」的意義。 </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>蘇穎智又基於“<i>pasēs ktiseōs</i>”一語是個「屬格」(genitive)的片語,而在「屬格」的眾多用法中,包括有 partitive genitive(某一屬於某類)和 genitive of comparison(某一優於某類)這兩種用法。如果從 partitive genitive 的角度來理解,經文可以譯作「愛子是一切受造物中的首生者」。但是這個片語也可以從 genitive of comparison 的角度來理解,經文可以譯作「是首生的,在一切被造的以先」, 像《和合本》那樣。 </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>3.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>這樣,西一 15 乃是說,為聖父所生、兼具神人二性的愛子基督,是超越於一切受造物之上。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>4.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>透過這樣的解經,蘇穎智同樣保持了正統的神學(愛子基督並非被造),也同樣解決了西一 15 所謂「愛子被造」的難題。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>對於李常受和蘇穎智的釋經和看法,筆者有這樣的意見:</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>1.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>以西一 15a 的「愛子」指主耶穌的整體是最自然的解釋,正如蘇穎智從經文的上下文所清楚指出的。 </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>2.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>將“<i>prōtotokos pasēs ktiseōs</i>”翻譯成「一切受造物中的首生者」是最自然的翻譯。雖然「屬格」有genitive of comparison(某一優於某類)的用法,但“pr0totokos pas4s ktise0s”一語所涉及的屬格, 在聖經裡總是作partitive genitive(某一屬於某類)來用的。<u>單在這裡以屬靈意義來將它理解為genitive of comparison(某一優於某類) 的用法, [3] 明顯並不是個自然的解釋</u>。[4] 事實上,雖然目前的《和合本修訂版》都將這裏的“<i>prōtotokos pasēs ktiseōs</i>”像舊的《和合本》那樣譯作「是首生的,在一切被造的以先」,<u>但《和合本修訂版》的初版卻就是將它譯作「是一切被造物的首生者」的!</u> [5] </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>事實上,經文不但說到愛子是受造物的首生者(西一 15),經文跟著也說到祂是死人(復活的死人)中的首生者(西一 18)。<u>由於經文是前後對應平行的 </u>[6],<u>而後者(愛子是死人的首生者)顯然是作partitive genitive來用,可見西一 15 的經文也應該作partitive genitive來用</u>。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>3.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>這樣: </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>a.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>蘇穎智說明了「愛子」一詞在<u>它緊湊的上下文裡應該有的意義</u>(包括愛子的神性和人性),<u>卻犧牲了“<i>prōtotokos pasēs ktiseōs</i>” 一語在聖經裡最自然和應該有的翻譯</u>。 </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>b.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>至於李常受,他保持了“<i>prōtotokos pasēs ktiseōs</i>” 一語<u>在聖經裡最自然和應該有的翻譯</u>,<u>卻又犧牲了「愛子」在它緊湊的上下文裡應該有的意義。</u> 這樣,經過一翻討論之後,我們又再回到問題的起點:我們應當如何解釋西一 15?聖經怎可以說那包括神人二性的「愛子」是「一切受造物中的首生者」?</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span>本書就是嘗試全面去認識「聖子」這個身份的意義,從而嘗試為西一 15 的經文作出一個釋經的建議。 本書書名《首生之神》,首先是要說明身為「首生者」的「聖子」乃是「神」。至於祂的「聖子」或「首生者」的稱謂,不過是因為祂在某個永恆時刻裏「為父神所生」而在神的救贖計劃上得著的身份或角色而已,完全無損祂的神性。 </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: medium;">李保羅</span></p><p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: medium;">衛道神學研究院</span></p><p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: medium;">二○一二年八月</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></p><hr align="left" size="1" style="text-indent: 32px;" width="33%" /><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[endif]--><span style="text-indent: 32px;"></span><br style="text-indent: 32px;" /></span></p><div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote; text-indent: 32px;"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times new roman, serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[1]:</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;">蘇穎智,《主基督是被造的嗎?》恩福聖經學院季刊第七期(2006 年三月份)插本(香港:恩福聖經學院,2006)</span><span style="font-family: pmingliu, serif;">。</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman", serif;">[2]:</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;">參例如:李常受,《新約聖經恢復本》,台灣:台灣福音書房,1995, 頁 1183(西一 15 註);李常受,《歌羅西書生命讀經》,台灣:台灣福音書房(1979 講),頁 78。</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman", serif;">[3]:</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;">若要從「某一優於某類」的角度來理解西一 15,經文應該譯作「是首生的,在一切被造的之上」(而不是「是首生的,在一切被造的以先」)。 《新譯本》就是作這樣的翻譯。但這樣的翻譯並沒有解釋到 pr0totokos (「首生的」)一語的意思,它只說明聖子是首生者,而這位首生者是 在一切被造的之上。</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman", serif;">[4]:</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;">參下文第 24 章(「聖子」為「首生的」)有關的討論。</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman", serif;">[5]:</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;">《新約全書──和合本修訂版》。香港:香港聖經公會,2006 年 1 月初版(香港華人基督教聯會九十周年會慶、香港聖經公會五十五周年會慶 限量紀念版),頁 321。</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: medium; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; text-indent: 32px;">[6]:</span>西一15-17論愛子與舊創造的關係,指出愛子為萬有之首,也創造了萬有;西一18-20則論愛子與新創造(教會)的關係,為教會之首,也創造了教會。愛子是教會的一部份(為首的一部份),也是創造的一部份(為首的一部份)</span></div></div><div class="wcz-error-list wcz-self" style="display: none; position: absolute;"><div class="wcz-error-list-msg" style="display: none;"></div><div class="wcz-error-list-msg2" style="display: none;"></div><div class="wcz-error-list-header" style="display: 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</div>brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-61789790704139662982018-05-16T18:40:00.004-07:002020-08-30T16:09:53.305-07:00從《基督論:唐崇榮神學講座第七冊》一書概覽唐崇榮的基督論<div style="text-align: center;"><div>湃 恩</div>
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<span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">要概覽唐崇榮的基督論,可先從其《基督論:唐崇榮神學講座第七冊》一書而得入手(另一本為《永世的基督與歷史的耶穌》)。《基督論》出自其神學講座,初版出版於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1994</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年,並於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2006</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年第二版(臺北:中福)。唐氏在該書起首就先指出「基督論」是基督教信仰最核心的問題。整個基督教信仰的中心就是圍繞「基督是誰」的問題(太十六</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">15</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。他認為基督教若沒有或離開了基督,就是一個軟弱、無能和空洞的宗教。故此,基督徒對基督的重視、對基督有真正的認識和正確的理解,對基督徒的信仰至為重要。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">唐氏不認同十九世紀那些稱為新派或自由派的基督論。他堅持基督論是建立在神的啟示之上,而非個人主觀的經歷或感性的體會之上。彼得所得的啟示</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">—</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「你是基督,是永生上帝的兒子」</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">—</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">指明對基督的啟示要建立在「從暫時界裡面的信仰透視到永恆界裡面」;「在時間的過程中已經看見神永世的計劃」;「在人間的肉身中,看見背後的道」。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">他認為這種啟示才是建立教會的基礎。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Hlk513820321"><b><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在暫時界和受造界顯現</span></b></a><b><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的基督</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">唐氏認為出於啟示的基督論是包含「反合性」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">paradox</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)的原則,意思就是「好像相反,卻是相合;好像違背,卻不違背;好像衝突,卻不衝突」。耶穌基督就是這個反合性真理的實體。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">人能對基督有所認識,是因著神的恩典,祂叫基督這位道成了肉身。對於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督道成肉身事件的本質</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,唐氏認為其</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">意義有三:(一</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)基督「突破歷史與永恆間的限制」,「從永世進到暫時」;(二)「從絕對界來到相對界」;(三)「從創造者的身分來到受造的範圍裡」。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這三方面是互相有關的:歷史</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">/</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">暫時、相對界和受造者是一個類別,而永恆、絕對者和創造者是另一個類別。唐氏運用西方希臘與康德哲學語言,「絕對界」和「相對界」來說明道成肉身。他在其《希伯來書歸正查經講座第十二講》對此多有解釋:「</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">那基督教的真理在這方面怎麼去瞭解呢?我們相信那絕對者就是神,而被造界是相對的,所以我們在相對中間以被造的身份,我們在相對過程中間。但是被造界中唯有人有神所創造的時候所有的形象樣式,所以被造界的相對人中間呢,有神形象、樣式的絕對觀念在人性的中間,所以這樣呢,人就超過萬物。人之所以是人,因為我們在相對界中,竟然有絕對的觀念,我們在相對的受造界中,我們有絕對神的影子在我們裏面,所以這樣,耶穌基督呢,就成了相對界與絕對之間唯一溝通的接連點。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">…</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">耶穌基督的道成肉身,就是這個絕對與相對之間的接連,在這個接連點中間呢,耶穌基督進到了過程裏面了,所以在永恆中間,「他是神的兒子」;在暫時中間,「我要做他的父、他要做我的子」。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">…</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">耶穌基督是<u>那唯一在永恆中間的絕對者,卻是在相對世界中間唯一從那裏到世界上來,在過程中間向人啟示的神的兒子</u>。</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">唐氏認為耶穌基督的道成肉身,就是將絕對界與相對界的鴻溝接連起來,使上帝在肉身中顯現、啟示給世人看。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">唐氏在《基督論》進一步解釋道成肉身:「</span><u><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督從永恆界來到暫時界,他是創造者來到受造的形體裡面,是絕對者來到相對的範圍</span></u><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。所以在這個突破裡面,我們看見一個新的現象;在人間一個新的位格在歷史中間顯現</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">…</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在他有限的背後有那無窮的無限。所以能夠透過這個墮落線,這個有限界的界線,<u>這個受造界的範圍</u>,而沖到無限的、絕對的、永恆範圍裡面的人,叫作「有信仰的人」。</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">對唐氏來說,道成肉身的那一位,就是那「永恆者在暫時界的表現」,就是「上帝以人的肉身顯現的那一位」。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">唐氏反對高等批判和自由神學所傳的,信仰中的基督不是歷史中的耶穌。他認為兩者就是同一位:「</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這一位就是那超歷史而在歷史中顯現的永恆者;這位就是超有限,卻被差派到有限界的那位絕對者;這位就是在創造界的創造者進入被造界,也是愛被造之人的那位創造主。這位就是主宰,這位就是彌賽亞。</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">人唯有當在聖靈的光照之下,才能從他的暫時界看到永恆界,從他的受造界看見創造主,才真知道耶穌是誰。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督是「永恆和歷史交會的那一個相遇點,接觸點」,是「時間和永恆之間的交會點」。歷世歷代教會的信仰基礎就是彼得這個基督論</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">—</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">神在人間的顯現。從啟示界來到被造界的那位耶穌就是那永恆的上帝。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督的源頭和本質</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">那麼,基督徒對基督最基本、最決定性的觀念是甚麼?唐氏指出乃是基督的源頭和本質。基督的本質是神,祂的源頭是從父出來的。我們要從這兩方面來認識基督。第一,祂帶著使命從父而出,完成使命後又回到父那裡去。基督是帶著使命,照神的旨意來到人間。第二,基督的源頭不是出於人間之最。祂的本質是神的本體。唐氏說,「</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督不但是從神那裡來,帶著使命回去的基督,而且祂本身是神,不是人間所能產生出來的。</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">由於墮落的人類仍還有一點上帝的形像,基督在普遍啟示中彰顯出來,使在宗教、文化或世俗裡面的人能在其心靈的深處,隱約認識一點基督。然而,唯有透過特殊啟示,人才能解釋與完全明白基督。唐氏認為特殊啟示對於認識基督是必須的:</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「那一位基督只有祂自己來到人間,『道』成了『肉身』以後,才把自己有形有體、實實在在,具體的顯明出來。</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這位已具體來到人間的基督,完成神的目的以後怎樣呢?唐氏指出祂「就回到祂原來的地方;而根源不是從這裡,根源是從[父]那裡。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">唐氏以「訪問」和「表現」來形容這位至基督如何道成肉身來到人間來,再把我們帶到那邊去:「</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">創造良善觀念、創造完美思想的完美者,自己來到這不完美世界探訪的一個表現。在這有罪的、不完全的世界中,那完美的創造者來訪問、表現、同在與分享那完美的恩典。這樣的基督才是真正的基督。</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在永恆界裡面的基督</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在基督道成肉身以前,祂在永恆界裡面是怎樣的一位?唐氏認為祂就是永恆的善和人觀念中的善之間的中保。他解釋,神是「義」、「善」、「真理」、「智慧」、「愛」的本體;而基督則是在這善本體與被造界之間的仲介者和交會點。在永恆中的這位基督願意與人溝通,來到人間,主動地供應人生命中所欠缺和需要的。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">祂不但是永恆的,祂也是主動的,有主宰性的。祂是主,主管萬有,統治一切的。唐氏強調主動性和創造者的必然關係。他指,「創造者與被造者不同的地方,就是創造的本身一定是主動性的,不是被動性的。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">祂不但是創造的本體,祂也是創造者</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的本身,是非受造的。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">還有,基督不僅是創造宇宙萬有的工師,這位基督也是公義的執行者。這一位末日要執行公義,要用公義審判全世界。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">最後,基督的本性還包含代替性的救贖。基督的救贖是墮落人類,面對上帝公義審判的盼望。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這種代替性的救贖者就是猶太人期待的「彌賽亞」。然而,猶太人受許傳統和成見的玷污和扭曲,對基督有很不正確的誤解和期待。他們期待一位榮耀的基督,而不是受苦的基督。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">猶太人所扭曲的彌賽亞觀,包括民族性的彌賽亞觀、軍事性的彌賽亞觀、政治性的彌賽亞觀等。我們唯有回到聖經,才得正確的彌賽亞觀。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督是萬界之因</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">唐氏基督論的一個特殊的、與亞里士多德哲學相似的發表,就是稱基督為「萬界之因」。首先,他認為從自然界來看,基督是創造之因。祂是宇宙的因,是萬有的主,萬物是因祂而被造的。因此,基督不可被列在受造物的行列之中。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">其次,從思想界來看,基督是萬理之因。祂是話(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Logos</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。那些運行在萬理中間的總原理,就是耶穌基督的話,也就是「基督」。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">第三,從道德界來看,基督是愛的根源、本體。祂是愛在人間道德界最高形式的表達。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">第四,從法律界來看,基督是義的根源、本體。基督彰顯了真理、公義和聖潔。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">第五,從宗教界來看,基督是彌賽亞。不同的宗教、文化和哲學,如回教、儒家、道家、斯多亞學派等,都有不同程同模糊的彌賽亞觀,與真正的彌賽亞觀有雷同之處。但是,只有在聖經裡,神特殊啟示的範圍裡,才能把萬有的因、萬有的理、萬有的本體揭示出來。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督的三重職分</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">談到基督的位格後,唐氏就提到基督的職分。唐氏強調因著基督是創造者,是托住萬有的主宰,祂的救贖工作是超越性的,是超文化界和超宗教界的範圍。基督是在「救贖界」的,超越文化、藝術、宗教、科學、哲學等範圍之上。祂所做成的救贖工作,使人與神和好,不是宗教和文化所做得到的。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">自稱跟隨傳統的改革宗觀點,唐氏認為基督這位道成肉身、在神人之間的中保,身兼三個特殊的職分:「祭司」、「君王」和「先知」。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">他特別地稱基督是「萬君王之君王」、「萬祭司的祭司」和「萬先知的先知」。唐氏指出,聖經中只有這三種職分是在神面前受膏的。基督不是由人,而是由神親自膏立的。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">首先,「君王」就是代表神以政治的權柄管理百姓的人。其次,「先知」就是「上帝的代言人」,把神的道帶到人間,傳出神的心意,講出神的計劃,把上帝的話語帶出來。然後,「祭司」就是站在神與人中間,代替百姓向神祈求、祝福或獻祭的人,也有把神的律法執行在人實生活中的功用。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督有權柄統治、命令、審判所有在祂統治之下的百姓。基督就是道的本身,啟示神的說話。祂不但是先知所傳講那要來的一位,祂也要成全預言,審判世界。最後,基督也是永恆者,以永遠的身分在神面前作人的大祭司。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[32]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">唐氏再次使用「永恆界和暫時界」的語言,論到基督的祭司職分和功勞:「</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">祂是以永恆者的身分在暫時界作為祭司,以永恆者的身分在暫時界獻上祭物;以暫時界的祭司,藉著永生聖靈的功勞,獻給永遠的上帝。基督這位永恆者,在暫時界作為祭司,藉著永生的靈獻給上帝,就成就了永遠救贖的功效。</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在救贖裡,基督不僅是祭司,祂也是祭物本身,祂也是獻祭者。因著基督的三重職分,信徒也有這三重職分的功用:信徒也要成為君王、成為先知、成為祭司。信徒將來在永世可以與祂一同作王。信徒也有先知的功用,把神的道講出來,把真理傳給世人。信徒也可以為世界、國家和福音工作禱告。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn34;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督肉身的身量、智慧增長</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">唐氏聲稱相信基督是一位真正的人。他表示當耶穌基督進到受造界中間的時候,祂是完全者來到不完全的世界當中。祂像人一樣,祂肉身的身量、智慧增長,有從不完整到完整的過程。祂在地上過一個「有成長過程的人」的生活。這成長過程包括祂的知識、智慧和身體。他說:「道成肉身的上帝來到人間作人時,祂還是照著需要這個身體,經過從食物中吸收營養的過程,使肉身增長起來。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn35;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督裡面沒有受造的成分</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">儘管唐氏如上面所稱相信基督是真正的人,但他的基督論最突出的、近年最為人爭議之點之一,乃是論到「耶穌基督裡面沒有受造的成分」,以及「基督的人性是神無窮大能在肉身的範圍顯現」的觀點。這觀點也是出自本書《基督論》的問題解答部分。該問題是問唐氏:「</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">主耶穌既是完全的神,又是完全的人;道成肉身,神性穿上人性。可見主耶穌有分於受造的人性,甚至祂復活的肉身也是會朽壞的。若因此下結論:『主耶穌不但是創造者,也是受造的,有分於受造。』這樣的結論有沒有問題?</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">」。唐氏斬釘截鐵地說:「大有問題﹗耶穌是『創造者』﹗」。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn36;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">關於約翰福音一章十四節所說,「道成了肉身」,就著教會正統傳統而言,這裡的「肉身」指我們的人性,包含人受造的靈魂和身體。按著教會傳統正統基督論的語言和論述,道成肉身乃是道成為了人,因著聖靈感孕,並由童貞女馬利亞所生。三而一之神(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Triune
God</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),透過神格裡第二者</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">—</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">道,子</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">—</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的位格,在時間裡取得了人性,使神性一次而永遠地聯於人性。這就是使創造的神與受造的人有了聯合。但有別於這個理解,唐氏強烈否定道成肉身是「道進到被造的肉身之中」。他強調道成肉身乃是道「成了」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">became</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)肉身,意思是「</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">道經過一個過程以後,就在肉身中間顯現</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">」。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn37;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">他相信基督的肉身絕不是被造的,基督絕不可能取得人被造的(靈魂)和身體。他解釋說,「</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">如果祂的身體是「被造的」,那麼祂整個身體是自己造的,祂進去祂自己造的裡面;那祂到底有分受造的部分,或是受造的部分有分於祂呢?</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">」。唐氏認為若果耶穌的肉身真是祂自己創造的話,那麼,道就是進入了自己所造的肉身之中與之聯合了。這樣,道(的位格)就會受影響,有了「受造的成分」,因而基督就可按著這受造的部分而被稱作「受造者」了。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn38;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">然而,唐氏是一直維護基督只可以是「創造者」的身分,這身分絕不能被任何其他(包括受祂取的人性所威脅)。他引用羅馬書九章五節所說來引證基督一直是「創造者」的身分:「列祖就是他們的祖宗,按肉體說,基督也是從他們出來的;祂是在萬有之上,永遠可稱頌的上帝。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn39;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">事實上,這節經節前半卻清楚指明「按肉體說,基督也是從他們[人的後裔]出來的」,指明基督(肉身)人性的來源是受造的人。但唐氏似乎忽略這節的前半部,而只顧到後半部,就是基督的神性。他堅持認為假若道真的取了「人受造的肉身」,就會使基督的位格裡面有了「受造的一部分了」,因而使基督不再是那「在萬有之上,永遠可稱頌的上帝」。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn40;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">所以,唐氏總結說,「耶穌不是受造的,在基督的<u>位格</u>裡面,沒有受造的成分」。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn41;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[41]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督在肉身的範圍顯現</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">假若基督的位格裡面沒有「受造的成分」,那麼,基督位格中的人性是甚麼?耶穌給世人看到的肉身是甚麼一回事?唐氏就順此思路認為,那位成肉身的基督不過是那永恆者在被造界的「範圍」中出現而已:「</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">連祂的人性、肉身中間,還是神自己以祂無窮的大能在肉身的範圍向人顯現。祂才是我們的救主。</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn42" name="_ftnref42" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn42;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[42]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ansi-language: #7C04; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這一種「顯現」就是唐所理解的「神在肉身顯現」(提</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ansi-language: #7C04; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">前</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ansi-language: #7C04; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">三</span><span lang="" style="mso-ansi-language: #7C04; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">16</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ansi-language: #7C04; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ansi-language: #7C04; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。這裡「在肉身的範圍」是一個理解唐氏思想的鑰匙。由於唐氏認為我們不能將基督的神人二性分割處理,唐氏表明整位道成肉身的基督,連同其人性、肉身,本質上仍是屬於永恆界。祂不過來到在肉身的範圍,將那永恆者顯現給世人看到。所顯現給世人看到的基督之人性和肉身,本身不屬於受造界。唐氏闡釋這「顯現」一個發生在基督位格內變成的過程:「</span><span face="" style="mso-ansi-language: #7C04; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">道成肉身</span><span face="" lang="" style="mso-ansi-language: #7C04; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">,不是道進到被造肉身之中,而是道<u>『成』</u>肉身,是「道<u>經過一個過程</u>以後,就在肉身中間顯現」</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ansi-language: #7C04; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn43" name="_ftnref43" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn43;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="mso-ansi-language: #7C04; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[43]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="mso-ansi-language: #7C04; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #7C04;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ansi-language: #7C04; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: #7C04; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">換句話說,道成肉身事件並不是道加添了位格以外的甚麼東西(人性)到祂的神聖永恆位格中。反之,這是道在其神聖</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ansi-language: #7C04; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">位格內自我變成的過程。唐氏視這就是約翰經文中「成(</span><span lang="" style="mso-ansi-language: #7C04; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">became</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ansi-language: #7C04; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)」的意思。故此,</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">唐氏所理解基督位格中的人性不是被造的。由此,我們可以稱唐氏基督論中對基督的肉身或人性之這種理解為「非受造的肉身或人性」。唐氏展示出一種觀念,就是耶穌的肉身並不是屬於被造界的,而仍是屬於創造界的。因為整位耶穌不是受造的,所以耶穌的肉身或人性,本質上仍是神性的,是非受造的。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; 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<span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">唐氏的最後一句</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">—</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「祂才是我們的救主」</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">—</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">更反映出,他認為這種「非受造的肉身或人性」的理解對信徒是緊要的,是關乎基督徒的救恩的。這是基督徒對基督作救主身分的正確認識。按唐氏的基督論思想,假若有人接受基督的肉身或人性是「受造」的話,就使這位基督就可按著其人性被稱作「受造者」,因而使人無法接受那從基督而來的救恩了。人若接受基督的肉身或人性是「受造」的話,在唐氏眼中,就是等同「亞流異端」和「諾斯底異端」。故此,這也解釋到為何唐氏多年來不斷指控李常受的基督論是「亞流異端」和「諾斯底異端」,儘管李常受的基督論在他無數著作中都清楚表明了,「按著神性,基督是完全的神,是創造者;按著人性,基督是完全的人,是受造者。」</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn44" name="_ftnref44" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn44;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[44]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span></span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">按著唐氏「基督人性非受造」的理解,因著李氏表明基督的人性是受造的,李氏的基督論就是等同「亞流異端」和「諾斯底異端」一樣,都是來「毒害教會」的。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn45" name="_ftnref45" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn45;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[45]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">故此,唐氏認為任何人若因著基督的人性是受造的,而有任何類似的宣告:『主耶穌不但是創造者,也是受造的,有分於受造。』,也是不可接受的。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">評論</span></b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">總結而言,唐崇榮所認識的基督是一位在暫時界和受造界向人間「顯現」的永恆者基督。有別於從傳統之「神性和人性」的語言和角度理解基督,唐氏多以哲學語言和概念,如「無限」與「有限」、「絕對」與「相對」、「永恆」和「暫時」等來闡釋基督。不難發現,這些都屬於康德哲學中常用的語言和概念。唐氏指出自十八世紀德國唯心論的鼻祖康德以來,西方哲學和神學就開始排除形上學、超自然、啟示,用理性代替啟示,產生了十九世紀的新派自由神學,而二十世紀的神學就對十九世紀自由神學進行了反叛。唐氏認為基督論必須站在啟示論之上。他加入對自由神學的批判,也借用了康德哲學中常用的語言和概念,來闡釋他的基督論。這些康德哲學的語言和概念影響,可見於他的基督論,尤其是道成肉身的闡釋。他認為當耶穌基督就是神的啟示,祂的道成肉身,就是那位絕對者進入到相對界,那位永恆者進入到暫時界,那位創造者進到被造界,那位是超時間、超空間者進到時空界。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這位基督的來源是父,本質是神。唐氏認為道成肉身,就使那永恆者、創造者、絕對者進入受造界的範圍,在人間中「顯現」。祂雖然是「真正的人」,其知識、智慧和身量都增長,但僅限於祂物質的身體。基督的人性(不包含祂物質的身體)是永恆先存且不變的,是屬於永恆的創造界。祂物質的「肉身」,僅僅是那永恆者、創造者、絕對者在人間向人「顯現」出來的憑藉而已。在基督的永恆神聖位格裡面,根本從「沒有受造的成分」。儘管基督在祂的肉身或人性中,祂仍僅僅是那位永恆者、絕對者、創造者。基督的人性在本質上不是屬於人所在的被造界,而仍是屬於創造界的。不同於我們的肉身或人性,基督的肉身或人性,在本質上並非出於「人的後裔」,是不與被造界發生關係的。故此,論到基督的人性,唐氏始終迴避「被造」一詞,堅拒承認基督的人性使祂也成為受造界的一員,或增添祂為「受造者」身分。唐氏所理解之道成肉身的「顯現」,較不像正統教會傳統神與人性聯合的理解,反而更像在舊約神以人可見的形體,向人暫時的「顯現」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Theophanics</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。當那永恆者、創造者、絕對者在暫時界顯現完筆,祂就返回到祂原所屬的永恆界了。這種「顯現」讓基督看似是與我們相同的真人,其實根本不與被造界本身發生任何關係的,以致我們很難確定唐氏所說的基督之「顯現」與早期「幻影派」所說的「顯現」之區別界線是甚麼。這方面尚要很多的研究。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">唐氏堅決否認「基督裡面有被造的人性」,不僅一面暴露他對正統基督論中「二性一位格」的教義理解錯誤(正統的理解,乃是基督是百分百之真神,也是百分百之真人,而並非以「物質觀念」或「數學加法」來理解);另一面,這也使他往前陷入「基督人性非受造」論和幻影論的危險中。唐氏該書前部既指出基督論包含「反合性」的原則,但吊詭的是,唐氏在該書後部又堅拒承認那位永恆者、創造者、絕對者基督,藉著成為肉身,取了受造的人性,也成為受造者一員。若如唐氏所承認,「耶穌基督就是這個反合性真理的實體」(頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">15-16</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),為何道成肉身的耶穌基督不能同時兼有創造者(按著祂的神性)與受造者(按著祂的人性)的身分?然而,在唐氏眼中,這二重身分始終不能在基督的位格內兼容。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">正如上文所示,唐氏的基督論中心的焦點乃是一位在暫時界和受造界向人間「顯現」的永恆者。縱觀《基督論》全書,唐氏把極多的篇幅談及基督的神性、祂作為永恆的道,而僅僅偶有觸及基督的人性或基督是完全的人方面之啟示。基督的神性和人性之論述比例極不平均。的而且確,基督的神性對救恩的成就至為重要,正如奈西亞傳統抵制亞流異端中所展示的;然而,基督的人性也對救恩的成有著<u>同樣的重要性</u>。聖經清楚強調基督為了成就救恩,作我們的大祭司,不僅必須是神的兒子,祂也必須親自取了與我們人本質相同的血肉之體。希伯來書二章</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">14</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">節清楚地說:「兒女既同有血肉之體,祂也照樣親自成了血肉之體」;「祂必須在各方面和他的弟兄們相同,為了要在神的事上,成為仁慈忠信的大祭司,好為人民贖罪。(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">17</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">節),甚至祂自己也經過試探且受了苦(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">18</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">節),像我們一樣,也曾在各方面受過試探。只是祂沒有犯罪(來四</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">15</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。唐氏否定基督的人性是與我們一樣,過分地高舉基督的神性,到了一個極端而貶抑了祂真實的人性為「非受造的」和「神聖的」,這正好落在不少近代基督論學者,如</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">D.
M. Baillie</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">等人的批判中:</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「<span style="background: white; color: black;">不管怎</span></span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif;">樣,幻影論的鬼影今日仍無處不在,就是一種使基督的人性與我們非常不同,並極力將祂的人性解釋成像一種相似或『看似』,而非實在的教訓。這些神學家</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif;">畏</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif;">縮不敢承認基督這成肉身者,不敢承認祂為人的成長、人的無知、人的改變、人的掙扎和受試探。反而,視基督僅僅為一位神聖者活在屬人的身體裡,有時候甚至將祂的身體理解成本質上與我們不同的身體,而非一位活在人性心理狀態下,真真實實的人。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn46" name="_ftnref46" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn46;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[46]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Alan J. Spence</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">描述</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這類修正的幻影論仍繼續影響著當代基督論的討論。唐氏致力批判亞流異端的精神可嘉(這點李氏也同樣地批判),肯定基督源於父,有與父本質相同的神性,也是萬有的創造者,但極端至連基督真實的人性</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">—</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">祂的肉身與我們同樣地是受造的</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">—</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">也因此而被貶抑至「非受造的」,像神聖的,正好展示出當代基督論的討論。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">最後,唐氏批判「基督人性受造」的觀點屬於「亞流異端」和「諾斯底異端」:「</span><span face="" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">耶穌有受造的一部分,這是亞流的異端,是諾斯底主義的異端,是李常受的異端來毒害教會</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">」。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn47" name="_ftnref47" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn47;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[47]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">然而,在現場問答環節,以及編輯本書之時,唐氏均沒有作任何闡釋,為何「基督人性受造」的觀點就是屬於「亞流異端」和「諾斯底異端」。此實乃為一大粗疏、極</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">不</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">負責任的表現。事實上,亞流主義將基督僅僅視為一位在萬有之先的第一位受造物,並不與父有相同本質的神性,乃屬於一種<u>否認基督的神性之異端觀點</u>;而諾斯底主義則將基督視為一位從天上而來的拯救者,與歷史中為人的耶穌本質並不相關,乃屬於一種<u>否認基督的人性之異端觀點</u>。從基督論的角度而言,這兩種異端是完全對立的,不可能同時存在於同一個基督論系統中。連華人神學家楊慶球也指出了這明顯和顯淺的事實:「</span><span face="" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">正統教會的基督論,奠定了基督教二千年的信仰,今日大部分異端都重蹈早期教會的覆轍,一是認耶穌的神性,否認祂的人性,一是認祂的人性,否認祂與上帝同質」</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftn48" name="_ftnref48" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn48;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">[48]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">唐氏究竟是如何得出「基督人性受造的觀點」同時地否認基督的神人二性—既視基督僅既否認基督的神性,又同時否認基督的人性;既承認僅僅為受造物,又是從天上而的拯救者?唐氏從出版該書以來超過二十年以來,均沒有作出任何回應。唐氏只有不斷公開地將異端之名扣在別人身上,又不加說明。筆者以事論事,力求</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; text-indent: 24pt;">不以主觀立場,而</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; text-indent: 24pt;">從客觀事實,從唐氏自己之言來評論。唐氏這裡的批評讓讀者感受他的批判是極之輕忽、隨意、粗疏的,不負責任的,是不根據事實而誣蔑他人的。</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; text-indent: 24pt;">這樣的結果,只會破壞別人的名聲,</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; text-indent: 24pt;">造成基督身體的受損(弗四<span lang="">12</span>~<span lang="">16</span>),也大大削弱唐氏自己教導的可靠性。</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; text-indent: 24pt;">筆者呼籲各界看清楚唐氏的基督論內容,以及唐氏作為牧者的行事為人和個人品格。</span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5-10</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">15-16</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">12-13</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">16</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">17</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">19</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">20</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">23</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">27-28</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">32</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">34</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">34-35</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">35</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">36-41</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">41-43</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">47-48</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">53-57</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">57-58</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">58-59</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">60-64</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">67-71</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">71-77</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">77-80</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">80-85</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">85-97</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">103-104</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">100-102</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">107-113</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">121-122</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[32]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">122-141</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">142</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn34;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">144-147</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn35;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">151-152</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn36;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">161</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn37" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn37;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">161</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn38;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">161-162</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref39" name="_ftn39" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn39;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">161-162</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref40" name="_ftn40" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn40;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">162</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref41" name="_ftn41" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn41;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[41]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">162</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref42" name="_ftn42" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn42;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[42]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">162</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref43" name="_ftn43" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn43;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">[43]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"> </span><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">頁</span><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">161</span><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref44" name="_ftn44" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn44;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[44]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">161-162</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref45" name="_ftn45" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn45;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[45]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">161-162</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref46" name="_ftn46" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn46;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[46]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
Donald] Macpherson Baillie. <i>God Was in Christ: An Essay on Incarnation and
Atonement</i> (London: Faber & Faber Limited, 1961), </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">p.11, quoted by Alan J. Spence,<b> </b><i>Christology:
A Guide for the Perplexed</i> (Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 2009)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">.</span><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref47" name="_ftn47" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn47;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[47]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">161</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Stephen%20Tong%20Writing%20Project%20%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83/%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD%E5%94%90%E5%B4%87%E6%A6%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96_v7.docx#_ftnref48" name="_ftn48" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn48;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[48]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">楊慶球,</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast;">《</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">與會系統神學:真理與信仰體驗的整理</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast;">》,增訂版</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(香港:中國神學研究院,</span><span lang="">2007</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),頁</span><span lang="">126</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-69332988462294749532018-02-14T16:57:00.004-08:002020-08-30T16:10:48.164-07:00重探「基督人性非受造」論的來歷和發展: 看「屬天肉身」基督論在華人教會的復辟<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><div><span style="font-family: , serif;"> </span>湃 恩</div></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">摘</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">要</span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">:</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14pt; margin: 0cm 30pt 0cm 24pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-para-margin-left: 2.0gd; mso-para-margin-right: 2.5gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">近年,華人基督教中出現一種對正統基督論的錯解,認為基督的人性乃是非受造的</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。從神學思想歷史脈絡來看,華人教會近年的「基督人性非受造」論可以追溯至改革時期士閔克非版本的「屬天肉身」基督論,以及在初期教會的原始版本「一性說」和「幻影說」。他們的目標都是為了強調基督的神性而損害了祂的人性,教導一種不完全或不真實的基督人性。本文旨在</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">先</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">從歷史研究的進路</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">重新探索「屬天肉身」基督論的來歷和發展史</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,看它如何從教會歷史起頭,一直以「變種」的方式「復活」,又不斷被判定異端。然後</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">,</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">分析</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">華人教會近代的「基督人性非受造論」跟「屬天肉身」論的相同和差異,從而證明從</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">神學關注</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">、</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">理據</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">和影</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">響</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">來看</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,它</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">是「屬天肉身」論的延續和發展。</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「基督人性非受造」論繼承了亞波里拿留的「一性說」及「幻影說」傾向,且在「屬天肉身」說的基礎上,發展成基督的人性是基督「自取的」、是永恆地「</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">先存</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">」</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督位格內,以及是「獨一無二的」。這是今日</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">華人教會中「基督人性非受造」</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的基督論,在神學思想上突破以往異端的地方。然而,按照大公正統以及改革家的觀點,它仍不脫基督人性的異端觀點。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; 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<b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">關鍵詞</span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">:</span></b><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督論</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">、</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">屬天肉身</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">、</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督人性非受造</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">、基督一性說、幻影說</span><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">言</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">近年,華人基督教中出現一種對正統基督論的錯解,認為基督的人性乃是非受造</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的(或</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">是非受造</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的及</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">永恆的</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,可稱作「基督人性非受造」論。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這錯解漸漸有擴散且牢固的趨勢。去年(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">2015</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,美國改革宗圈子已留意到在華人教會中,尤其中國大陸改革宗圈子,這錯解的基督論「已經深深的扎根於中國欣欣向榮的改革宗群體這塊肥沃的土壤之中」,甚至「有些人還相信這就是正統改革宗的基督論」。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">儘管近年中國改革宗學術界漸有文章陳明這「基督人性非受造」論且指出其錯誤,惜收效甚微。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「日光之下無新事」。不難發現,這「基督人性非受造」論並非突然冒起,而是在教會歷史中不斷以不同面貌或詭</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">辯</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">重現。正統信仰雖然已表明道成肉身的奧祕,即我們的救主耶穌基督,祂是完全的神,也是完全的人,但關於祂肉身(人性</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的來源和本質這一點,多個世紀以來仍在不斷引起辯論。從神學思想歷史脈絡來看,華人教會近年的「基督人性非受造」論可以追溯至改革時期士閔克非版本的「屬天肉身」基督論(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Heavenly Flesh Christology</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">或稱</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「屬天身體」,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Celestial Body</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),以及在初期教會的原始版本「基督一性說」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Monophysitism</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">和「幻影說」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Docetism</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。他們的目標都是為了強調基督的神性而損</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">害</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">了祂的人性,教導一種不完全或不真實的基督人性,結果違犯了歷代教會所一直守護之道成肉身的奧祕,損毁了道成肉身所帶給人類救恩的福音。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">本文旨在從歷史研究的進路進行神學思想發展比較。先</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">按</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">前尼西亞、後尼西亞和改革運動三段時期,重新探索「屬天肉身」基督論的來歷和發展史,看它如何從教會歷史起頭,一直以「變種」的方式「復活」,又不斷被判定</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">為</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">異端。然後再看這「屬天肉身」論之現代版本</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">—</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「基督人性非受造」論</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">—</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在華人教會的復辟之趨勢。最後,本文展示華人教會近代的「基督人性非受造論」跟「屬天肉身」論的相同和差異,從而指出它是「屬天肉身」論的延續和發展。本文是「探討華人教會近年基督人性非受造論」系列文章的第一篇。以後將陸續從聖經與傳統關係、聖經詮釋、大公會議與信經、教會歷史各異端爭論等,來深度分析華人教會近年「基督人性非受造」論這</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">種</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">錯解</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督論</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">所產生的成因,以及所帶來的神學影響。筆者冀望世界各地信徒持守著聖經的啟示,幫助華人教會端本清源,看見這</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">種</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">錯解</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督論</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的來歷和發展,並匡</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">正</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">華人教會,重返大公教會正統之正軌。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">一</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">、重探屬天肉身基督論的來歷和發展</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(一)前尼西亞前時期</span></b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1.
</span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">幻影說</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">第一世紀末葉,隨著原始諾斯底主義(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Proto-Gnosticism</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)和希</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">臘</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">哲學侵入教會,有一派人不相信基督真實地是從肉身而來。約翰福音書和書信的寫作</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">動機</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">之一,也是為駁斥這派的觀點(約壹四</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">2–3</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,約貮</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">7</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。這派有一種很強烈的二元觀,認為物質是邪惡的,故</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">那</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">來救贖人類的基督就不可能有著與我們相同的肉身。基督被人所看見的肉身其實不是真實的,只是看似真實,猶如幻像。這派對基督人性的謬</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">論</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">被教父</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">們</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">斥之為幻影說(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">D</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">ocetism</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)異端,這名稱可能源自古希臘字</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">dokeō</span></i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,原意是看見(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">to appear</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)或看似(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">to seem</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。大多的幻影派說法乃是,這位基督一直是一位「屬靈的基督」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Spiritual Christ</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),「屬天的救贖者」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Heavenly redeemer</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。基督在受浸時進到為人的耶穌裏面,穿上這身體作為偽裝(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">disguise</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),而在釘十字架之前,就離開了祂。</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">故此,</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">耶穌的幻影身驅成功騙過撒但,使他以為他已經將神釘死。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">安提阿的以格那丟(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Ignatius of Antioch</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,公元</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">35–108</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)駁斥他們,堅持基督有一個<b><i>物質的出生</i></b>,帶著「肉身」在十字架受苦、死和復活。若<b><i>「屬肉的基督」(</i></b></span><b><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">F</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">leshly Christ</span></i></b><b><i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span></i></b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">沒有復活,我們的人性就不可能被變化。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">幻影派由於在本質上已看物質是邪惡的,故認為基督根本從未有一個物質的身體。為要避免將基督「貶低」到一個地步而有分於肉體,</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">確保</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督是完全</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">神聖的</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">」</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,幻影派就犠牲基督的人性來確保基督與物質是沒有關係的,結果發展出一種基督的人性不真實,不過是像幻影般出現的基督論。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">2.
</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">諾斯底的華倫提努派</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Hlk506390052"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在第二世紀</span></a><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">教會所面臨異端之一乃是<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Hlk506390086">華倫提努派(</a></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Valentinians</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。華倫提努派是<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Hlk506390072">基督教諾斯底派中對大公教會最具影響力的一支,</a>他們繼承了第一世紀的幻影式基督論。根據特土良(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">T</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">ertullian</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">155–240</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)記載,華倫提努(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Valentinus</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">100–160</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)長大及求學於亞歷山大,後來在</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">36</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">至</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">140</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年間到了羅馬,在失落羅馬主教之位後開創他的學派。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在華倫提努的諾斯底式系統裡,宇</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">宙</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">至高的、不為人知、萬有的父的獨一位格神稱作「普累若麻」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Pleroma</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,意豐滿),從這獨一個體「發散」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">emanates</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">著許多不同神性程度的靈,稱作「愛安」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">A</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">eons</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。基督</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">/</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">洛格斯(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Logos</span></i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)是宇宙三十位愛安之中的蘇菲亞(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Sophia</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)的兒子。對華倫提努派而言,基督的神性來自愛安</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">所</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">接受</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">普累若麻</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">發散的神性。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">根據在</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">《</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">拿戈瑪第經集》(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Nag Hammadi library</span></i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)中相信是華倫</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">提</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">努派著作的</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">《</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">真理福音》(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Gospel of Truth</span></i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),基督並非從道成肉身而來,而是從「父」豐滿的天上世界(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">celestial world</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">而來。基督來不是要按照父神的旨意作人類的贖罪祭,而是要喚醒遺忘了「父」的「知識」(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">gnosis</span></i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)的人類,使他們得到啟蒙而得救。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">對於基督人性的來源,按特土良描述,華倫提努派認為基督從童女馬利亞出生,就像從「穿過水管」一樣,<b><i>基督並沒有從馬利亞的肉身取得甚麼</i></b>。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">同樣地,根據愛任紐(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Irenaeus</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">30–202</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)在</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">《</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">駁異端》(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Against Heresies</span></i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)的描述,對於基督的人性,華倫提努派說,「那由馬利亞而來的,乃是<b><i>有時間性的耶</i></b></span><b><i><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">穌</span></i></b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,而那稱為基督的救主,從上降在她身上,並且祂將祂的權能和名分與耶</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">穌</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">分享,這樣,耶穌乃把死權毁壞,而天父乃由那降下的救主啟示出</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">來</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">了。所以,他們口中雖承認一位基督耶穌,但其意義卻與</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">我們</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">不同。因為正如我們曾说,他們相信,那被『獨生者』差來建立充實境界的是一位,那差遣來榮耀天父的救主又是一位,那有時間性的受難者另是一位。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">因此,根據兩位教父的描述,華倫提努派<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Hlk506390111">相信基督和耶穌是兩位。基督並沒有從馬利亞取得人性,祂的神性只是降在馬利的腹中,借用耶穌的人性當作祂看似祂的人性。基督本質上其實從沒有從馬利亞身上取得人性。在華倫提努派眼中,這位</a></span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">救主</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督一直是「屬天的」。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">3.
</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">護教士的回應</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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</span></b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">護教士特土良在他的《論基督的肉體》(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">On the Flesh of Christ</span></i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)中駁斥華倫</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">提</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">努的基督論,指出他們因唯恐基督會被人認為微小,就拒絕基督的人性是屬地的,是被造的:「當我讀到一些華倫</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">提</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">努的卑鄙宗派作家時,他們唯恐主被人認為比天使微小,而天使不是由屬地的血肉所造的,就此一開始就拒絕相信<b><i>基督的人性和屬地的本質是被造的</i></b>。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">另一護教士愛任紐也窮半生力抗諾斯底主義,尤其是華倫提努派。對愛任紐來說,救贖者基督就是那位創造萬有的神,而基督的道成肉身更是整個救贖的關鍵。神的兒子(道)必須成為有血有肉的人,真實經歷人性生活,才能拯救與恢復墮落的人性。他以他的「萬有歸一」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">recapitulation</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">,意『重新作頭』)之說來駁斥華倫</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">提</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">努,認為基督的救贖乃是給人性提供新的起頭:</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">「主在自己身上重演始祖(愛氏引羅五</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">19</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">),正如始祖亞當的身體是處女而來,而為神的手及神的道所造成,照樣道本身,即在自己身上重演亞當,乃<b><i>從童女馬利亞誕生,而有亞當的人性</i></b>。若是頭一個亞當有一個人作他的父,才有理由說第二個亞當為</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">約</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">瑟所生。但若頭一個亞當是由神用塵土造成,那在自己身上重演所造的人,也就理當有同樣的生。那麼神為何不再用塵土,卻叫耶</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">穌</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">由馬利亞所生呢?這是為要避免另外有一個創造,和另外一個需要得救贖的,所以祂重演了原來的創造,從頭至末保存了相似之處。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">愛任紐認為,基督</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">為了</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">能拯救亞當的族類,</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">祂</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">必須重演亞當的歷史。基督必須從馬利亞而生而取得亞當的人性。基督人性的來源必須是來自人</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">—</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">馬利亞,而非另外來源或另外創造,如此,祂才能成為第二亞當,重覆且扭</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">轉第一亞當作為人的失敗,恢復人原初「神的形像」,更使人藉分享祂的新人性,成為新族類。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">4.
</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">小結</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">對於幻影派和華倫提努派為代表的諾斯底派而言,他們的基督論共通點都是由於</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">視</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">物質本質</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">為</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「低級的」、邪惡的,故為了強調基督是「屬天的」、是一個<b><i>「屬靈的存有」(</i></b></span><b><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Spiritual Being</span></i></b><b><i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span></i></b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,就在本質上就否定基督人性真實存在</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">可能,</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">他們也因此無需處理基督人性來源的問題。他們之基督論的關注都是怕受造的物質或受造的人性,會貶</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">低</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督的整個身分,以致要犠牲基督肉身的真實性,來「提高」基督的身分。華倫提努派雖承認基督是由馬利亞而生,但仍否定基督從馬利亞取得任何人性本質,以確保救主絕不有分於墮落人類的人性</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">從</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">而有分於罪。</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">可以說,華倫替努派和幻影派均力求使救主的肉身是「屬天的」,但使徒後教父和護教父則堅持救主的肉身是「屬地的」和「屬肉的」的。</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">原則上,華倫提努派的基督論仍屬幻影論。儘管經過第一、二世紀的使徒後教父和護教士</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">努力,這種「幻影論」的傾向並未在教會中間消失過。它從起頭就一直纏擾著歷代教會。</span><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(二)後尼西亞前時期</span></b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1.
</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督一性論</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">第四世紀起</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督一性</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">論(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Mono</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">physitism</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">開始活躍於東</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">方教</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">會</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">尤其在亞歷山大學派中間,其</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">起源可以追溯到</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">亞</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">波里拿留(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Apollinaris</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">–390</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。他是亞他那修(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Athanasius</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)的朋友。從亞流爭論開始起,也一直是亞流主義</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">堅決反對者,竭力支持子與父是同質的</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">homoousion</span></i><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。他關注的問題是救恩。為此,他要致力要維護基督完整的神性</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,以及</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">神人二性在基督位格內的統一性(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Unity/Singularity</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。他認為救恩就是人在聖餐中分享基督「神化(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">apotheosized</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)的肉身」,使人性因著與神聖的「道」聯合而聖化。對亞波里拿留而言,基督若不是完全的神,就不足以拯救人。基督若要是完全的神,祂的人性必是被取到祂的神性內,以致</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">祂</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">成為人可以敬拜的對象。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">他從基督只有一個位格的角度批評</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">當時</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">安提阿學派(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Antiochene School</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)二元式的基督論(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Dyophysitism</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),反對神人二性並存於基督位格內,認為這等同是「宣告在基督裡面有兩個理性靈魂」。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">他</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">363</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年寫給</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">皇帝</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">約維安(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Iovianus</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">332–364</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)的信內說︰「(在基督裡)並非存有兩個本性,一是受敬拜,另一是不受敬拜;在成為肉身之神的道裡面,是只有一性的(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">mia physis</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">, one nature</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)」。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">亞波里拿留擔心,在基督位格內,「假如與基督的神性並存的只是普通的人性,那麼道成肉身的首要目的</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">──</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">勝過罪惡,就不會在祂身上成就了」。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在亞波里拿留眼中,道跟人受造的理性</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">靈</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">魂</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">rational mind, <i>nous</i></span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">同為主導和管理一個位格的部分(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">self-determining principle</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">故</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">二者不能</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">共</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">存,否則會影響位格的統一性,產生「兩個子」:「神子」和「人子」。另外,人的理性</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">靈</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">魂的存在</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督位格內</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,也會影</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">響</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">使基督有犯罪的可能。故此,為了維護</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">完整的神性和位格的統一性,亞波里拿留就否認在基督的人性裡,具有一個人受造的理性</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">靈</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">魂,而主張由道(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">L</span></i><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">ogos</span></i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,即</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">神聖理性(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">divine mind</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)所</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">取代。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">亞流爭論中,東方教父首要關注的基本問題是:若神格永</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">恆</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">不改變,祂是如何成為肉身?</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">對於如何理解道成肉身的事件,亞波里拿留一再地強調道是那位先存的神聖者,</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">而</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">道成肉身是神自己取了肉身,從天上降到人裡面。祂雖然從馬利亞而生,但並不是在馬利亞裡面成肉身,而只是<b><i>暫時地經過她</i></b>。祂一直是那位永存者,而在肉身中顯現。童女感孕的描述在亞氏的著作中,並</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">非</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">佔亞氏基督論的中心。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">亞波里拿留認為這樣解釋基督的神人二性,可表明基督的思想是完全神聖的(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">fully divine</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),不會受罪惡的影響,基督就</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">被確保</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">沒有犯罪的可能。不但如此</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在基督位格裡</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">沒有人受造的理性靈魂</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督可以說保證是創造者了,以表示救贖必須來自神自己。救贖者耶穌基督不是低於神的</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">中介者,祂是與其他所有人有所區別,是獨特的。如此,他認為</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">就</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">有效防止了伊便尼主義(嗣子論)和亞流主義。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">2.
</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">迦帕多加教父的回應</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">亞氏的說法雖然看似鞏固了基督救贖的能力,另一面卻使基督喪失了人受造的理性</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">靈</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">魂。這意味否定了基督真正體驗過我們人性的掙扎,</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">否定了基督是人</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">類</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的真</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">實性</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,也意味</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">著否定墮落</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的人</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">類無法</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">得到救</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">贖</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,因</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">為沒有</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">一</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">個</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">真正的</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">人為墮落的人類</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">而死。</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">亞波里拿留的說法引起大公教會的駁斥,如</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">拿先斯</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的貴格利(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Gregory of Nazianzus</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">329–390</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)反駁說:「祂[基督]所沒有取的[部分],就沒有被醫治。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這意思是說,基督若沒有取得人受造的理性魂,我們的人受造的理性魂就無法被醫治。我們不可能為守護中保基督的獨特性而移除祂人的靈魂。基督必須取得人完全的人性,包括人的肉身和靈魂,祂才能經驗人從出生到死亡之生存的每一部分和每一面。對亞氏的觀點,迦帕多迦教父們認為:道在成肉身時所取的是一個完整的人性,是包括人的理性靈魂。基督必須如此才能成為人類的救贖者和原型(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">pattern</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。亞氏因過分地否認了基督位格內存在兩個位格(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">the existence of two persons</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),以致也否認了<b><i>兩個本性</i></b>(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">the existence of two natures</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)的存在。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基於亞氏對道成肉身的理解,女撒的貴格利(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Gregory of Nyssa</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">335–394</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">認為亞氏的觀點其實偏向了</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">變</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">種</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「幻影說」:將基督的神性蓋過祂的人性而成為一性。這樣,基督就沒有真實地進入世界。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">亞氏的錯誤在於,人若要得著完全的拯救,不僅基督固然必須是完全的神,但基督也必須取得真實的、完全的人性,「凡事與弟兄一樣」,一種與人性完全的認同,才能把人救贖過來。亞氏的觀點在公元</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">381</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年的君士坦丁堡會議上被定異端。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">3.
</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">一性傾向的陰魂不散</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">亞波里拿留主義的一性傾向,一直纏擾著東方教會。在第五世紀初也發展出另一種的一性論</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">—</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「歐迪奇主義」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Eutychianism</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。歐迪奇(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">E</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">utyches</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">3</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">80</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">-</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">456</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)為了針對聶斯多留主義,提出一種基督論,認為在基督一個位格內,神人二性完全溶化在一起成為一種第三性,結果使自己墮進亞波里拿留主義一性的陷阱。公元</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">451</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">迦克墩</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">會議一面宣告基督擁有「人的理性</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">靈</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">魂」</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">來</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">駁斥亞波里拿留主義,也宣告基督神人二性「不相混合」來駁斥「歐迪奇主義」;另一方面也試圖以宣告「一個位格」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">one <i>hypostasis</i></span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)來說服「</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督一性</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">論」者拋</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">棄</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">其一性說。</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">但</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">最後</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">以失</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">敗</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">告</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">終。埃及、埃塞俄比亞(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">E</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">thiopia</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)、敘</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">利亞</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">、亞美尼亞等教會不接受迦克墩界說,東方教會隨後開始分裂。迦克墩以後,一性傾向還未從教會徹底清理。「基督一性論」者為嘗試修訂迦克墩界說,在第七世紀將它發展成「基督一能論」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Monoenergism</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">—</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">承認基督有神人二性,但只有一個神聖能量(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">e</span></i><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">nergeia</span></i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),以及「基督一志論」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">M</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">onothelitism</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">—</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">承認基督有神人二性,但只有一個神聖意志(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">divine will</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這兩種說法可視為「半基督一性論」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">S</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">emi-monophysitism</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),也共同在</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">680</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">至</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">681</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">第六次</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">大公會議上正式</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">被</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">讉責為異端</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">4.
</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">小結</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">亞波里拿留之基督論的關注是救恩。可惜,為了保證人類獲得完全的救恩,採取了幻影論的思考方向。儘管亞波里拿留和他的跟隨者</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">曾</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">承認救主是從馬利亞而生,並從馬利亞取得了人性,但這人性是一個不完全的人性,只有人的身體和感性靈魂,而沒有人的理性靈魂。他們不自覺地跌入了幻影論的基督論:為了強調基督的神性並犠牲祂的人性,以保證人類的救恩。結果,這使基督的人性不完全、不真實。亞波里拿留的基督論也可算是一種幻影式的基督論。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(三)</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">改革運動時期</span></b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1.
</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">士閔克非的屬天肉身論</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">士閔克非(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Casper Schwenckfeld</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1489–1561</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)與路德同時代,為改教運動時代中「屬靈派」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">S</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">piritualists</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)的始創人。「屬靈派」通常被教會歷史學者歸入為「激進宗教改革」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">R</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">adical Reformation</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)的一支。激進宗教改革者提倡一種比當時主流改教者如路德、慈運理及加爾文,更激烈、更徹底的改革。「屬靈派」乃激進宗教改革中的主觀主義者,他們強調聖靈內在生命光照(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">inner light</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。對屬靈派而言,聖靈在生命裏內在光照比教會傳統,甚至比客觀權威的聖經更重要。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">士閔克非著名於開創出一種「屬天肉身」的基督論。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">他雖然承認耶穌的肉身是來自馬利亞,但是「基督無論在祂的人性和神性裡<i>均是神的兒</i>子<i>,均以神作祂的父</i>。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">他認為基督的人性是一個「無罪且得榮耀」的人性:在成肉身時</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">,基督</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">所取</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">的人性</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">是無罪的。當基督在地上生活工作時,祂的人性一步步地被「神化」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">d</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">ivinized</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">),就從出生時的卑微改變到復活後得榮耀。</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督在十字架上受苦時,</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">祂</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">是以祂的神性和人性來忍受;而祂在復活後,祂得榮耀的人性便與祂的神性無法分開,甚至消失在神性之中。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">士閔克非的</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">觀點是由於</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">他</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">關心的問題是人如何成為屬靈(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">s</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">pirituality</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">)或神化(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">deification</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">)的問題。他認為基督人性</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">的</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">來源必須是神聖的(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">divine</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">),人類才能像基督同樣得榮耀(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">g</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">lorified</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">)或成為神聖的。藉著祂的肉身被屬靈化(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">s</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">piritualized</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">)、復活,並得榮耀,基督就能吸引人類歸向祂以致成為屬靈的(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">spiritual</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">)。按士閔克非的理解,唯有透過基督「屬天肉身」一說,才能保障基督對信徒屬靈的影嚮是從天上來的。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">士閔克非的「屬天肉身」基督論與他的聖餐觀有關。他自</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1519</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年加入德國改革運動起,觀察到當時會眾的道德低落,就漸漸懷疑基督的肉身真實地存在聖餐之中。他看聖餐中的餅只是象徵那看不見基督天上的肉身(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">celestial body</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">他認為真正的聖餐並不是一種外在的儀式,而是内在、屬靈的吃屬天的糧,就是基督屬天的肉身。這種「屬靈的吃」使參與者有分於基督神聖的性情,而被變化像基督,可以去愛神愛人,實行基督的命令。士閔克非不贊同路德從法律的角度解釋稱義的信心,他提出從生命的角度理解信心。他認為在聖餐中,參與者運用信心,就能吃到基督這屬天的糧。信徒越吃基督,他們的信心就越增長。當信徒藉著吃而與基督聯合時,就會使他們漸漸被神化(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">d</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">eified</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),提昇他們的道德生活水平。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[32]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">2.
</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">否定人性與受造性必然等同</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">士閔克非可算第一位<b><i>否定人性與受造性(</i></b></span><b><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">creaturehood</span></i></b><b><i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)關係必然是等同的</span></i></b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。他認為凡是人都必定有血有肉,但並非凡人都是受造物,因為受造物是指他</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(它)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">是被</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">他者</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">造出來,而非指</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(它)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">他的本身的本質(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">nature</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">e</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">ssence</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">士閔克非</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">視聖(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">holiness</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)的意思就是與任何受造之物有別。士閔克非把這區分運用在基督的人性上。他認為基督的人性雖是真實的,但這人性卻非受造的。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">他說:「沒有受造物能照著祂的本質成為聖的,因為我們知道真正的聖,必不是來自受造之物的工作,而是在恩典裡,從其出生、本質和素質都是來自神的」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。他看基督的人性是由父給祂的。基督只是經馬利亞「生」出來,而非「被造」。若基督的人性是由馬利亞而得,祂就擁有一個有罪受造物的特性,祂就不能在神面前代表我們。基督<b><i>照著祂的人性</i></b>,降生成人時已是神的兒子。因此,基督並非一個受造物。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">對士閔克非而言,受造性和神兒子的身分,正如靈和物質、天和地,是互不相容的(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">mutually exclusive</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。對於基督的位格,他直言:「簡言之,神和受造物在一個位格內不能容許彼此的存在」。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">他於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1528</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年開始宣言「受造物」這形容詞不能應用在升天之基督的人性上,只能應用在耶穌在地上為人的一段日子上。至</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1538</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年,就連在地上的耶穌他也認為不可再稱為「受造物」。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">士閔克非於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1538</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年在他〈關於道成肉身〉(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">From</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
the incarnation of Christ</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">一文中斷言,「為人的耶穌基督<b><i>不是受造物</i></b>,而該照著福音,稱為至高者的兒子,神的兒子,以馬內利。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">從士閔克非看,基督若是神的兒子,祂就不可能是受造物。然而,若是基督所擁有的人性是屬天的、非受造的,則基督就能夠是既是一個人卻又不是一個受造物。他認為「屬天肉身」基督論能夠避免墮入亞流的陷</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">阱</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,解決亞流的問題。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">3.
</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">瑞士改革宗的回應</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">鑒於士閔克非所教導的「屬天肉身」及「人性非受造」的基督論,刺激了許多改革家大力駁斥。</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">在</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">改革運動時期,主流改革家</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">mainstreamed reformers</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">一面反對中世紀羅馬</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">教會</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的傳統,另一面也反對</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">激進改革者</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">對大公傳統的輕</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">忽</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">主流改革家</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">則重視初期大公教會傳統的信仰立場,</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在基督論上</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">認同迦克墩的基督論。</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">慈運理的繼</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">承</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">者瑞士改革宗的布塞爾(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Heinrich Bullinger</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1504</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">–1575</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">)於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1539</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">年出版了</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Orthodoxa Epistola</span></i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">,反駁士閔克非的基督論,他堅持基督按祂的人性,全然是一個受造物。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[41]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; 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</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">他於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1564</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">年所撰寫,最代表瑞士改革宗慈運理派立場的</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">《</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">第二瑞士信條》(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Second Helvetic Confession</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">),仍在駁斥士閔克非,認定基督是真人,擁有真實的肉身:「</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">…</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">因我們既不想也不教導說,在基督得榮之後,他的身體就不再是一個真身體,或說這身體被神化,並身體神化後就將身體的成份脫掉,完全成為神的性質了,並成為單獨的本質;因此我們不接受士閔克斐詭譎、複雜、暗昧與矛盾的爭論,以及其他類似關於此問題的爭論者;我們也不贊成士閔克非的見解。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn42" name="_ftnref42" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[42]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">布靈格的跟隨者斯姆勒(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Josias Simmler</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1530</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">–</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1576</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">)亦指責士閔克非和他的跟隨者,誤用了教父反駁亞流的論據來支持他們自己異端的論述,去否定基督的肉身是受造的。他們所作的正如從前基督一性論者所作的。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn43" name="_ftnref43" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[43]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">4.
</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">路德的回應</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">在德國,路德於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1540</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">年也寫了</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">《</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">關乎基督之神性與人性的辯論》(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Disputation on the Divinity and Humanity of Christ</span></i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">)一文來反駁士閔克非的基督論。路德在第一部分立論</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">中</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">指出「屬性相通」(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">communicatio
</span></i><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">idiomatum</span></i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">)的結果乃是:「凡是屬人的東西[即屬性,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">properties</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">]亦可用以描寫神;反過來說,凡是屬神的東西都可用以描寫人。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn44" name="_ftnref44" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[44]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">路德</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">認為</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">只要不將這原則延伸至與人性有關比較抽象的名詞(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">abstract noun</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">),我們仍可以說「這人創造世界」,又可以說「這位神受苦,受死,被埋」等。故此,路德</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">說</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">:「因這緣故,有人能大膽的說︰『基督是受造之物』,因為明顯的,基督是被造的。」路德繼續駁斥士閔克非說:當我們說基督照著的人性可稱為『受造物』,士閔克非以其蛙兵鼠將(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">batarchomyomachis</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">)愚昧地嘲笑我們。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn45" name="_ftnref45" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[45]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">他在第二部分指責士閔克非派總是扭曲正統信仰中對「基督是受造物」的理解,總是扭</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">曲教父們的話</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">。路德說:「我們沒有說基督僅僅是一個受造者,我們是說是神,又是人,並且只有一個身位。兩性在祂位格裡聯而為一,並沒有兩個聖子、兩位審判人的、兩位耶穌,基於兩性的一致並其不能分離的合一,在這兩性間有屬性的相通。故此,屬於一性的東西也可同時應用(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">attributed</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">)於另一性,因為在身上只有一個位格。」「我們是說基督<b><i>就著的人性</i></b>是受造者,但照著的神性是創造者。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn46" name="_ftnref46" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[46]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">在第三部分,對於士閔克非詭辯地否認基督人性受造的說法,路德均一一反駁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif;">,</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">包括士閔克非指,「沒有受造物是可受敬拜的。基督是可受敬拜的,故此基督不是受造之物。」路德反駁說:「凡敬拜基督之人性的,並不是僅以作為受造者而敬拜之,而是同時以作為創造者而敬拜之。基本的點是<b><i>二性的聯合</i></b>。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn47" name="_ftnref47" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[47]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">士閔克非又稱:「假若基督僅在人性里是受造者,而不是純粹的是受造者,那就是說,在基督里有一些東西是沒有參與二性聯合的。換句話說,在基督里有一些東西不是神聖的。」路德再反駁:「基督不是純粹是受造者,基督徒的確宣稱基督<b><i>照著的人性</i></b>說是受造者。故此,人性是不能與神性獨立,分開來描寫的。基督的人性<b><i>不是一個位格,乃是一個性質</i></b>。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn48" name="_ftnref48" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[48]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">路德認為他必須作出這樣的反駁,以指引並保護教會,維護基督二性一位格的教義,避免</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">教會</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">受到士閔克非的基督論所破壞。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn49" name="_ftnref49" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[49]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">5.
</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">小結</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">士閔克非於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1541</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年出版</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">《</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">基督之榮耀的偉大認信</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">》</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Great Confession on the Glory of Christ</span></i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)重申他的「屬天肉身」基督論。書中他和他的跟隨者稱自稱為「基督的榮耀之認信者」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Confessors of the Glory of Christ</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn50" name="_ftnref50" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[50]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">然而,由於士閔克非認為得榮耀之基督的人性與祂的神性無法分開,他的基督論始終被路德指責為歐迪奇主義,即基督的人性被神性所吞沒成為只有一性,否認了基督完全人性的異端,使基督的人性與我們的不同。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn51" name="_ftnref51" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[51]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">士閔克非的基督論和聖餐觀同樣不為路德及瑞士改革宗所接受。士閔克非創造出「屬天肉身</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">—</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">非受造人性」基督論,他以為自己解決了亞流的問題,並常指責他人中了「亞流的毒」。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn52" name="_ftnref52" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[52]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">然而,因為他在「創造</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">–</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">受造」的分界線間,建立了一種「非受造的人性」,就像亞流建立了一種「受造的神性」,不幸地使他自己不自覺地也成了「類亞流」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Quasi-Arian</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">6.
</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">重浸派領袖「屬天肉身」論的發展</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">賀夫曼</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">宏觀來看,士閔克非對激進宗教改革的影</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">響</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">不大,但他的「屬天肉身論」,卻影響了後來</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">16</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">世紀後半其他激進改教者(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Radical reformers</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),如賀夫曼(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Melchior Hoffman</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1495–1543</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)、賀夫曼的跟隨者迪克</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">·</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">腓力斯(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Dirk Philips</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1504–1568</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)和</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">門諾</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">·</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">西門</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Menno Simons</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1496–1561</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">等人的基督論。這些激進改教者雖然表面上接受正統的三一論和基督的神人二性,但他們對基督人性的看法往往被主流和許多激進改教家視為異端。對於基督人性的來源,門諾和腓力斯教導耶</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">穌</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的人性並非來自馬利亞。這樣的教導是來自賀夫曼,而賀夫曼或許是從士閔克非那裡接受了其「屬天肉身」論啟發。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn53" name="_ftnref53" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[53]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">賀夫曼是一位平信徒傳道者,沒有經過神學訓練。他是重浸派中首位開始探索基督人性的來源。他認為:「我們聽過了所有<b><i>亞當的後裔</i></b>,不論男的、女或、童女,都是受咒詛,並永遠滅亡。現在,<b><i>若耶穌基督也有這肉身</i><i>,也是出於這後裔的話</i></b></span><b><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">…</span></i></b><b><i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,則救贖就無法成就</span></i></b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,因亞當後裔乃是屬於撒但並</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">由</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">那惡者所有。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn54" name="_ftnref54" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[54]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">賀夫曼以後,他的荷蘭重浸派跟隨者繼續展開對基督肉身來源的探索。但這些重浸派領導者的觀點與士閔克非最大的區別在於,士閔克非強調他的基督論與賀夫曼派不同,儘管他認為基督的肉身是「屬天的」,</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">他</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">並不否定基督的人性也是來自馬利亞;</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn55" name="_ftnref55" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[55]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">然而,這些重浸派則認為基督的出生只是在馬利亞裡面(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">i</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">n Mary</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),而非出於馬利亞(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">of Mary</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),意即馬利亞僅是</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">孕</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">育(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">nourish</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督的肉身,她並沒有給予基督的肉身任何的本質。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn56" name="_ftnref56" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[56]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這些重浸派繼承了士閔克非、賀夫曼的「屬天肉身」說,並繼續發展它,這是因為他們重視基督徒的道德行為,以及要建立一個聖潔的教會。對持「屬天肉身」觀的重浸派而言,若要教會</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">—</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督的身體</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">—</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">是聖潔沒有瑕疵的,基督必須是無罪的,並且祂的人性必須是來自神聖的源頭(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">divine origin</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn57" name="_ftnref57" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[57]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">另一</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">位</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">重浸派領袖</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">門諾</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">·</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">西門也</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">接受了這「屬天肉身」觀點,將這觀點教導給他的荷蘭重浸派跟隨者,並成了他所開創的門諾會(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">M</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">ennonites</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)初期主要信仰之一。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn58" name="_ftnref58" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[58]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">門諾認為基督人性的來源與救恩論和教會論關係至為緊要。對於基督,</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">門諾</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">總結道:「這<b><i>屬天的後裔</i></b>(</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">或</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">種子,</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Seed</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">—</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">神的道</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">—</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">被撒在馬利亞裡面;並且,憑著她的信心和聖靈在她裡面成孕,道成了肉身,並在她的身體裡成長;因此,祂被稱作她腹中的果子,就像天然的果子或後代,祂被稱作祂天然母親的果子。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn59" name="_ftnref59" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 10.5pt;">[59]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">門諾在這裡雖然沒有明言基督的人性是否從馬利亞取得,卻表示馬利亞腹中的果子是來自屬天的後裔。門諾多少扭曲了正統的信經,他視基督的神性和人性均在基督的位格裡,又強調基督的神性過於其人性。門諾對基督道成肉身的理解相信是來自賀夫曼。他看基督的成肉身不過是穿過馬利亞的子宮,就像一束陽光穿過</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">玻</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">璃</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">杯</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">中</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的水。基督並沒有從馬利亞取得人性,因她的肉身是「有罪的肉身」。對門諾而言,唯有如此理解道成肉身,救主才能</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">被</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">確保是完全</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,祂救恩的工作和祂的教會</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">也</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">才能是完全</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn60" name="_ftnref60" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 10.5pt;">[60]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這「屬天肉身」說一直影響著重浸派內的群體,並遭遇重浸派內激烈的反對,</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這可從</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">571</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年重浸派領</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">袖</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在弗蘭肯塔爾舉行的辯論(</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Frankenthal Disputation</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)的十三項決議共識的第三項</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">見到</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">:「關於基督:不論基督肉身的本質,是取自童女馬利亞肉身的本質,或是從其他來源」。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn61" name="_ftnref61" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 10.5pt;">[61]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">甚至連士閔克非自己也反對過賀夫曼的說法,曾說服過賀夫曼的跟隨者接受基督從馬利亞取得人性的正統信仰觀點。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn62" name="_ftnref62" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 10.5pt;">[62]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">門諾派本身意識到「屬天肉身」說是有違正統信仰,後來也漸漸拋棄其始創人西門的觀點。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn63" name="_ftnref63" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 10.5pt;">[63]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt;">雖然賀夫曼和西門的「屬天肉身」基督論並未成功在重浸派群體中取得一個正式的、主流的地位。但無論如何,基督人性的來源在</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">6</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt;">世紀中葉的重浸派中間曾是一個激烈爭議的基督論議題</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt;">,其</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt;">「屬天肉身」</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt;">和「非受造人性」基督論</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt;">也曾</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt;">被主流和激烈改革家反對並斥</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt;">為</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt;">異端,</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt;">這點</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt;">卻是一個不爭的事實</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">7.
</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">加爾文的回應</span></b><b><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">加爾文在他的《基督教要義》中,清楚地駁斥了西門「屬天的後裔」的觀點:「基督被稱為</span><b><i><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">『</span></i></b><b><i><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">亞當的後裔</span></i></b><b><i><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">』</span></i></b><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">…</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這修辭也表達了基督真實的人性。因為祂雖非直接由人類的父親所生,但祂的起源乃<b><i>從亞當而來</i></b>。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn64" name="_ftnref64" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 10.5pt;">[64]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這裡指明</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">加爾文反對西門</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「屬天肉身」說,他認為基督按其人性是亞當的後裔,其人性來自亞當,其本質與我們的人性一樣。在同卷另一段論到基督作中保中,加爾文也駁斥另一異端。他站在迦克墩正統信仰上,指出基督要作我們的中保,祂必須是完全的神,也是完全的人</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">—</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">是亞當的兒子,才能作我們的中保:「故此,路加也不猶豫地在祂的家譜裡認祂為亞當的兒子(路三</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">38</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。除非為著提升受破壞的亞當後裔,把人的狀況</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">賦</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">予了祂,否則</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">我要問</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">為何保羅稱基督作第二亞當(林前十五</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">47</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)」。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn65" name="_ftnref65" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 10.5pt;">[65]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">加爾文反駁那些認為基督的人性是在道成肉身前先存的觀點,他否定基督人性是在祂成肉身前已先存的,否則基督就不會稱作「第二亞當」,祂就無法恢</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">復</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">我們第一亞當後裔墮落的人性。在</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">其</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">向日內瓦教會</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">一篇</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">〈</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">關於基督的神性</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">〉</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的講道中,加爾文清楚指出這位永</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">恆</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的道:「<b><i>從祂的人性而言</i></b>,祂當然是受造的」。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn66" name="_ftnref66" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 10.5pt;">[66]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這位</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">注意神性與人性的區分,並且基督是當受敬</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">拜</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的加爾文,</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">他</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">並沒有因為為著強調基督是當受敬</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">拜</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的,就抹</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">殺</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">祂的人性變為非受造;反之,他承認按基督的人性而言,基督當然是受造的。</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">8.
</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">路德宗的回應</span></b><b><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">路德宗於</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1577</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年制定的《協和信條》(</span><i><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Formula of Concord</span></i><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)中,就有最少兩點是針對當時因重浸派「屬天肉身」說所引起的異端教導。其中第十二段關於「</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">《</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">奧斯堡信條》沒有處理的異端」段落,第一組乃是針對重浸派而寫的。它指出儘管重浸派內部分作許多小群體,但第一點來自重浸派,不能容忍在教會中教導的異端乃是:「基督並沒有從童女馬利亞取得祂的肉身和血,而<b><i>是從天上來的</i></b>。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn67" name="_ftnref67" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 10.5pt;">[67]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">第二組針對的異端派別乃是士閔克非派(</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Schwenkfelds</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),其中第一項指出不能容忍其在教會中教導的異端乃是:「基督</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">中</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的肉身在祂升天後取得所有神聖的屬性,以至<i>作為人的基督</i>,在祂的權能、力量、尊貴、榮耀<i>等一切,其地位和程度本質上都有如父和道所擁有的</i>,使基督的兩性,現在只有一種本質、特性、意志和榮耀,並使基督的肉身成了屬於神聖三一的本質。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn68" name="_ftnref68" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 10.5pt;">[68]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">《協和信條》最清楚地表達了後路德時代的路德宗信仰,它表明基督的人性是來自童女馬利亞;相反,任何教導基督人性是來自天上的或是其他的,都被視作異端。它也表明基督的人性的一切屬性,均不能與神性相混。不僅在祂成</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">孕</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">之時,甚至在祂升天後,《協和信條》也否定了這個相混的可能性。換句話說,《協和信條》間接地否定了基督的人性是來源之天上或神聖的,以及其本質是「非受造」之可能。從路德宗的《協和信條》和路德的</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">《</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">關乎基督之神性與人性的辯論》可見,關於</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督人性的來源是來自馬利亞,以及基督人性的本質是受造的問題上,路德宗和路德本人一直堅持</span><span face="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">他們的立場</span><span face="" lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,並沒有改變過。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">9.
</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">小結</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">由</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">士閔克非</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">開創出</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「屬天肉身」</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督論明顯</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">地</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">跟隨了</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">亞波里拿留</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">主義</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的思考</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">路徑</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">士閔克非以為若基督取得我們的人性,則祂就會成為神的一個受造物。除了在少數群體例如波格米勒派(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Bogomiles</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)和卡特里派(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Cathars</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)之外,這種思想在中世紀甚少出現。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn69" name="_ftnref69" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[69]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">當改革時期,這種亞波里拿留主義的思想重新受到注視,尤其在激進的改革者之間。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn70" name="_ftnref70" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[70]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">跟亞波里拿留的想法相似,士閔克非為了確保基督是一位受敬拜的對象,基督就不能有分於受造的人性。此外,士閔克非和亞波里拿留同樣也是出於對救恩的關注,認為基督必須是完全神聖的,才能確保人類得著完全的救恩。跟亞波里拿留一樣,士閔克非的基督論也可算是一種幻影式的基督論。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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</span></b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">於已過二十年在華人教會中間,「基督人性非受造」論開始大行其道,近幾年在學術界更開始受到注意。以下檢視一下「基督人性非受造」論主要提倡者的主要觀點,比較這些觀點與「屬天肉身」論的異同和發展。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(一)</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">唐崇榮</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1.
</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「在基督的位格裡面,並沒有任何受造的成分」</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">唐崇榮可說是近代「屬天肉身」論在華人教會中復辟的始作俑者</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,他是</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">其中一位</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">最強力的推手</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。對基督如何取得人性,在其《唐崇榮問題解答類編(上冊)》中,唐崇榮認為若果基督有分於受造的人性,則基督的位格內就有受造的成分,祂就會成為受造者,會落入亞流的異端和諾斯底的異端。他宣告說:「聖經從來沒有提到耶穌有受造的一部分;」「耶穌基督不是受造的,在基督的位格裡面,並沒有任何受造的成分。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn71" name="_ftnref71" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[71]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">對唐崇榮而言,基督的人性並不是在祂位格以外取的,而是在祂位格內。在道成肉身的過程之中,雖然基督是生在馬利亞裡面並從她而生,但祂與馬利亞並沒有本質上的關係,祂並沒有從馬利亞身上取得任何人性本質。基督的人性是出自基督自己。因為唐崇榮認為基督人性的來源是並非來自馬利亞,而是基督永恆位格之內,因而它的本質也必然是「非受造的」。這觀點可視為「屬天肉身」論在華人教會中的復辟。但唐崇榮比先前的「屬天肉身」論所更強調的,乃是基督肉身的非受造性質,以及按此人性來理解基督並非「受造者」</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">而是創造者、永恆者</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。如此,唐崇榮認為就能確保祂是永遠被歌頌、領受敬拜的創造者而不是受造的,祂才是我們的救主。基督一旦有分於受造的人性,祂就必然成為受造的神,降格為「次等神」,祂就不能成為人類的救主。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn72" name="_ftnref72" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[72]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">他確信</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">為了確保不落入亞流和諾斯底異端,基督絕不能有分於受造的人性。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">2.
</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「基督的肉身是祂大能的顯現」</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">唐崇榮承接了</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">他對基督人性</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的理解,在此基礎上進一步闡釋道成肉身事件如何發生。他闡釋這事件是在基督位格內發生一個改變的過程:「</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">道成肉身</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,不是道進到被造肉身之中,而是道『成』肉身,是「道經過一個過程以後,就在肉身中間顯現」。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn73" name="_ftnref73" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[73]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這位道成肉身的基督乃是「連</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">祂的人性、肉身中</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">間</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">還</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">是神自已以祂</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">無窮的大能</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在肉身的</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">範圍</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">中</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">間</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">向人</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">顯現」。這一種「顯現」就是唐所理解的「神在肉身顯現」(提</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">前</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">三</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">16</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。在其《永世的基督與歷史的耶穌》中,唐崇榮往前闡釋道成肉身的事件。他指這事件乃是那位永恆的道「到世界來變成一個暫存者」的事件:「這個道在永恆中是神,到暫時中間生出來的時候是人;又是永恆者,又是暫存者。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn74" name="_ftnref74" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[74]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">從唐崇榮看來,耶穌作為人在地上所顯現的不過是「暫時的,是歷史上曾經有生的開始,有死在十字架上的記錄的那一位」,但耶穌真正的身分是「永恆者」。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn75" name="_ftnref75" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[75]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">那位歷史上的耶穌是那位永</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">恆</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的道「從天降到地上,以永恆者的身份進入暫時。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn76" name="_ftnref76" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[76]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">對於唐崇榮,道成肉身並不是那永</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">恆</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的道取了完全的人性至祂的位格(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">enhypostasis</span></i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)的過程,而不過是一種幻影式的顯現。按照迦克墩的二性聯合一位格(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">hypostatic union</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的觀念,基督在成肉身時了取了完全的人性,卻沒有取到人性位格(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">human person</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。基督的完全人性是沒有位格的(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">anhypostasis</span></i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">impersonal</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,而是聯於聖子的神聖位格的(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">enhypostasis</span></i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">in-personal</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。但唐崇榮理解道成肉身的事件不過是「在聖靈感孕之下,使童女馬利亞的子宫,<b><i>變成</i></b>有實體的道成肉身的嬰孩在裡面。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn77" name="_ftnref77" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[77]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這種對道成肉身的理解,跟迦克墩的理解並不一致,乃是一種是幻影式的理解。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">二</span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">楊慶球</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">:「基督的人性是先存的」</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">楊慶球</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">繼</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">承</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">了唐崇榮對基督人性的理解。在其《基督教不可信?:兼駁《哲道行者》》中,楊</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">慶球</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">否認基督的人性是從馬利亞。理由是基督就會有被造的人性,而因此被稱作被造的:「表面看來,耶穌的人性是從馬利亞而來,因有人據此說耶穌的人性是被造的。如果耶穌的道使祂被稱為上帝,永恆的主,那麼,耶穌的人性同樣使祂稱為真正的人,被造的人。這點看似很合乎邏輯。如果耶穌的人性得自馬利亞,這人性就是被造的。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn78" name="_ftnref78" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[78]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">楊慶球以為基督的人性若是受造的,就會等同亞流主義:「如果說耶穌的肉身來自馬利亞,則祂的人性便是受造,這就與亞流否認基督與上帝有同等神性的看法一致。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn79" name="_ftnref79" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[79]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">他指出,「我們不能因耶穌成為肉身而把它看成被造,因為這[基督的]肉身是創造的秩序,源於基督的內部結構。[基督的]肉身是出於上帝創造的旨意,也是藉著子的結構而來的。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn80" name="_ftnref80" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[80]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">楊慶球</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">指出基督人性(肉身)的來源是「基督的內部結構」,絕非是在基督位格以外取的。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">楊</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">慶球</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在唐崇榮對基督人性的理解基礎上,往前推論,指出基督的人性是在基督位格內先存的。他說,基督的人性是「其實也是<b><i>先存的</i></b></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">…</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">藉馬利亞而來,但非由馬利亞給予,它是萬世以前父為子預備的。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn81" name="_ftnref81" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[81]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">由於基督的人性</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在道成肉身前在萬世前,萬物未造前早已</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">先存在基督位格內的,故此,楊</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">慶球</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">認為基督肉身的本質不是被造的,道成肉身的基督不能看成被造。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(三)</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">蘇穎智:「基督的肉身是獨一無二的」</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">蘇穎智在他新修訂版的</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">《</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">認識主基督</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">》</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">中,陳明出他的基督論:「基督既擁有一個有血有肉有骨的身體,他的肉體也是受造的,聖經有這樣說嗎?肯定沒有﹗」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn82" name="_ftnref82" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[82]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">蘇穎智認定基督有血有肉有骨的身體不是受造的。他認為若基督的人性真是受造的,它也必是基督自己造的。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn83" name="_ftnref83" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[83]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">但是基督並沒有為自己造一個肉身,乃是「祂<b><i>親自</i></b><i>成了</i>一個肉身。」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn84" name="_ftnref84" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[84]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在蘇穎智看來,基督人性的來源乃是祂自己。蘇穎智帶著跟唐崇榮和楊</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">慶球</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的相似的道成肉身的理解</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,認為道成肉身的事件,是基督「親自成了一個肉身」。並因而否認基督的人性是受造的。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">關於基督人性的本質,</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">蘇穎智</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在他的理解基礎上繼而</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">主張:「</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">『</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督的肉身</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">』</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">不是像亞當或你、我等受造之物,而是<b><i>獨一無二的</i></b></span><b><i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">『</span></i></b><b><i><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">道成肉身</span></i></b><b><i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">』</span></i></b><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">」。蘇</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">氏</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這裡用亞當</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">和</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">我們的肉身,跟基督的肉身作對比,指基督的肉身</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">是跟我們是根本上不同的,祂的肉身</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">是獨一無二的。</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">按蘇氏理解</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,亞當和</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">我們亞</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">當後裔的肉身是來自地或人,</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">但</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督的肉身</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">則</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">是<b><i>由道自己變成的</i></b>。換句話說,基督肉身的本質和來源,跟亞當和</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">我們的</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">都在本質和來源上有根本上徹底的不同</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。基督的肉身可以說是「屬天的」,不是「屬地的」。</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這就是蘇所指「獨一無二</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">道成肉身」之意義。</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">縱然耶穌是肉身顯現的神,但藉以顯現的肉身乃是一個「獨一無二的肉身」,其來源源於祂自己,其本質不是受造的,</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">它可視作一個「屬天的肉身」</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。因此,按這種理解,「耶穌就當受敬拜」。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn85" name="_ftnref85" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[85]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">對於傳統「主耶穌是百分百的神,是造物主;祂也是百分百的人,也是受造物」的表述,蘇氏則</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">歸類並</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">稱</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">之</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">為</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「部分受造論」</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftn86" name="_ftnref86" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[86]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">按照蘇穎智對基督肉身的理解,基督的肉身是「獨一無二的」,但這就與</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">《</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">迦克墩信經》中所指:按人性(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Manhood</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)說,「祂與我們<i>同體</i>(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">co-essential</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)」有根本的相違。蘇穎智所理解的基督人性,是一種與我們來源和本質上徹</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">底</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">不相同的人性。</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">蘇穎智的基督論,與唐崇榮和楊喜慶球的,同樣可為算為一種幻影式的基督論。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(四)</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「基督人性非受造」論的神學發展脈絡及反思</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">總結來看,不難發現,雖然神學處境和神學用辭不盡相同,但從</span><b><i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">神學關注</span></i></b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">、</span><b><i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">神學理據</span></i></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">和<i>神學影</i></span></b><b><i><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">響</span></i></b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">來看,</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">華人教會中今日的「基督人性非受造論」其實是繼承自改教時期在激進改革者間曾引發激烈爭論的「屬天肉身」論。這理論遠溯至後尼西亞(第四紀起)的「基督一性論」和前尼西亞(頭二世紀)的「幻影</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">論</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">」。它們同樣地</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">因</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">傾向神性</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">而輕忽人性。比較士閔克非、賀夫曼、西門的「屬天肉身」論,相同的點有四:</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(一),</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「基督人性非受造」論</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">者同樣承認肯定基督擁有過物質的肉身,且這肉身是經過馬利亞而生,但這肉身(人性</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">來源卻非來自馬利亞,而是來自「天上」,故這肉身</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">本質上必然</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">是獨特的。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(二),他們同樣地以為若基督的人性是取自人</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">—</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">馬利亞</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">—</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的話,將使基督的人性本質上成為有罪,甚至是被造的。故基督不可能從馬利亞取得任何人性。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(三),「基督人性非造論」不約而同地與「屬天肉身」論同樣認為</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">人性與受造性並沒有必然關係,意即,人性不一定含示必然是受造的。在他們來看,宇宙中存有一種</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">非受造的人性</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">」</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,而且它是且唯獨是存在基督的位格內。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(四),他們出於同樣的動機,為了</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">確保基督</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">位格是神聖</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的且是創造者,這兩說都因而作出推論:既然基督是</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">創造者</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">那</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在基督</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">位格內的人性,其本質自然也是「非受造的」了。</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">跟亞波里拿留的一性傾向的相同理由,對他們而言,</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">受造的人性</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">是不可能在</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">非受造的神性位格</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">內存在,否則,基督就不能保證是一位「受人敬</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">拜</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的對象」。為了調和這種位格內的「矛</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">盾</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">」,基督受造的人性就被犠牲成非受造的了。如此的結果也有四:</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(一),基督非受造的人性就能存在其非受造的位格之內,協調了位格內的「矛盾」。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(二),如此,就確保了基督的位格永遠是神聖的,必然是受敬</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">拜</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">者的身分。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(三),有效地解決了道成肉身的基督為何無罪的問題,保證了道成肉身的基督並沒有任何犯罪的可能。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(四),就能一勞永</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">逸</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">地避免了幾個歷史上的異端問題,包括聶斯多留主義和亞流主義的問題,即避免造成基督有兩個的位格,以及避免稱呼基督為「受造之物」。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「基督人性非受造論」</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">跟「屬天肉身」論所不同的是:「屬天肉身」論者並沒有多解釋基督是如何取得其非受造的人性;</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">反而,「基督人性非受造」論</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">者則在</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「屬天肉身」</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">論的基礎上</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">進一步推論:既然基督人性的來源不是來自人</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">—</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">馬利亞,</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">它就是本身</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">來自基督位格內的</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。它是基督<b><i>「自取的」</i></b></span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">或是<b><i>「變成的」</i></b></span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,甚至在基督的位格內早已<b><i>「先存的」</i></b>。故此,</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">人性</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">本質也就跟我們</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">徹底</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">不同</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">:它</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">是<b><i>「獨一無二的」</i></b>。</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">如此的結果,基督道成肉身的奧祕,就被理解成跟幻影式的神在肉身「顯現」</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">—</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">一種在「非受造的人性」,不同於我們的人性中的「顯現」。不難發現,「基督人性非受造」論者為了</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">確保基督</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">位格是神聖</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的,為了確保基督是受敬</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">拜</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的對象,為了避免基督的人性有犯罪的可能,為了避免聶斯多留主義和亞流主義,結果「基督人性非受造」論者不察覺自己採取了「屬天肉身」論的理據,走上「亞波里拿留」一性傾向的思考路徑,混淆了正統基督論之神性與人性,使基督的人性與我們在來源和本質上根本徹底的不同,最後產生了「幻影式」顯現的基督論。當我們鳥</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">瞰</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">歷史上各種基督人性的異端後,我們會發現「基督人性非受造」論者眼中基督的人性,其實並不與我們的人性同體,它不是一個真實、完全的人性。</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">套用正統教父們的說法,若基督未曾取過受造的人性,我們受造的人性就無法被醫治,我們人類仍是沒有完全的救恩。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">由於華人教會的傳統主要是來自更正教的西方教會,對於東方教會傳統的認識並不如對西方教會。東方教會數百年之久受基督一性論傾向所造成的異端所纏擾。筆者認為雖然這段歷史主要是發生在東方教會的傳統中,但是西方教會亦承認東方教會在基督人性問題上的判斷是準確的。以往華人教會</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">多數</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">只知道這些基督一性論異端之名,而鮮有深入考據其神學處境、關注和理據。故此,筆者認為東方教會的這段歷史,也該受華人教會注意及值得更多研究。否則,就會帶來今日華人教會出現「基督人性非受造」論的危險。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">結</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span></b><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">論</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">本文要指出的是,當我們從歷史神學脈</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">絡</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,以更廣闊的視野去追尋華人教會今日「基督人性非受造」的來源和發展之時,會發現歷史上許多關於基督人性出了問題的異端,其共通點都是要藉各樣的說法,為了強調基督是完全神聖的一位,而否定基督位格裡擁有一個完全且受造的人性。教會從起頭一直堅持「基督的人性是受造的」,作為一個必要理據來否定這些異端的基督論:基督未曾擁有過一個完全且受造的人性。本文指出了華人教會近代</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「基督人性非受造」論</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,其實是「屬天肉身」說的延續。它繼承了亞波里拿留的「一性說」及「幻影說」傾向,且在「屬天肉身」說的基礎上發展成基督的人性是基督「自取的」,是永恆地「</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">先存</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">」</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督位格內,以及是「獨一無二的」。這是今日</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">華人教會中「基督人性非受造」</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的基督論,在神學思想上突破以往異端的地方。然而,按照大公正統以及改革家的觀點,它仍不脫基督人性的異端觀點。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">參考書目</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">原始資料:</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">加爾文。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">《</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">基督教要義》。</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">唐崇榮。《永世的基督與歷史的耶穌》。臺北:歸正福音,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">2010</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">________</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">《</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">唐崇榮問題解答類編(上冊)</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">》</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。臺北:中福,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">2011</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">________</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">〈</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">第一二一講〉</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">,</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">《唐崇榮牧師希伯來書歸正查經講座》</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">http://members.iinet.net.au/~pcccsb/CellGroup/Emmanuel/Hebrews/121e.html</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">2016</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">年</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">7</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">月</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">23</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">日讀取)。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">蘇穎智。</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">《認識主基督(修訂版)》</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。香港:更新資源,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">2016</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Apollinaris. Fragment 87 of <i>Apodeixis</i>, in Lietzmann, Hans ed. </span><i><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Apollinaris von Laodicea und seine Schute</span></i><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">. Tiibingen: Verlag von J. C. Mohr, 1904.<i><o:p></o:p></i></span>
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<span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">________. <i>Epistula and Jovia</i></span><i><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">num</span></i><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
in Lietzmann, Hans ed.
<i>Apollinaris von Laodicea und seine Schute</i>. </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Tiibingen: Verlag von J. C. Mohr, 1904.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Calvin, John. "Sermons on the Deity of Christ." <i>T</i></span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">he Deity of Christ and Other Sermons.</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
Nixon, Leroy translated. Old Paths Publications, 1997.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Gregory of Nazianzus, <i>Letters</i> <i>101</i></span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Tertullian, <i>Against All Heresies</i></span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">________, <i>Against the Valentinians</i></span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">________</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">, <i>On the Flesh of Christ</i></span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">第二資料:</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">侯軍。</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">〈</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">基督人性受造爭議之深度解析</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">〉</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。載於《基督教思想評論》第十四輯(上海:上海人民出版社,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">2012</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">)。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">馬丁路德。《關於神性與人性辯論》(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Disputation On the Divinity and Humanity of Christ</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">)。于忠綸譯。香港:真理書房,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">2006</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">曾邵愷,</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">〈</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">大公教會正統論基督人性受造</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">〉</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">,載於《基督教思想評論》第十七輯(上海:上海人民出版社,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">2013</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">)。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">凱利(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">J. N. D. Kelly</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">《早期基督教教義》(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Early Christian Doctrine</span></i><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">),康來昌譯</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。臺北</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">:華</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">神</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1984</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">漢斯</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">·</span><span style="background: white; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">約納斯</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Hans Jonas</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。</span><span style="background: white; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">張新樟譯</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。</span><span style="background: white; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">《諾斯替宗教》</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(</span><i><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Gnostic Religion</span></i><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。<span style="background: white;">香港</span></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">:道風書社,</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">2003</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">楊慶球</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">《基督教不可信?:兼駁《哲道行者》》</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。香港:天道,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">2006</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">奧爾森(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Roger E. Olson</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">《神學的故事》(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The Story of Christian Theology</span></i><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">吳瑞誠、徐成德譯</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">臺</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">北</span><span style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">:校園,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">2002</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Anderson, William, P. "Some Reflections on the Christology of Apollinaris
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</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2015/08/christological-confusion-china.php.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
(accessed 23 Ju</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">ly</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Josias </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">S</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">immler, <i>Scripta veterum</i>.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">________, </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Romans. <o:p></o:p></span></i>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">________, </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Trallians</span></i><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Irenaeus, <i>Against Heresies</i></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Roth, John </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">and </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Stayer, </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">James. <i>A Companion to Anabaptism and Spiritualism, 1521–1700</i>. </span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Leiden: Brill. 2007.<o:p></o:p></span>
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<span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Schoeps, H</span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">ans-Joachim</span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">. <i>Vom himmlischen Fleisch Christi. </i>Tübingen, 1951.</span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran
Church</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">. Tappert, Theodore Gerhardt translated and edited. Fortress Press,
1959.</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i>
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<i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">. McGuckin, John Anthony edited. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">, 3rd Revised edition, Cross, Frank Leslie and Livingstone, Elizabeth A.
edited. Oxford University Press, 2005.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">見侯軍,</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">〈</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">基督人性受造爭議之深度解析</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">〉</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,載於《基督教思想評論》第十四輯(上海:上海人民出版社,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">2012</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">)及</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">〈</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">「道</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">-</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">成為</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">-</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">人」基督論</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">——</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">兼回應《大公教會正统論基督人性受造》〉,載於《基督教思想評論》第十七輯(上海:上海人民出版社,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">2013</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">見</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">Bruce Baugus, <i>"</i>Christological Confusion & China's
Reforming Churches," </span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">登於</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2015/08/christological-confusion-china.php. </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">(accessed 23 Ju</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">ly</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
2016)</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。筆者譯</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">(本文以下若沒有標明中文譯者,則是筆者譯。)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">Baugus</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">一文剖析了華人教會近年的「基督人性非受造」論,闡述了正统改革宗基督論的内涵為:基督的人性如同我們的人性一樣,是被造與有限的。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">曾邵愷,</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">〈</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">大公教會正統論基督人性受造</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">〉</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,載於《基督教思想評論》第十七輯(上海:上海人民出版社,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">2013</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">)。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Pheme Perkins, "Docetism" in
<i>Encyclopedia of Early Christianity</i>, Second Edition, edited by
Everett Ferguson </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">(New York: Routledge: 1999), </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">341</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">–</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">342. <o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">Ignatius of Antioch, <i>Eph. </i>1.1; <i>Rom.</i> 6.6;
<i>Trallians</i> 9.2; <i>Smyrneans</i> 7.1.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Tertullian, <i>Against the Valentinians</i>, 4. <o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Karen L. King, "Valen</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">tinus</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">" in <i>Encyclopedia of Early Christianity</i>, Second Edition,
edited by Everett Ferguson </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">(New York: Routledge: 1999), </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">1155.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Elaine Pagels. <i>The Gnostic Gospels</i> (New York: Random House,
1979), 37.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Tertullian, <i>Against All Heresies</i>, 4.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Irenaeus, <i>Against Heresies</i>, 3.16.1<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">Tertullian, <i>On the Flesh of Christ</i>, 15.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">凱利(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">J. N. D. Kelly</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">),《早期基督教教義》(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">Early Christian Doctrine</span></i><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">),康來昌譯(</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">臺北</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">:華</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">神</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">1984</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">),</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">15</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">–</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">19</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Irenaeus, <i>Against Heresies</i>, 3.21.10.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">奧爾森(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">Roger E. Olson</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">),《神學的故事》(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">The Story of Christian Theology</span></i><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">),吳瑞誠、徐成德譯(臺</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">北</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">:校園,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">2002</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">),</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">85</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">–</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">87</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Pheme Perkins, "Docetism" in
<i>Encyclopedia of Early Christianity</i>, Second Edition, edited by
Everett Ferguson </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">(New York: Routledge: 1999), </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">341</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">–</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">342.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
William P. Anderson, "Some Reflections on the Christology of
Apollinaris of Laodicea," <i>Marian Library Studies</i>: Vol. 17,
Article 16, 197</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">–</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">206. See p.204.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Apollinaris, Fragment 87 of <i>Apodeixis</i>, in Hans Lietzmann, ed.,
<i>Apollinaris von Laodicea und seine Schute</i> (Tiibingen: Verlag
von J. C. Mohr, 1904), 247. </span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">參</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">Timothy John Carter,
<i>The Apollinarian Christologies: a study of the writings of
Apollinarius of Laodicea</i>
(Raleigh: lulu, 2012), 209</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">–210.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Apollinaris, <i>Epistula and Jovia</i></span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">num</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
in Lietzmann, </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">250</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">–251. </span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">參</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">Byzantine Orthodoxies: Papers from the Thirty-sixth Spring
Symposium of Byzantine Studies, University of Durham, 23-25 March
2002</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Augustine Casiday and Andrew Louth ed. (Routledge, 2006), 52.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Apollinaris, <i>Anakephalaiosis</i>, 1, in Lietzmann, 242.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Apollinaris, Fragment 87 of <i>Apodeixis</i>, in Lietzmann, 226. </span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">參</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">Carter, <i>The Apollinarian Christologies</i>, 17.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Charles E. Raven,
<i>Apollinarianism: An Essay on the Christology of the Early Church</i>, Reissue edition (Cambridge, 2014), 201.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Carter, <i>The Apollinarian Christologies</i>, 138–139.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Gregory of Nazianzus, <i>Letters</i> <i>101</i>, 5.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
See Anderson, William P. (2014) "Some Reflections on the Christology
of Apollinaris of Laodicea," <i>Marian Library Studies</i>: Vol. 17,
Article 16, 197</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">–</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">206.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<div id="ftn25">
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Gregory of Nyssa, <i>Antirrheticus adversus Apollinarium</i>, 22</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">–</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">24. </span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">見</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">Carter, <i>The Apollinarian Christologies</i>, 138.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">「基督一能論」</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">與</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">「基督一志論」</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">和「基督一性論」的詳細區別,見</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">, John Anthony McGuckin edited (Wiley-Blackwell, 2011), </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">538</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">–</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">539.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Sjouke Voolstra, "T</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">he Word Has Become Flesh: The Melchiorite-Mennonite Teaching on the
Incarnation," <i>Mennonite Quarterly Review </i>57 (1983), 151.</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Alvin J. Beachy, "The Grace of God in Christ as Understood by Five
M</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">ajor Anabaptist Writers," <i>Mennonite Quarterly Review </i>37
(1963), 27.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Paul L. Maier,
<i>Caspar Schwenckfeld on the Person and Work of Christ: A Study of
Schwenckfeldian Theology at Its Core</i>
(Wipf & Stock, 2004), 37.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<div id="ftn30">
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
H</span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">ans-Joachim </span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">Schoeps, <i>Vom himmlischen Fleisch Christi </i>(Tübingen, 1951),
36.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Horst Weigelt, “Schwenckfeld, Kaspar von,” TRE
30 (1999): 712</span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">–</span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">19.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[32]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Paul L. Maier,
<i>Caspar Schwenckfeld on the Person and Work of Christ: A Study of
Schwenckfeldian Theology at Its Core</i>
(Wipf & Stock, 2004), 37-39.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Stephen H. Webb,
<i>Jesus Christ, Eternal God: Heavenly Flesh and the Metaphysics of
Matter</i>, (Oxford, 2012), 156.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
</div>
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<div id="ftn34">
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
David M. Whitford,
<i>Reformation and Early Modern Europe: A Guide to Research (Sixteenth
Century Essays & Studies, V. 79) </i>(Truman State University Press, 2008), 97.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Caspar Schwenckfeld, <i>Corpus Schwenckfeldianorum</i>, ed. </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">C. D. Hartranft and E. E. S. Johnson. Vol. 1-15. Leipzig, 1907-1939.
VII, 547, cited in <span style="background: white;">Maier, </span><i>Caspar Schwenckfeld on the Person and Work of Christ: A Study of
Schwenckfeldian Theology at Its Core</i>, 35.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<div id="ftn36">
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
R. E</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">mmet McLaughlin,
<i>The Freedom of Spirit, Social Privilege, and Religious Dissent:
Casper Schwenckfeld and the Schwenckfelds </i>(Baden-Baden: V. Koerner, 1996), 82.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Schwenckfeld, <i>Corpus Schwenckfeldianorum</i>, VII, 506, cited in
<span style="background: white;">Maier, </span><i>Caspar Schwenckfeld on the Person and Work of Christ: A Study of
Schwenckfeldian Theology at Its Core</i>, 35. Cf. also VII, 548.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
<span style="background: white;">Maier, </span><i>Caspar Schwenckfeld on the Person and Work of Christ: A Study of
Schwenckfeldian Theology at Its Core</i>, 35</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">–</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">36. <o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref39" name="_ftn39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Cited from Weigelt, "Schwenckfeld," 715.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref40" name="_ftn40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Webb,
<i>Jesus Christ, Eternal God: Heavenly Flesh and the Metaphysics of
Matter</i>, 156.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
</div>
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<div id="ftn41">
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref41" name="_ftn41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[41]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
George H. Williams, <i>The Radical Reformation</i>, 3rd edition
(Truman State University Press, 2000), 703</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">. Cf. Maier, <i>Casper Schwenckfeld</i>, 39–40.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref42" name="_ftn42" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[42]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
<i>Reformed Confessions of the Sixteenth Century</i>, Arthur C.
Cochrane edited, 244.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref43" name="_ftn43" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[43]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">Josias </span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">S</span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">immler, <i>Scripta veterum</i>, fol. 113r. </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">Cf. </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">Luca Baschera, Bruce Gordon,
<i>Following Zwingli: Applying the Past in Reformation Zurich</i>
(Routledge, 2014), 74.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref44" name="_ftn44" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[44]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">馬丁路德,《關於神性與人性辯論》(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">Disputation On the Divinity and Humanity of Christ</span></i><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">),于忠綸譯(香港:真理書房,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">2006</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">),</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">5</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref45" name="_ftn45" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[45]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">路德,《關於神性與人性辯論》,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">10</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref46" name="_ftn46" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[46]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">路德,《關於神性與人性辯論》,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">21</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">24</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref47" name="_ftn47" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[47]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">路德,《關於神性與人性辯論》,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">34</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">–</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">35</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref48" name="_ftn48" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[48]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">路德,《關於神性與人性辯論》,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">36</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref49" name="_ftn49" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[49]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Joar Haga,
<i>Was there a Lutheran Metaphysics?: The interpretation of
communication: The interpretation of communicatio idiomatum in Early
Modern Lutheranism </i>(Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2012), 70-71.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref50" name="_ftn50" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[50]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
"Schwenckfelds," <i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i>,
3rd Revised edition, Frank Leslie Cross, Elizabeth A. Livingstone
edited (Oxford University Press, 2005), </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">p. </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">1481.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref51" name="_ftn51" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[51]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Harry Loewen,
<i>Ink Against the Devil: Luther and His Opponents</i> (Wilfrid
Laurier University Press, 2015), 181.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref52" name="_ftn52" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[52]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">參</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">Wolfgang Capito,
<i>The Correspondence of Wolfgang Capito: Volume 3 (1532-1536)</i>,
Milton Kooistra edited, Erika Rummel translated (University of Toronto
Press, 2015), 221. Footnote 9.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref53" name="_ftn53" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[53]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Schwenckfeld,
<em><span style="background: white; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Corpus Schwenckfeldianorum,</span></em></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"> </span></i></span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">V, 522. Cf. </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">Sjouke Voolstra, "T</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">he Word Has Become Flesh: The Melchiorite-Mennonite Teaching on the
Incarnation," <i>Mennonite Quarterly Review </i>57 (1983),
155-60.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref54" name="_ftn54" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[54]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Cited from Walter Klaassen,
<i>Anabaptism in Outline: Selected Primary Sources</i>, Sixth Edition
(Herald, 1981), 27.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref55" name="_ftn55" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[55]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Schwenckfeld,
<em><span style="background: white; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Corpus Schwenckfeldianorum</span></em></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"> </span></i></span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">VII, 304.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref56" name="_ftn56" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[56]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Alvin J. Beachy, "The Grace of God in Christ as Understood by Five
M</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">ajor Anabaptist Writers," <i>Mennonite Quarterly Review </i>37
(1963), 33.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref57" name="_ftn57" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[57]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Krahn, Cornelius and Marlin E. Miller. "Christology." <i>Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online</i>. 1989. Web. 23 Jul 2016. </span><span lang=""><a href="http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Christology&oldid=134524" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Christology&oldid=134524</span></a></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref58" name="_ftn58" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[58]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">Sjouke Voolstra, “Menno Simons (1496</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">–</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">1561),” in Carter Lindberg, ed.,
<i>The Reformation Theologians: An Introduction to Theology in the
Early Modern Period </i>(Oxford: Blackwell, 2002), 371. </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref59" name="_ftn59" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[59]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Menno Simons,
<i>The Complete writings of Menno Simons: c.1496-1561</i>, Leonard
Verduin translated,
<span style="background: white;">J. C. Wenger</span> edited (Herald
Press, 1956), 437.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref60" name="_ftn60" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[60]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Krahn, Cornelius and Cornelius J. Dyck. "Menno Simons
(1496-1561)." <i>Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online</i>. 1990. Web. 23 Jul 2016. </span><span lang=""><a href="http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Menno_Simons_(1496-1561)&oldid=134526" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Menno_Simons_(1496-1561)&oldid=134526</span></a></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref61" name="_ftn61" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[61]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
<i>Mennonite Quarterly Review</i>, Volumes 36-37 (Mennonite Historical
Society, 1962), 22.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref62" name="_ftn62" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[62]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Schwenckfeld,
<em><span style="background: white; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Corpus Schwenckfeldianorum</span></em></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"> </span></i></span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">VII, 281 ff., VI, 483.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref63" name="_ftn63" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[63]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">William Estep,
<i>The Anabaptist Story: An Introduction to Sixteenth-Century
Anabaptism </i>(Grad Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996), 151</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">–</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">176.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref64" name="_ftn64" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[64]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">加爾文,《基督教要義》,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">2.13.2</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,曾邵愷譯,見</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">〈</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">大公教會正統論基督人性受造〉一文註</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">6</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">3</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref65" name="_ftn65" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[65]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">加爾文,《基督教要義》,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">2.12.6-7</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref66" name="_ftn66" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[66]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
Calvin, "Sermons on the Deity of Christ," <i>T</i></span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">he Deity of Christ and Other Sermons</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">, Leroy Nixon translated (Old Paths Publications, 1997), 24.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref67" name="_ftn67" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[67]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
<i>The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran
Church</i>, Theodore Gerhardt Tappert translated and edited (Fortress Press,
1959), 634.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref68" name="_ftn68" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[68]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
<i>The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran
Church</i>, 635.<o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref69" name="_ftn69" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[69]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">波格米勒派,是十世紀時於保加利亞第一帝國</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">內建立</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">的</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">基督教</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">諾斯底主義派</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">別</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,主要流行於馬其頓與波斯尼亞地區</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。卡特里派,是一個中世紀的基督教諾斯底派別,受到摩尼教思想的影響,興盛於</span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">12</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">世紀與</span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">13</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">世紀的西歐,主要分佈在法國南部。</span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref70" name="_ftn70" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[70]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span lang="DE" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">Schoeps,</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="DE" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"> </span></span><em><span lang="DE" style="background: white; font-size: 9pt;">Vom himmlischen Fleisch Christi</span></em><span lang="DE" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">, 13.</span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref71" name="_ftn71" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[71]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">唐崇榮,</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">《</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">唐崇榮問題解答類編(上冊)</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">》</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">(臺北:中福,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">2011</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">),</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">134–135</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref72" name="_ftn72" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[72]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">唐崇榮,〈</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">第一二一講〉</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">《唐崇榮牧師希伯來書歸正查經講座》</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">:</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">「所以耶穌如果被稱為神</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">那是因為他是次等神</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">是被造的神</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">the created second rate God. </span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">被造的神</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">次等的神</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">這是希臘哲學</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">Demiurge</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">柏拉圖這麼寫</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">諾斯底主義</span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">(Gnosticism) </span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">這樣寫</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">不是聖經。耶穌是次等神,耶穌是被造的神,這個是亞流派這樣寫,這個是</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">『撒伯流主義』這樣信</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">…</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">」。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">http://members.iinet.net.au/~pcccsb/CellGroup/Emmanuel/Hebrews/121e.html</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">2016</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">年</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">7</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">月</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">23</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">日讀取)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref73" name="_ftn73" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[73]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">唐崇榮,</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">《</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">唐崇榮問題解答類編(上冊)</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">》</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">134</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref74" name="_ftn74" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[74]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">唐崇榮,《永世的基督與歷史的耶穌》,(臺北:歸正福音,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">2010</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">),</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">100</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref75" name="_ftn75" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[75]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">唐崇榮,《永世的基督與歷史的耶穌》,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">102</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref76" name="_ftn76" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[76]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">唐崇榮,《永世的基督與歷史的耶穌》,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">103</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref77" name="_ftn77" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[77]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">唐崇榮,《永世的基督與歷史的耶穌》,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">176</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref78" name="_ftn78" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[78]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">楊慶球</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">《基督教不可信?:兼駁《哲道行者》》</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">(香港:天道,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">2006</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">),</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">21</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref79" name="_ftn79" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[79]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">楊慶球</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">《基督教不可信?:兼駁《哲道行者》》</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">21</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref80" name="_ftn80" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[80]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">楊慶球</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">《基督教不可信?:兼駁《哲道行者》》</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">23</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref81" name="_ftn81" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[81]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">楊慶球</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">《基督教不可信?:兼駁《哲道行者》》</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">23–24</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%8F%97%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95_v9.docx#_ftnref82" name="_ftn82" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">[82]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">
</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">蘇穎智,</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">《認識主基督(修訂版)》</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">(香港:更新資源,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">2016</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">),</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">171</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">蘇穎智,</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">《認識主基督(修訂版)》</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">171</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">蘇穎智,</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">《認識主基督(修訂版)》</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">171</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">蘇穎智,</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">《認識主基督(修訂版)》</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">160</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span>
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</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">蘇穎智,</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">《認識主基督(修訂版)》,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;">157</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">。</span></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-45826417087538862532016-06-22T00:49:00.005-07:002020-08-30T16:11:12.092-07:00系統神學系列〈3〉:比較新舊兩約所啟示的三一神,以及反思教導三一的重要性<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: , serif;"> <span style="text-align: left;">湃 恩</span></span></div><br />
對於正統的大公信仰而言,整本聖經,包括新約和舊約,都啟示神是三一的。神是獨一的神,祂名稱為耶和華,而這位神又是三,是父、是子、是靈。神的三一(Trinity)是一個重大的啟示,也是一個奧祕,且是一個奧祕中的奧祕。一面,雖然在聖經中,不論在新約或舊約,找不到『三一』這個詞,卻能看到神是三一的這個事實。另一面,雖然舊約和新約都有關於三一神的啟示,然而,若進行較仔細的研讀後,會發現有一些重點上的不同。<br />
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>第一,舊約是以隱含的方式啟示三一神,而新約是以明言的方式啟示三一神:</b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: , serif;"><b> </b> 關於聖經兩約的關係,奧古斯丁曾說:『舊約藏新約,新約彰舊約。』</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2013%E7%A7%8B_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(1)%EF%BC%9A%E5%95%9F%E7%A4%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%89%B5%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96/Theology_I_exam_2_%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B81%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A62.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[1] </span></span></span></span></a>舊約的預表,好像是用圖畫的方式把新約的實際表明出來。關於三一神這啟示也是如此。<br />
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"><span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>(</b></span><span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>1</b></span><span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>)</b></span><b>舊約,神自稱『我』,又稱『我們』,隱含地啟示神的三一</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"> 以賽亞六章八節,神說,『我可以差遣誰呢?誰肯為我們去呢?』神一面稱自己作我,一面又作我們,證明『我』就是『我們』,『我們』也就是『我』。神是單數的,但也似乎是多數的。還有,創世記一章二十六節:『神說,我們要照著我們的形像,按著我們的樣式造人。』那獨一的神,在祂的聖言中,多次稱祂自己作『我們』,這隱含地啟示神有複數(plurality)一面的講究。這必是由於神有父子靈的講究。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"><span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>(</b></span><span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>2</b></span><span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>)</b></span><b>新約,主耶穌說出父子靈三者,明言地啟示神的三一</b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: , serif;"> 馬太二十八章十九節,主耶穌說,『將他們浸入父子聖靈的名裏。』主在這裏說出父子聖靈三者。但主在這裏說到父子聖靈的名,所用的『名』字,在原文是單數的。這是說,父子聖靈雖是三者,名卻是一個。這一個名包括父子聖靈三者。這就說出神是三一的,祂雖是一位神,卻有父子靈三者的講究。三者一個名,明言地啟示神的三一。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>第二,舊約較多三一神的「一」的啟示;新約則較著重三一神的「三」的啟示:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>(</b></span><span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>1</b></span><span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>)</b></span><span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>舊約較新約更多提及神是只有一位</b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: , serif;"> 無論在舊約或新約裏,都清楚並確定的告訴我們,神只有一位。但由於舊約時,關於三一神的「三」還沒有明言,只有隱含地啟示,舊約較多著重神的「一」,神只有一位。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"> 在舊約,神藉著摩西賜給以色列人的十誡,第一條即是『除了我以外,你不可有別的神』(出二十3,申五7)。申命記四35說,『…要使你知道惟有耶和華祂是神,除祂以外,再無別神。』39節說,『所以今日你要知道,也要記在心上,天上地下,惟有耶和華祂是神,除祂以外,再無別神。』這裏不是說除『祂們』以外,再無別神,而是除『祂』以外,再無別神。六4又說,『以色列阿,你要聽!耶和華我們 神是獨一的主。』以賽亞書四十五章五節說,『我是耶和華,在我以外並沒有別神,除了我以外再沒有神。』還有六節、十四節、十八節、二十一至二十二節,四十六章九節,四十四章六節、八節,都有同樣的話。除了以賽亞,舊約其他的先知,如撒母耳(撒下七22)、瑪拉基(瑪二10)、撒迦利亞(亞十四9)等亦都有類似的宣告。詩篇八十六篇十節:『惟獨你是神。』這裏不是說,惟獨你們是神;乃是說,惟獨你是神。這話也證明神只有一位。在這些經節中,神再三再四的說,『除了我以外,再沒有神。』祂不是說,除了我們以外,再沒有神;乃是說,『除了我以外,再沒有神』。『我』是單數的,只有一位。神這多次的宣言,強有力的證明,神只有一位。</span><br />
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在新約,主耶穌重申舊約申命記六章四節,明言『主我們神是獨一的主』(可十二29)。使徒保羅在羅馬書三章三十節說,『神既是一位』,亦於哥林多前書八章四節說,『神只有一位,再沒有別的神。』都明言地否定三位神、兩位神,宣告只有一位神。還有,林前八6、加三20、弗四6、提前二5等經文都可見保羅顯著的一神觀念。再者,其他新約書信的作者如使徒雅各在雅二19、使徒約翰在啟四2、8~9節,都明確地宣稱神只有一位。然而,類似的經節,在數目上,新約明顯不及舊約多。但無論如何,無論舊約或新約聖經都明確宣告宇宙中只有一位神,再沒有別的神。<br />
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>(</b></span><span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>2</b></span><span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>)</b></span><span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>新約較舊約更多提及神有「三」的一面:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"> 新約幾乎各卷書都是以「神聖的三一」為基本架構。「三」的啟示遍佈整本新約。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">在福音書裏,如約翰福音十四16~17節:『我要求父,父就另外賜給你們一位保惠師,叫祂永遠與你們同在,就是實際的靈。』在這兩節裏,子向父禱告,使父差遣靈(其他參太一20~23,三16~17,十二28,二八19,路一35,十五3~32,約四10,十四6~24,26,十五26,十六13~15等)。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">在使徒行傳,如二十28:『聖靈立你們作全群的監督,你們就當為自己謹慎,也為全群謹慎,牧養神的召會,就是祂用自己的血所買來的。』這裏題到聖靈立,神的召會和(子)的血。(其他參徒一1~2,4~5,8,11,21,二4,17~18,21~24,27,31~33,36,38,十三2,4,7,9~10,12,16,23,30,33~39,49~50,52,二八15,23,25,31等)。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"> 在保羅書信,如林後十三14節說,『願主耶穌基督的恩典,神的愛,聖靈的交通,與你們眾人同在。』這裏題到子基督的恩典,父神的愛,以及聖靈的交通或交流。(其他參弗一3~14,二18,三16~17上,四4~6,五19~20,六10~11,17,多三4~6,加四4~6,羅五5~6,八9,11,十五16,林前三10~16,十二4~6,林後一21~22,三3,五5~6,帖前一4~7,帖後二13~14,來二3~4,九14等)。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;"> 在彼得書信,如彼前一2節說,『就是照著父神的先見被揀選,藉著那靈得聖別,以致順從耶穌基督,並蒙祂血所灑的人:願恩典與平安,繁增的歸與你們。』這裏題到父神的揀選,那靈的聖別,以及耶穌基督的血(其他參彼前一2~3,11,二1~3,9,三4,四14,五10,彼後一14,三18)。在猶大書20~21節:『親愛的,你們卻要在至聖的1信仰上建造自己,在聖靈裡禱告,保守自己在神的愛中,等候我們主耶穌基督的憐憫,以至於永遠的生命。』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;"> 在約翰書信,如壹書四13~14:『神已將祂的靈賜給我們,在此就知道我們住在祂裡面,祂也住在我們裡面。父差子作世人的救主,這是我們所看見,現在又作見證的。』這裏有神、神的靈和子。在啟示錄也看見神聖的三一:『願恩典與平安,從那今是昔是以後永是的,從祂寶座前的七靈,並從那忠信的見證人、死人中的首生者、為地上君王元首的耶穌基督,歸與你們。』(啟一4下~5上,二一3,9,23,二二1~2。)這裏題到那今是昔是以後永是的、七靈,以及耶穌基督。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"> 因此,我們可以說,整本新約是以神聖的三一結構而成的。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">雖然在舊約沒有父、子、靈三者清楚的明言,卻從經文中可隱約的得知神有這三方面的講究。譬如,在民數記六章神要祭司以三重的方式祝福祂的子民以色列人,隱約啓示出神有父、子、靈三方面的講究。神說,『你們要這樣爲以色列人祝福,說,「願耶和華賜福與你,保守你。願耶和華使祂的臉光照你,施恩給你。願耶和華向你仰臉,賜平安給你。」(23~26另譯。)這三重的祝福吻合新約所說神聖三一的祝福。『願耶和華賜福與你,保守你』乃是父神的祝福。祂使我們蒙保守在父神的名裏,就是在祂神聖的人位裏,並蒙保守脫離那惡者。(約十七11,15)。『願耶和華使祂的臉光照你,施恩給你』乃是子神的祝福。祂作爲從高天臨到我們的清晨的日光,使我們接受祂,並且恩上加恩(路一78,約一16)。『願耶和華向你仰臉,賜平安給你』,乃是靈神的祝福。祂作爲三一神活的同在,賜給我們出人意外的平安。(約二十21~22,腓四7)。再者,以賽亞書四十八章十六節下說,『現在主耶和華差遣我和祂的靈來。』這更隱示神乃是三一的。 時代論學者Scofield 的Study Bible在該處的經文批註裏亦說,『「我」,說到道成肉身的基督,祂在這裏與全能的主和靈相關連,給我們瞥見舊約的三一(Trinity)。』</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2013%E7%A7%8B_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(1)%EF%BC%9A%E5%95%9F%E7%A4%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%89%B5%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96/Theology_I_exam_2_%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B81%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A62.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title="">[2]</a> </span></span></span></span>另外,舊約有也些地方以『三』為經文的架構,如以賽亞六章3節:『(撒拉弗)彼此呼喊說,聖哉,聖哉,聖哉,萬軍之耶和華;祂的榮光充滿全地。』三次呼喊『聖哉』,似乎是向著聖父、聖子、聖靈,隱約啓示出神有父、子、靈三方面的講究(參啟四8)。</div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>第三,舊約啟示神的『三』,主要是在三者的行動、作為上;新約啟示神的『三』,指明三者都有位格,且三者都享同等的神性:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>(</b></span><span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>1</b></span><span style="font-family: , serif; text-align: left;"><b>)</b></span><span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>舊約啟示神的『三』,主要是在三者的行動、作為上</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>在創造上</b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: , serif;"> 創世記一2~3節說,神的靈覆罩在水面上。神說,要有光,就有了光。詩三三6說,諸天藉耶和華的話而造,萬象藉祂口中的氣而成。可見創造時,父神是說話者(創一3)、子基督是父所說出的話(詩三三6,箴八)、靈神來配合運行(創一2)(『靈』希伯文與『氣』同字)。父、子、靈三者共同參與創造的工作。然而,這裏只含示一位(說話者)是有位格的,所說出的話和靈(或氣)並沒有含示是有位格的或是神格的一位。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>在爭戰上</b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: , serif;"> 如在士師記六章,當基甸準備同以色列人爭戰時,『耶和華的使者』向基甸顯現(12),『耶和華』就向基甸說話(14),然後,『耶和華的靈』就披戴在基甸身上(34),加強他的能力。這裏看見父、子、靈三者共同幫助以色列人爭戰。然而,『耶和華的使者』向基甸顯現時,說話者卻是『耶和華』,而『耶和華的靈』只是作為加強爭戰的能力。</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: , serif;">在</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">建造上</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"> 在出埃及記三十五章,耶和華召了比撒列建造會幕(30),以神的靈充滿他,使他有智慧,有悟性,有知識,能作各樣的工(31)。這裏有題及『耶和華』和『神的靈』,都有參與建造的工作。然而,似乎呼召的耶和華是有位格的,沒有含示神的靈有位格,神的靈只是作為人的能力。</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: , serif;">在</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>拯救上</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"> 在以賽亞六十三章,先知以賽亞論到以色列的復興時說,『(以色列人)在一切苦難中,祂也同受苦難。』(9上),『祂面前的使者』拯救他們;祂在自己的愛和憐憫中救贖他們,在古時的一切日子保抱他們,懷搋他們(9下),他們竟悖逆,使主『聖別的靈』憂愁。(10上)。這裏指明『耶和華』、『耶和華的使者』和『聖別的靈』都有參與拯救以色列人的工作。父定意拯救者,子是拯救者,靈是聖別人者。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>小結:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"> 舊約有啟示神的『三』的方面,但主要是在三者參與的行動和作為上,如創造、爭戰、建造、拯救等。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>(</b></span><span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>2</b></span><span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>)</b></span><span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>新約清楚啟示神格的三者都是神</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"> 新約啟示神格的三者都是神(但不是三位神)。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">父是神。新約聖經多處經文說到父神。以弗所一章十七節保羅說,『我們主耶穌基督的神,榮耀的父』;四章六節說,『一神,就是衆人的父』;林前一章三節說,『神我們的父』;彼前一章二、三節說,『…父神的先見,…我們主耶穌基督的父神!』。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">子也是神。我們必須清楚看見神的兒子耶穌乃是神。希伯來一章八節說,『論到子卻說「神阿,你的寶座是永永遠遠的」』;羅馬九章五節宣稱基督是『在萬有之上,永遠可稱頌的神。』約翰一章一節,十四節啓示耶穌是太初永遠的話,就是神,祂成了肉體並且住在人的中間。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">靈也是神。在行傳五章三至四節裏,我們看見靈是神。第三節彼得告訴亞拿尼亞,他欺哄了聖靈;而在下一節說,他欺哄了神。在這兩節中,聖靈等於神。保羅在林前三章十六節說,我們是神的殿;而六章十九節又說我們是聖靈的殿。聖靈並非獨一之神以外的另一位神,聖靈從永遠到永遠就是獨一的神自己。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;"> 新約清楚的啟示我們,父子靈三者都是神,但這三者不是三位神,乃是一位神。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>總結和反思</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"> 在聖經裏,雖然重點有些不同,但無論是在舊約或是在新約,都有關於三一神的啟示。因著舊約是新約的影兒、圖畫和預言,新約是舊約的實際和應驗,故舊約三一神的啟示是隱含的方式,新約三一神的啟示是明言的方式。有些信徒以為,只有在新約才有關於三一神的教導。然而,整本聖經都是啟示神是三一的。我們若持守正統的三一信仰,則不能忽視舊約的教導。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">如果完全忽視舊約的教導,可能會有以下的後果:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>第一,會使人懷疑聖經新舊約的一致性:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">因為三一神是基督教信仰的核心真理之一。它啟示的根據必須是從整本聖經綜合得來,而非單憑某一節、某一卷或某一部分。新約既是舊約啟示的延續和發展,也是舊約的實際和應驗,關於三一神這核心真理的啟示的起始和根基也必是存在於舊約。若忽視舊約的三一神教導,就無法給人看見聖經啟示的一致性和連續性,讓人對聖經的整體啟示產生疑問。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>第二,從教義發展歷史的角度看,會使基督教信仰失去根基和立場:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">另外,</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">從教義發展歷史的角度看,基督教的根基完全是在於舊約聖經。基督教信仰的中心和對象是耶穌基督。初期教會使徒們和教父們所要作的見證,就是「耶穌」是那舊約聖經中所預言、所應許要來,帶給世人救恩的受膏者、彌賽亞、基督。這位「耶穌」,既是舊約的耶和華神親自道成了肉身,也是永遠裏的神的兒子。第一代的使徒們並不是另立創立全新的宗教。相反,他們是相信舊約聖經的啟示,而耶穌正應驗了是舊約關於基督之預言和預表。故此,他們必須要援引用舊約聖經,指出耶穌的生活與工作如何應驗了舊約。此外,新約正典在頭一世紀末在全部成書 。</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2013%E7%A7%8B_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(1)%EF%BC%9A%E5%95%9F%E7%A4%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%89%B5%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96/Theology_I_exam_2_%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B81%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A62.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title="">[3]</a> </span></span></span></span>其後,雖然新約書卷在各教會內普遍獲得正典的地位,但是到第五世紀初,全部新約正典才正式確定。<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2013%E7%A7%8B_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(1)%EF%BC%9A%E5%95%9F%E7%A4%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%89%B5%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96/Theology_I_exam_2_%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B81%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A62.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title="">[4]</a> </span></span></span></span>因此,舊約聖經成了使徒們、教父們和信徒最重要的信仰經典和基礎。</div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">根據教會歷史發展,當耶穌作為基督、救主、救恩的成就者的身分得著確認後,教會就</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">接著</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">開始探討耶穌基督作為神的兒子,與父的關係是如何。第二世紀有一派異端為馬吉安(Marcion)派,因認為新約和舊約所啟示的神是不同的,自行嘗試編列他心中的《新約》正典,並刪除與他觀念不合的書卷。引起教父們強烈的回應。這表明教父們強烈的護衛舊約的權威對基督信仰的重要性,並不認同新約和舊約所啟示的神是有衝突和矛盾的。</span><br />
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爾後,經過325年的尼西亞大公會議,子和父的關係基本上得到確定—子與父為同質(<i>homoousia</i>),二者的神性是相同的。及至第四世紀後半,教會的討論才再思考聖靈的身分。經過加帕多加等教父們的努力後,聖靈的神性和位格得到確定,三一論基本上得著完滿闡釋。至此,確認新約聖經清楚的啟示神的三一,而這位三一神就是舊約所啟示同一位的神。雖然在舊約沒有明顯的揭示,卻有多處明顯的隱含三一神的啟示。故此,整本聖經,新約和舊約,均有關於三一神的啟示。舊約為新約的根基,新約為舊約的延續和發展。舊約三一神的啟示是用隱含的方式,新約三一神的啟示是用明言的方式。整本聖經都啟示神是三一的。<br />
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"> 故此,從教義發展的歷史觀點看,若舊約的三一神論不穩固,則新約所啟示三一神就和舊約的神有衝突了,這樣,新約的正典地位就被懷疑了,整個基督教的根基就動搖了。情況就會像今日摩門教,摩門經所啟示的神因和新約的有極大不吻合,摩門經被教會所質疑其啟示性,故摩門教也就被質疑了其正統性。因此,基督教的根基完全是在於舊約聖經。我們必須給人教導關於舊約三一神的啟示,也必須要給人顯示新約如何與舊約在三一神的啟示上是一致,基督教才能證明自身的合法性和真實性。不然,就會使基督教信仰失去根基和立場。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>第三,從信徒的經歷看,信徒就會失去許多如何經歷三一神的細節的圖畫:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">三一神的真理不是僅為著客觀的教義,而是為著信徒在生命上的經歷的。林後十三章十四節說:『願主耶穌基督的恩,神的愛,聖靈的交通,與你們眾人同在。』聖經</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 12pt;">《</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">恢復本</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 16px;">》譯本</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">在這節有一個很好的註解,指出神聖的三一不是僅為著信徒神學上的研究,而是為著信徒在生命上對三一神的經歷和享受:</span></div>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">『主的恩就是主自己作我們的生命,給我們享受;(約一17,林前十五10),神的愛就是神自己,(約壹四8,16,)作主恩的源頭;聖靈的交通就是聖靈自己,作了主恩同著神愛的傳輸,給我們有分。這不是三件分開的東西,乃是一件東西的三方面,正如主、神、聖靈不是三位分開的神,乃是“同一位不分開,也不能分開之神的三個實質。”(Philip Schaff,薛夫。)…本節很強的證明,神格的三一,不是為著人在道理上領會系統的神學,乃是為著神在祂的三一裡,把自己分賜到所揀選並救贖的人裡面。在聖經中,神聖三一從未僅僅當作道理啟示人,總是在說到神與祂的造物,特別與祂所造的人,尤其是與祂所揀選並救贖之人的關係時,纔啟示或說到。…因此,聖經從創世記到啟示錄,對神格的三一所有的神聖啟示,顯然都不是為著神學上的研究,乃是為著叫我們領會,神在祂奧祕而奇妙的三一裡,如何將祂自己分賜到祂所揀選的人裡面,使我們這些蒙祂揀選、救贖的人,能像使徒對哥林多信徒的祝福所指明的,有分於、經歷、享受並得著經過過程的三一神,從今時直到永遠。』(<a href="http://recoveryversion.com.tw/Style0A/026/FunShow011.php?B=47_13_14_0_1">林後十三14註1</a>)</span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">舊約聖經像是一幅圖畫,給我們新約信徒對三一神的經歷的詳細細節,而新約則說明實際和教訓。舉例,新約教導信徒要有信心,信靠神,不信靠自己(參林後一9),但信心的榜樣和信心的道路如何,舊約挪亞、亞伯拉罕、大衛等等的經歷,就給我們新約信徒許多圖畫的細節。他們與我們所經歷的,都是同一位三一神。</span>儘管舊約還沒有明言父子靈三者,但他們已經歷了父神的愛、保守,子神的拯救、恩典,靈神的臨在、安慰等等。這些細節能幫助新約信徒對三一神的經歷,幫助他們生命長大。故此,若是光有新約的教導而沒有舊約的教導,則信徒就缺乏細節經歷的圖畫,容易將新約的教訓變成客觀的道理,而使信徒靈命受到虧損。<br />
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2013%E7%A7%8B_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(1)%EF%BC%9A%E5%95%9F%E7%A4%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%89%B5%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96/Theology_I_exam_2_%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B81%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A62.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" lang="">NPNF1-05. St. Augustine: Anti-Pelagian Writings, Chapter 27 [XV.] (http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf105.xi.xxx.html)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: , serif;"><span face="" lang=""><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2013%E7%A7%8B_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(1)%EF%BC%9A%E5%95%9F%E7%A4%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%89%B5%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96/Theology_I_exam_2_%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B81%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A62.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="font-family: "times new roman";" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">《新司可福參考聖經》(</span><span face="" lang="">The New Scofield Reference Bible</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)在該處的經文批註裏說,『這是舊約中暗示三一(</span><span face="" lang="">Trinity</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)最清楚的(經文)之一,因爲這裏說話的不是先知,而是主自己。</span><span face="" lang="">(</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">參考</span><span face="" lang="">12</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">節</span><span face="" lang="">)</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。』</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: , serif;"><span face="" lang=""><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2013%E7%A7%8B_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(1)%EF%BC%9A%E5%95%9F%E7%A4%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%89%B5%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96/Theology_I_exam_2_%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B81%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A62.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="font-family: "times new roman";" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> 新約最後一卷書成書一般相信為《啟示錄》,於主後96年完成。</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: , serif;"><span face="" lang=""><span face="" lang=""><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2013%E7%A7%8B_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(1)%EF%BC%9A%E5%95%9F%E7%A4%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%89%B5%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96/Theology_I_exam_2_%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B81%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A62.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="font-family: "times new roman";" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman";"> 主後419年,新約27卷在迦太基會議中被正式接納為正典。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> </span></span></span></span>brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-41190156699385319382016-06-21T23:48:00.006-07:002020-08-30T16:11:46.202-07:00歷史神學〈5〉:探究敬虔主義的本質<div style="text-align: center;"><div>湃 恩</div></div>
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華人教會的特色之一,乃是深受到歐洲十七世紀興起的敬虔主義影響。故值得我們華人基督徒探究這敬虔主義的本質,以助反思今日華人教會的得與失。<br />
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<b>敬虔主義的興起和特點</b></div>
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狹義來說,敬虔主義是專特指在十七世紀晚期至十八世紀中期在德國路德宗內興起的運動。其實在此運動以前,在十六世紀的歐陸和英國,也有相近的基督徒信仰靈修和信仰的呼聲,如歐陸有Johnn Arndt(1555-1621年)和Jocab Boehme(1575-1624年),他們寫了一些靈修作品,內容主要為個人靈修體驗和神祕經驗;而在英國,則有『清教徒運動 』(Puritans movements)。他們大多是來自歐洲回到英國的加爾文主義者或改革宗。他們不滿聖公會採取妥協路線,一些後來離開英國,到荷蘭、德國、北美等。但產生較大之影響要到十七世紀德國的敬虔運動起始。他們的共通點都是:尋求(1)個人生命的更新轉變,(2) 實質的對神或宗教經歷,及(3)成聖的追求。<br />
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敬虔主義的特點有:主張信徒個人靈修時精讀聖經;全體信徒皆為祭司;愛心與知識並重;在神學辯論上,不求個人和自私的爭執,只求真理得以辨明;以更高的道德標準重組神學教育;復興福音宣講;主日講章應以建立信眾的靈性生活為目的,等等。<br />
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<b>敬虔運動的起始和發展</b></div>
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德國敬虔運動的起始者可算是德國人施本爾(Philip Jakob Spener,1635-1705年),他有『敬虔主義之父 』之稱。然後,這運動的發展與興盛在他的跟隨者富朗開(August Hermann Francke,1663-1727年)時期。雖然他們不太被德國正統路德宗教會認同,卻為他們注入活力,甚至也吸引德國其他宗派如改革宗信徒跟從。其後,親岑多夫(Count Zinzendorf,1700—1760年)及摩拉維亞弟兄會為十八世紀中這個運動的著名代表。不久,英國的約翰衛斯理(John Wesley,1703—1791年)也深刻地受莫拉維弟兄會,特別是他們挑戰性的問題:有否真正從他自己的內心確實已得救的經驗?衛斯理後來得著『得救 』之主觀經歷後,決心要復興當時死沉的教會和社會政治亂象的英國社會。結果,帶進英國教會新的大復興—循道運動。與循道運動幾乎同時,在十八世紀,敬虔主義這條線也從德國歐陸和英國影響到美國,產生大覺醒運動(Awakening movement)。主要領導者為愛德華滋(Jonathan Edwards,1703-1758年)、懷特腓(George Whitefield,1714-1770年)和田能特(Gilbert Tennent,1703-1764年)等。</div>
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<b>敬虔主義—當代潮流的反動</b></div>
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一面,十七世紀末德國敬虔主義的出現某程度上是當代潮流的反動,是對十七至十八世紀那時代的反應和抗議。敬虔主義所抗議的是當時代:(1)正統教會的信條主義(Confessionalism),(2)啟蒙的唯理主義、以及自然神論。他們的反抗是訴諸於對聖靈及聖經的重視。</div>
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<b>(一)對正統主義(orthodoxy)的反抗</b></div>
首先,敬虔主義是對十七世紀歐洲教會的正統主義的一種反抗。十六世紀宗教改革後,教會越來越多將注意力放在自己與別宗派的不同,產生「信條主義」,就是以信條為自己身分的標記。那時在不同地方的更正教或天主教會,立了許多一致條例(Act of Uniformity),都將許多活潑的信仰變成某種教義的認同。官方教會既變成形式主義和僵化的信條。與此同時,理性主義如自然神論者又帶來衝擊。教會受理性主義和教條主義影響,漸漸將基督教本來活潑的信仰化成一套僵化、呆板、抽象的教理,而信心變成了對這套教理的宣認。崇拜時的講道變得乏味,其餘一切的活動,如聖禮,也變得很規條化。<br />
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因著當時代信仰的形式化和虛空化,教會中就有一呼聲和渴望,想尋找出路,結果在十七世紀產生了對此光景的回應和抗議—敬虔主義。在這種治沉悶的宗教生活中,有不少對信仰熱忱的信徒,開始尋求新的方向與經歷。一些信徒先是興起於德國路德宗派之內,他們志在蘇醒那被正統派所窒死的信仰,而強調基督教之個人的、靈性的、與實踐的方面,以反抗制度化的、形式主義的、理智性的偏差。這是為德國敬虔主義的開始。<br />
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<b>理性的偏差</b></div>
正統主義神學家常常強用理性去確立、証明聖經的真理,滿意於僵化、呆板、抽象的教義。例如,路德宗的新一代神學家,決定要好好整理路德和墨蘭頓的教導。但他們過分注重教義的系統性,超過教義在生活上的實用性。這些新的神學體系大部份都是經院研究得出來的產品,卻並非是用於講道或關心靈魂的事情上。它們帶來一種嚴格的信條主義風氣。敬虔主義則較不重『正統 』的神學,不重視傳統的權威來源,強調信仰感性的一面,強調『平信徒 』的信仰經驗,強調道德的生活。他們拒絕逐漸僵化的理性思考模式,強調以心靈與情威去體驗宗教的靈光,強調信仰不只是頭腦上的知識,更加是一種生活的方式。<br />
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<b>形式的偏差</b></div>
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<b> </b>因著正統主義強硬確立自己所持的見解才是真理,對於任何神學思想的偏差都不能容忍,在教會內常引起爭端,使基督徒彼此分裂。敬虔主義者把教義的論辯看成不重要的事,也不關心教派的分別,他們所注重的,是個人的宗教經驗與靈修。例如,新岑鐸夫帶領摩爾維亞的弟兄們,受邀請到他的撒克遜領地建立『主護村』(Herrnhut)。後來也有各處其他宗派受宗教逼迫的弟兄們加入。他們起初也結黨紛爭或批評別人,後來彼此認罪而得到聖靈的更新,使他們甘心樂意地放下自己,學習接納對方,並在主裡合一。他們在社區內訂定共同生活的條規,一同作息並靈修。他們棄掉形式上的組織,沒有總會、分會之類人為的統一;他們也盡力放下道理上不同的見解,轉而注重彼此相同的點。這是此類基督徒社區的第一個樣本。同樣,1700至1750年間,在英國的聖公會也陷入形式主義的泥潭,只注重禮儀,而輕忽生命的造就,教會缺少生機。正統神學家雖然成功地抵制了自然神論,但卻沒有帶給信徒在基督裏的新生命。約翰衛斯理領受了新的復興經驗後,矢志復興英國教會。他從來沒有意圖脫離英國教會,而是在教會內帶領信徒悔改、回到聖經,奮興信徒,並幫助復興了的信徒建立小組,研讀聖經、彼此勉勵、禱告代禱等繼續深化生命的更新。</div>
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<b>狹隘的偏差</b></div>
路德與加爾文非常強調神的主權,認定神國度的擴展只能由祂親自推動,人除了禱告之外無能為力,因此傳統更正教的宣教意識並不強烈,再加上宗教改革後民族主義冒起,因此佈道事工也頗受狹隘的民族主義所限制。至十八世紀在摩拉維亞弟兄會佈道運動以前,正統更正教鮮有向外佈道的觀念和宣教異象,也不曾推動任何跨文化的宣教工作。更正教的海外宣教思想和行動起步甚晚,甚至比天主教遜色。在十八世紀初,新岑鐸夫所帶領的德國敬虔運動,除了差派宣教士更新復興歐洲各國的官方教會屬靈情形,重新恢復信仰的活潑外,也開始更正教首次較正式的宣教工作,是為更正教差會誕生之始。『主護村』成為十八世紀基督徒復興運動的中心,他們更開始實行長達一百年的每天24小時的守望禱告,所差往海外宣教之人數更為更正教之冠。<br />
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<b>(二)對理性主義(rationalism)的反抗</b></div>
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<b>過度客觀的偏差</b></div>
敬虔主義也是對當時代啟蒙運動中理性主義的一種反抗。啟蒙運動的哲學,把神變成無限大、無限遠、與人仿佛毫無相關之處,而啟蒙運動中的宗教代表—自然神論,相信的那一位神,是像一個鐘錶匠,創造了宇宙,卻讓這個宇宙按著自然定律自行運作。神在宇宙設置自然定律在人內在設置自然理性,人只須運用理性探求自然規律,不須直接探索神。敬虔主義特意強調神與人的親近,強調神對人的看顧保守並個人人生的計畫。施本爾看見教會的景況後,認為信徒的屬靈生命需要改變,恢復路德改教的精神,他認為恢復信徒信仰之活潑力和生氣就需要透過讀經、禱告與查經來造就基督徒活潑的靈命。他在他所寫的《渴慕敬虔》(Desideria)一書中,清楚地呼籲信徒聚在一起研讀聖經,摒棄神學的爭辯及抽象的理性思維,而在實際的敬虔操練中體驗及實踐聖經的真理。施本爾也強調生命的跟從。他在路德宗教會牧會時,籌組家中的實行小組聚會,讀聖經、讀經、分享、禱告、靈修、討論講章;人們稱此類小組聚會為『敬虔小組 』(<i>Collegia Pietatis</i>),這是『敬虔主義 』名稱的來源。小組成組也會一同做社會關懷的服務。他嚴厲批評當時德國教會和牧職人員墮落和失職,變成信條的認同,只為以茲識別自身的傳統而失去原初活潑信心,沉於辯論真理,忽略了幫助群體中不識字的信徒,教導他們聖經。聖經才是牧職人員該教導其他信徒的主題,他們該殷勤地教導聖經真理,幫助人解答聖經疑難。<br />
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<b>對人性過度的善和樂觀的偏差</b></div>
啟蒙人和自然神論者都相信人有良善的本質(忽視人罪的問題),對人類能力和社會進步的都是樂觀的。人類慢慢地進步和在地上建立更圓滿的社會只會是自然的結果。因著對人性過度的善和樂觀,忽視人罪的問題,教會中許多『掛名』、沒有悔改重生經驗的基督徒。敬虔主義特強調『重生 』是一種新的判準,來判斷依各人是否是一個認真的基督徒,也注重個人得救的經驗和神秘經驗。如約翰衛斯理教導信徒重生經歷,為人提供鑒別救恩確據的方法。只要內心經歷聖靈的充滿,獲得某個超自然的內在體驗,就是已蒙神拯救的明證。宗教經驗是辨別信仰真偽的確據。此外,基督徒必須常常操練認罪悔改,來到十字架面前。不僅經歷悔改,更是求赦免,領受赦免,相信赦免,領受活水的江河直湧到永生。例如在北美大覺醒運動中,強調個人的歸正(conversion)。那時是十八世紀前期,許多原是靈性堅定的清教徒後代,由於自然神論及唯理主義之風的興起,使這些新英格蘭殖民地的教會進入沉睡狀態,教會沉陷在可歎的低潮光景中。懷特腓講道時,活生生地描述神的震怒,並力勸罪人盡速逃避,使許多人都有的個人悔改的經驗,靈性得著復興,內在更新,充滿了神的同在。<br />
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<b>敬虔主義—當代潮流的反照</b></div>
和大多數時代中的大多數新興運動一樣,敬虔主義某程度上是當代潮流的反動,另一面,敬虔主義某程度上是那個時代—啟蒙時代的反照。<br />
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<b>啟蒙精神</b></div>
『啟蒙』的精神是轉向主體(turn to the subjects),以人為主體,不再將注意放在外在啟示上 (outward revelation)。『啟蒙』時代強調的人的獨立和自主(autonomy),不再接受那令人信服之他律式的權柄,認為人能運用自己天賦的理性,了解和預測外在的自然世界。人也是自由的,能運用自己的自由意志作決定,過人類的共同生活。啟蒙人對外在權威很反對,人該運用他理智的判斷一切外在的權威,如教會、聖經經文等。任何外在的權威都是削弱人理性自由的運用。<br />
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<b>(一)個人的參與和主導性:</b></div>
啟蒙時代的特徵是相信人類是被釋放的、自主的個體。這自主是相對於中世紀時認為人需要立於與神和與教會的關係之中。個人變得重要,並且成為人們興趣之所在。相似地,敬虔主義雖不反對教會體制權威,但教會體制並非他們的關注點。他們不太重視教會體制,而是強調在信仰和信仰的實踐上,個人的參與和主導性。施本爾在1675年他出版的一本書《Pia Desideria, Long for Piety》中,他嘗試論證每一信徒都該有聖經研習,每個信徒都能期望聖靈能在讀經中光照,且可在小組中進行,幫助成員的生命成長。並且,敬拜中,每信徒都該活潑參與。敬虔實踐中,每人都該在生活中進表達出來。我們可以說,敬虔主義強調信徒個人的參與和主導性,將基督教的信仰變得個人化和主觀化。它一面抗議主流教會中教條式信仰和教會的外在權威,另一面又反映了啟蒙運動所標示的個人性與主體性。<br />
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<b>(二)回到聖經:</b></div>
文藝復興的人文主義的口號之一為:『回到本源 』(<i>ad fonts</i>)。宗教改革家呼應著這回到本源的口號,要回到使徒、教父的年代和聖經的文本中。十六世紀初在歐洲廣泛流傳且深具影響力的著作之一,是伊拉斯謨的《基督精兵手冊(Enchiridion militis Christiani)》。本書於1503年初版,它是針對受過教育的男女平信徒撰寫的,讓平信徒讀者感到對自我的理解經歷重大的改變。書中聲稱教會若回歸到教父和聖經著作上,就可以革新。恆常閱讀聖經是提升平信徒敬虔的鑰匙,也是教會可以更新與改革的基礎。到十七世紀末,敬虔主義者也強調要回到聖經文本。施本爾堅持信徒需要不斷回到聖經,並且用一個火熱和敬虔的心靈來閱讀它。<br />
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啟蒙運動的科學和哲學的發展,使人們對歷來教會中所教導的宇宙觀和人生觀,不再毫無保留地全部接受。法國的笛卡兒(Rene Descartes,1596-1650年),倡導一切知識均以懷疑為起點,他認為對所有的事物都應抱持懷疑的態度,必須先有確據,纔肯相信。文藝復興時,文本鑑別術開始發展。至進入啟蒙,這技術大大發展並應用至聖經文本上,然而,受唯理主義影響,聖言卻減損為純粹歷史,只是一份與現代人無關的古老文本。同樣,敬虔主義也是要把信仰,從信條、信經帶回到聖經中。例如,施本爾也注重理性的訓練,強調讀任何文本時要看上下文、背景等來決定經文的意思。他將這嚴格放在聖經上,並施教在信徒身上。與理性主義者不同的是,他們倡導要在聖靈的光照之下,聖靈的引導之下來讀聖經。<br />
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<b>(三)信仰在生活中實踐出來:</b></div>
啟蒙運動中的自然神論者,認為耶穌基督只是一位猶太教師,祂是關注人的道德、倫理的簡單生活,而沒有奧祕或超自然的部分。道德的生活和敬虔是人能夠給予神最重要的敬拜。啟蒙時期後期的哲學家康德,指宗教就是道德的作用(Function of morality)。他們都認為信仰實踐的主要內容就是合乎自然理性的道德倫理。同樣,敬虔主義也注重道德生活,強調信仰在生活中的實踐。信徒需要過聖潔的生活、教會的生活為屬靈的家庭、領人歸主作見證和參與宣教等。施本爾受改革宗影響,除注重因信稱義外,也注重成聖的追求。他也強調道德生活,對信徒有更高的道德要求,如在食物、飲料和衣著方面都需要節制。約翰衛斯理指出一個基督徒應活出一個像基督的生命,不僅是終末時全然被轉化像祂,而在今世中也已應活出來。推進敬虔運動最重要的人物親岑多夫也注重信仰實踐和見證。他在哈爾受教育時深受敬虔主義的熏陶,對於傳福音也滿有熱忱。他所帶領的摩爾維亞弟兄會熱心傳福音,甘願往任何地方為基督福音作見證,盼使全地歸順基督。他們是基督教各宗派中,最先認真地遵行基督『大使命 』的團體。所差出去的有帶職事奉以及神職人員,他們學習各種學問及當地的語言,過簡樸的共同生活,幫助當地人。結果,使他們對其他各宗派在傳揚福音方面,產生極大的影響,影響了衛斯理約翰的信仰與宣教策略,宣教模式也影響了十九世紀許多差會,如倫敦差會。<br />
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<b>(四)進步觀:</b></div>
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<b> </b>還有一點,敬虔主義雖然對抗著啟蒙運動帶來的理性化過程,但敬虔主義某角度來看也和啟蒙運動一樣,都肯定人的能力,相信人類進步、趨近完美的可能性。只是,啟蒙運動所肯定的,是人的道德、智慧、科學的進步與成就,而敬虔主義強調的,卻是人在靈性上的鍛鍊,會使人趨近神所要求的完全。例如,約翰衛斯理教導『全然成聖 』的教訓,獲得聖靈經歷的人可以達到『基督徒的完全 』。但此種成聖並非人為努力可達成,完全是聖靈的恩典與作為。因相對於藉聖靈而得的救贖之恩,他稱此為『聖靈的第二次恩典 』。</div>
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<b>總結</b></div>
和大多數時代中的大多數新興運動一樣,敬虔主義某程度上是對當代潮流的反動,抗議那時代十七世紀在正統教會的教條主義的偏重理性、僵化形式和狹義的偏差,以及抗議啟蒙運動的理性主義(包括自然神論)的過度客觀、唯理、偏重人性善和樂觀的偏差。他們的反抗是訴諸於對聖靈及聖經的重視。個人的參與和主導性、回到聖經、注重生活的實踐和追求完全等。這些都是與當時唯理主義盛行之教會和時代的反動和補缺,然而卻也與啟蒙運動的精神有相似之處,就是啟蒙那轉入以人為主體,強調人的獨立和自主,人是被釋放的、自主的個體,能自由運用理性,相信人性進步等精神。故敬虔主義可說某程度上是那時代—啟蒙時代的反照。<br />
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<br />brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-57479715983992279372016-06-20T02:52:00.005-07:002020-08-30T16:12:04.819-07:00歷史神學系列〈4〉:探究迦克墩界說中基督論的出發點 Investigating the Starting Point of Christology in Chalcedonian Definition<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">湃 恩</span></div><br />
<span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;">筆者在本文旨在從涅斯多留(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;">Nestorius</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;">AD386-451</span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;">)的《駁生神者的第一講章(</span><i style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">First Sermon Against the Theotokos</span></i><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;">)》,以及亞歷山大的區利羅(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;">Cyril of Alexandra</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;">AD376-444</span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;">)的《論基督的合一(</span><i style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">On the Unity of Christ</span></i><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;">)》,論證在第五</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;">世紀</span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;">涅斯多留</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;">與區利羅之間的基督論爭論中,區利羅憑著聚焦於救恩的經綸,以及運用「屬性相通」的概念,他成功地達到三個目標:</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;">(1)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;">批判了涅斯多留對基督道成肉身的理解;</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;">(2)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;">為以「生神者」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;">God-bearer</span><span style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;">)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;">稱呼童貞女馬利亞提供了辯護理由;並最後</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;"> (3)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt;">發展出基督論模型的表達方式,奠定迦克墩會議中基督論界說的公式。</span><br />
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">In this essay, I argue according to </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">Nestorius</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">
's Arius’s <i>First Sermon Against the Theotokos</i> and </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">Cyril of Alexandra</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">’s </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">On the Unity</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">, that in the fifth century Christological controversy between Nestorius of
Constantinople and Cyril of Alexandria, by focusing on the economy of salvation
and using the concept of "communication of attributes", Cyril successfully
achieved three goals: (1) criticized Nestorian's understanding on Christ's
incarnation; (2) justified the use of the title "<i>Theotokos</i>"
(God-bearer) on Virgin Mary; and finally (3) developed the articulation of
Christological model, which enables the formulation of the "Definition of
Faith" in the Council of Chalcedon.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">涅斯多留對「生神者」和基督成肉身的理解</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Nestorians’ Understanding of "<i>Theotokos</i>"
and Christ's Incarnation</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">涅斯多留受訓於安提阿學派,他採用「道</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">-</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">人」基督論(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">Word-human Christology</span><span style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">)模型</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">,相信神聖的道住在完全的人位—耶穌—裡,因而強調基督的人性。他於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">428</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">年上任為君士坦丁堡牧首後,認為用「生神者」來稱呼馬利亞極不恰當,這稱呼暗示「神有一個母親」,並認為馬利亞不過是「生了一個人」,是「神的工具」而已。因此,他建議改以使用「生人者」(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">anthropotokos</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">)或「生基督者」(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">Christotokos</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">)來稱呼馬利亞。並且,涅斯多留為著持守神的不變性和不能受苦</span><span style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">性</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">,他認為成肉身之基督有兩種性情,經歷受苦和復活的,乃是基督的人性,而基督的神性則一直沒有受影</span><span style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">響</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">而改變,甚至連成肉身也沒有讓神性有所改變。</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">As trained in Antiochene
School, </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">Nestorius
</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">employs a Word-human Christology model, which believes
that the divine Word lived within the fully human person, Jesus, thus emphasizing
the humanity of Christ. After becoming Patriarch of Constantinople in 428,
Nestorius argued that the title </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">Theotokos</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"> was highly inappropriate for Mary, implying
"God has a mother", and that Mary only "gave birth to the human
being, the instrument of the Godhead". He thus suggested to call Mary <i>anthropotokos
</i>(man-bearer) or <i>Christotokos</i> (Christ-bearer) instead.<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Moreover, for </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">up</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">holding God's
immutability and impassibility<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>,
Nestorius maintains that the natures of the incarnate Christ are two in number,
and it is Christ's humanity that suffers and is raised up, whereas Christ's
divinity is always unaffected by change, even undergoing Incarnation.<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">區利羅對涅斯多留的成肉身觀的批判</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Cyril’s critique of the Nestorian perception of the
Incarnation</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%;">區利羅面對涅斯多留的挑戰,他著眼於尋求一種論述方式能同時肯定神聖的不變性和不能受苦性,以及基督的神人二性的合一性。他跟隨亞歷山大學派的「道</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">-</span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%;">肉」基督論(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">Word-Flesh
Christology</span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%;">)</span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%;">模型</span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%;">,強調基督的神性。區利羅相信根據約翰的經文「道成了肉身」(約一</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">14</span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%;">),在成肉身中神聖的道與人性的肉身有</span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%;">在</span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%;">本體上的聯合。區利羅繼承亞歷山大的傳統,強調在道成肉身中完全的人性與完全的神性有無法分割的合一。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">Facing Nestorius's challenges, Cyril is
concerned to find an articulation to simultaneously affirm both the divine </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">immutability</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"> and impassibility, as well as the
divine-human unity of Christ. Following Alexandrian's Word-flesh Christology
model, which emphasizes the divinity of Christ, Cyril believes that based on
the Johannine verse - “The Word became <i>flesh</i>” (John 1:14)<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>,
there is a substantial union of divine Word and human flesh in Incarnation. Cyril
inherits Alexandrian tradition, emphasizing the indivisible unity of full
humanity and full divinity when the Word became flesh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%;">使用「結合」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">Conjunction</span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%;">)和「聯合」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">Union</span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%;">)產生不同含意</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><b>Different Implications in using "Conjunction" and
"Union"</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%;">區利羅首先批判涅斯多留使用「結合」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">Conjunction</span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%;">)而非從以前教父們所慣常使用的「聯合」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">Union</span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%;">)這辭。涅斯多留擔心「聯合」這辭會暗示「混淆所指涉的事物」,但區利羅證明涅斯多留的成肉身觀明顯地有違聖經經文。區利羅指出與道「結合」並不足以表明成肉身之道的神性,並因而將成肉身的子分裂成兩個「子」—神子與人子。區利羅進而批判涅斯多留派將獨生之道換作成他們所宣稱與道結合的受造物,使道看似不過是「拯救和提升我們的人」。我們所敬</span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%;">拜的「不過是人造的偶像」而已。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">To begin with, Cyril criticized Nestorius's
use of the term "conjunction" rather than "union", which is
the customary and conventional term that comes down from the fathers. Nestorians
worried the term "union" implied "the confusion of things it
refers to",<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> however, Cyril shows how
the Nestorian concept of the incarnation clearly goes against the Scripture. He
pointed out that a "conjunction" with the Logos is not enough to grasp
the divinity of the Incarnate Word,<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
and thus divides the Incarnate Son into two "sons" – Son of God and
son of man.<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Cyril goes further to
criticize that the Nestorians are pushing the Only Begotten Word out and
replacing Him with this creature that they claim had become conjoined to Him,<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
making Him seem merely “the Patron or Promoter of the man by whom we were saved,”<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
and our worship as "nothing more than the idolatry of a man."<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%;">救恩的關切</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><b>Concern to Salvation</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%;">就如其他亞歷山大教父們,區利羅堅持使用「聯合」是因他關切救恩的經綸。他認為基督為著要經歷死、從死復活、勝過罪,以恢復我們犯罪的人性致神性,祂必須要按照肉體從一位女人而生。因此,區利羅指控涅斯多留對成肉身的解釋,使</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">救贖</span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%;">人性</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">的救恩失效,令救恩的經綸徹底落空。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">Like other
Alexandrian fathers, the reason of Cyril's insistence on keeping use of
"union" is his concern about the economy of salvation. He argues, in
order to die, to raise from death, to overcome sin, so as to restore our sinful
humanity into divinity, Christ was required to be born from a woman according
to the flesh.<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Cyril therefore accused
the Nestorian explanation of the incarnation of being invalid toward the redemptive
salvation of humanity, bankrupting the economy of salvation.<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">神的不改變性</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><b>Immutability of God</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">為了回應涅斯多留派的觀點,以為神的不改變性會在祂與人性聯合中改變,區利羅解釋當神成為人時,祂並沒有將自己改變成肉身,也沒有與任何其他物質混合或調和,而是「倒空」自己來取得像我們樣式的肉身(腓二</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">4</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">~8</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">),以恢</span><span style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">復</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">我們人性到原初。區利羅肯定道在本質上是真神,當祂由一位女人而生時,祂在本質上仍保持不變,並從過去到永遠一直沒有改變。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">I</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">n response to the Nestorian's view that
God's impassibility would be changed or alternated in his union with humanity,
Cyril explains that when God became man, he did not change himself into flesh,
nor mix nor blend with anything else, but "emptied" himself to take
flesh in a form like our own, (Phil 2:4-8) for the sake of restoring our flesh
to its beginning. Cyril confirms that even when the Word was born of a woman,
he as true God by nature keeps immutable by nature and remains that which he
was and is forever.<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">屬性相通的概念</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><b>Concept of Communication of attributes</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">區利羅承繼使徒保羅和亞他那修的「交換公式」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">exchange formula</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">),他認為成肉身的意義乃是「祂親自取了我們的所是,為要使我們得到祂一切的所是。」照著這一思想,他發展出「屬性相通」(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">Communicatio
idiomatum</span></i><span style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">的概念,即在基督與肉身的聯合中,神聖的屬性能夠「相通」至人性裡(相反亦然)。區利羅運用這概念,來說明基督在肉身裡如何取上神對人性的咒詛和判罰,以致人能夠分享祂的豐富。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">Succeeding
Apostle Paul's and Athanasius's "exchange formula", Cyril considers the
significance of Incarnation is that "<i>he took what was ours to be his
very own so that we might have all that was his</i>."<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
In this thought, he developed the concept of "communication of
attributes" (<i>Communicatio idiomatum</i>) that the divine attributes can
be "communicated" to humanity (and vice versa) in the union of Christ
with flesh.<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> With the help of this
concept, Cyril illustrates how Christ in his flesh can take up the human curse
and punishment so that man might share his riches.<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
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<b><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%;">神的不受苦性</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><b>Impassibility of God</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">此外,區利羅更進一步以「屬性相通」的概念,來解答「神的受苦」這問題。他認為在基督的位格裡,「稱神經歷了苦難並沒有將祂貶低,因祂並非在神格的本體內,而是在祂自己的肉身內受苦」,因為人的屬性—死—在基督一個聯合的位格內能「相通」至神性。因此,儘管區利羅認同神一直維持祂的不能受苦性,但由於受苦是發生「在肉身」裡,我們仍能說「神自己在肉身裡受苦(彼前三</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">18</span><span style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">)。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"> Furthermore, Cyril goes on resolving the
question of "God's suffering" with the concept of "communication
of attributes". He argues that in the person of Christ, "to say that
God suffered do no disgrace to him, for he did not suffer in the nature of the
godhead, but in his own flesh,"<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
because the human attribute – die - "communicates" to God in the one
united person of Christ. Hence, as "in the flesh" is where the
suffering occurs, we can say "God himself suffered <i>in the flesh</i>"
(1 Pet 3:18), even though he retains his impassibility as he is understood as
God.<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">總結來說,區利羅憑著運用「屬性相通」的概念,成功有力地批判了涅斯多留的基督論,並發展了他對基督論模型的論述,這模型是捍衛基督位格的合一,為著由成肉身所帶來救恩。因此,他宣稱這是合理且有確實必要去稱呼馬利亞為「生神者」。儘管區利羅運用「屬性相通」來描述神在肉身受苦,但他仍不住強調神在肉身裡受苦是一個奧祕,是完全不能言述得透,遠超我們所想所說的。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"> In summary, with the concept of
"communication of attributes", Cyril persuasively </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">criticized Nestorian</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">'s Christology and developed </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">arguments</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"> for his Christological model, which
defends the necessity of unity of Christ's person as a result of the
incarnation for the sake of salvation. As a result, he claimed that it is
justifiable and necessary for us to call Mary "<i>theotokos</i>".<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Yet, despite the method of "communication of attributes" in
describing God's suffering in flesh, Cyril reiterated that this is still a
mystery, altogether ineffable, and transcends our thought and speech.<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "simsun"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">回應</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Responses</b></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 110%;"> </span><span style="font-family: simsun; line-height: 18.4px; text-indent: 31.7333px;">《</span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 110%;">尼西亞</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 110%;">-</span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 110%;">君士坦丁堡信經</span><span style="font-family: simsun; line-height: 18.4px; text-indent: 31.7333px;">》</span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 110%;">並未能徹底釐清基督的神性和人性之間的關係。在第五世紀涅斯多留與區利羅之間的基督論爭論,可視為東方教會安提阿學派和亞歷山大學派的分岐,以及第四世紀亞波里拿留主義和第一次君士坦丁堡爭議的延續。雖然涅斯多留和區利羅二人,均旨在依據尼西亞正統來建立一套基督論論述公式,但涅斯多留乃是從基督的二重性情的角度來理解基督,而區利羅則是從基督的合一位格來理解。前者的理解容易傾向兩個分裂的位格,而後者則容易變成一性論(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 110%;">Monophysitism</span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 110%;">)。按筆者認為,區利羅的基督論模型最終對迦克墩會議的決議產生最大的影響,最主要原因是區利羅在緊緊跟隨尼西亞傳統和聖經之下,成功地解決在關於理解基督的神學張力。更重要的是,他關切成肉身所帶來之救恩,因而強調基督位格內不可分割的聯合</span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 110%;">(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 110%;">indivisible
hypostatic union </span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 110%;">)</span><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 110%;">。儘管區利羅在他與涅斯多留之間的競爭行為而飽受爭議,但因著他的努力,他大大奠定了迦克墩界說,就是「基督以一個位格、兩種性情存在」,以及「四道牆」(二性不能混合、不能改變、不能分割、不能分開),這保守了教會在正統內理解基督作救主,直至今天。筆者認為這點乃是區利羅對教會最大的貢獻。整個爭論的過程有助我們反思今天我們該如何做神學。</span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 110%;"> The Nicaea-Constantinople Creed did not
clarify thoroughly the relationship between Christ's divine and human natures. The
Christological controversy between Nestorius and Cyril in the fifth century can
be seen as the dispersed views between Antiochene and Alexandrian Christology
in Eastern Church in the continuation of Apollinarianism and the First Council
of Constantinople in the fourth century. Though both Nestorius and Cyril have
the intention of creating an Christological formula staying inside Nicene
orthodoxy, Nestorius viewed Christ from the perspective of Christ's duality (natures),
while Cyril takes Christ's unity (person). The former easily turns into two
divisive persons while the latter Monophysitism (one-nature). In my opinion,
the primary reasons why Cyril's Christological model had been greatly
influential on the final conclusion in the Council of Chalcedon are that he
successfully resolved the theological tension surrounding our understanding of
Christ by closely following the Nicene tradition and Scripture, and most
importantly, emphasizing the indivisible hypostatic union under the concern of
salvation through the incarnation. Cyril is disputable in his rivalry with
Nestorius. Nevertheless, with his effort, he enabled the formulation of the Chalcedonian
Creed, which defined "Christ as existing in two natures, divine and human,
in one person", and whose "four boundaries" </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 110%;">- no confusion, no change, no division, no
separation of the two natures - </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 110%;">have
been preserving the Church in the Orthodox understanding of Christ as Savior from
their current time till today. I think that this is Cyril's greatest contribution
to the Church, and the whole controversy is valuably worth us reflecting on our
theological thinking in doing theology today.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Nestorius, <i>First Sermon Against the
Theotokos</i>, trans.and edited Richard A. Norris, JR. (Philadelphia: Fortress
Press, 1980), 124-125.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn2">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ibid., 125: "Moreover, <u>the
incarnate God did not die</u>; he raised up the one in whom he was incarnate…that
the [divine] being has become incarnate and that <u>the immutability of the
incarnate deity is always maintained after the union</u>."</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ibid., 126: "The description are different
from each other by reason of the mysterious fact that <u>the natures are two in
number</u>. Furthermore, it is not only this – that <u>Christ as God is
unaffected by change</u>."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
Cyril of Alexandria, <i>On the Unity of
Christ</i>, trans. John McGuckin (Chrestwood, New York: St Vladimir’s Seminary Press,
1995), 69: "Nonetheless I think that it is exactly this, nothing else,
that the all-wise Joh meat when he wrote: 'The Word became flesh'."</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Ibid., 73: "Then why do they abandon the term 'union,'
even though it is the word <u>in customary use</u> among us, and indeed has <u>come
down to us from the holy Fathers</u>, preferring to call it a conjunction? The
term union in <u>no way causes the confusions</u> of the things it refers
to."</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Ibid., 73: "But is this mere conjunction with the
Word <u>enough to allow him to grasp the proper glory of God and rise above the
bounds of the created order</u>?"</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Ibid., 74: "How wicked they (Nestorians) are,
then, when they <u>divide in two the one true and natural Son incarnated and
made man</u>, and when they <u>reject the union and call it a conjunction</u>
something that any other man could have with God."</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
Ibid., 73: "But this is mere conjunction with the Word enough to allow him
to grasp the proper glory of God and rise above the bounds of the created
order? Does this make him an object of worship even though he is not God?"</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ibid., 70: "But if this were so, how could
the Only Begotten be said to have been the Savior of the World? Would he not <u>rather
have been the Patron and Promoter of that man by whom we are saved</u>?" <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ibid., 71: "</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">…they drag down the most wonderful
part of the economy to a disgraceful level and <u>make out our most holy
worship as nothing more than the idolatry of a man</u>.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
Ibid., 57: "For it this approach is taken as the truth then the <u>whole
sense of the mystery is lost to us</u>; for Christ is not born, neither did he
die, neither was he raised… How did God raise him from the dead if he did not
die? And <u>how could he die if he had not been born according to the flesh?</u>"</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ibid., 59: "When they (Nestorians) say
that the Word of God did not became flesh, or rather did not undergo birth from
a woman according to the flesh, they <u>bankrupt the economy of salvation</u>."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ibid., 54-55: "Immutable by nature, he<u>
remains that which he was and is for ever</u>,…He <u>did not change himself
into flesh</u>; he did not endure any mixture or blending, or anything else of
this kind. But he <u>submitted himself to being emptied</u>…but rather animated
with a rational soul, and thus <u>he restored flesh to what it was in the
beginning</u>… He was born of a woman according to the flesh in a wondrous
manner, for he is God by nature, as such invisible and incorporeal, and only in
this way, <u>in a form like our own</u>, could he be made manifest to earthly
creatures."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ibid., 59: "In short, he took
what was ours to be his very own <u>so that we might have</u> all that was his.
'He was rich but he became poor for our sake, <u>so that we might be</u>
enriched by his poverty (2 Cor 8:9)'"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ibid., 59: "The One Who Exists, is
necessarily born of the flesh, taking <u>all that is ours into himself</u> so
that all that is born of the flesh, that is <u>us corruptible and perishing
beings, might rest in him</u>."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ibid., 59-60: " if he who is rich does not
impoverish himself… then we have not gained his riches but are still in our
poverty, still enslaved by sin and death because Word becoming flesh is <u>the
undoing and the abolition of all that fell upon human nature as our curse and
punishment</u>…a return which I would say has been gained by Christ the Savior
of us all."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ibid., 115: "To say that he suffered does
no disgrace to him, for he did not disgrace to him, for he <u>did not suffer in
the nature of the godhead, but in his own flesh</u>."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ibid., 117: "So, even if he is
said to <u>suffer in the flesh</u>, even so he<u> retains his impassibility</u>
insofar as he is understood as God…he (scripture writer) know that he was
speaking about God, and so he attributed impassibility to him insofar as he is
understood as God, adding on, most skillfully, 'in the flesh,' which is, of
course, <u>where the suffering occurs</u>."</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
Ibid., 55: "This is what we mean when we say that he became flesh, and for
the same reasons <u>we affirm that the holy virgin is the Mother of God (<i>Theotokos</i>)</u>."</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC%E9%BB%9E.docx#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ibid., 130-131: "He suffers in
his own flesh, and not in the nature of the Godhead. The method of these is <u>altogether
ineffable</u>, and there is no mind that can attain to such <u>subtle and
transcendent ideas</u>… If the flesh that is united to him, <u>ineffably and in
a way that transcends thought or speech.</u>"</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-40038252899205681572016-06-20T02:43:00.002-07:002016-06-20T02:46:36.884-07:00新書推介系列〈3〉:《呼求主名:禱告的聖經神學》(Calling on the Name of the Lord—A Biblical Theology of prayer)<div style="text-align: center;">
湃 恩</div>
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<a href="https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/41xsOsnSyyL._SX321_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/41xsOsnSyyL._SX321_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg" width="207" /></a></div>
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新書推介:《呼求主名:禱告的聖經神學》(Calling on the Name of the Lord—A Biblical Theology of prayer),J. Gary Millar著,D. A. Carson 主編(Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2016)<br />
http://www.ivpress.com/cgi-ivpress/book.pl/code=2639<br />
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InterVarsity Press的聖經神學系列於2016年剛出版了由J. Gary Millar所著,D. A. Carson所 主編《呼求主名:禱告的聖經神學》(Calling on the Name of the Lord—A Biblical Theology of prayer)。本書是近年罕有卻深入研讀聖經中關於禱告的聖經神學著作。筆者一閱後,深得幫助和欣賞本書,故為此書稍作推介,以饗讀者。<br />
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創四26:「 塞特也生了一個兒子,起名叫以挪士。在那時候,人開始呼求耶和華的名」。這節是聖經中首次提及的禱告。從起頭到聖經中最後一個教會的禱告:「主耶穌阿,我願你來!」(啟二二20),禱告一直與福音緊緊相扣。這福音乃是神在人背叛神和其結果—墮落後的問題,所給予的應許和提供的答案。<br />
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作者跟隨聖經中教導禱告的脈絡,為禱告下了個定義—禱告就是「呼求主名」。作者論證,由於禱告是如此深入地結合在聖經的敘事和詩歌之中,信息主題往往落在別的題目上,以致許多聖經重要的禱告經常被忽略,甚至謹慎的讀者也忽視了。本書的緣起乃是研讀「呼求主名」如何將神立約的應許傳達給人。這是舊約教導禱告的基礎。到了新約,作者展示耶穌自己如何將「呼求耶和華的名」重新定義為「呼求祂(耶穌)的名」,以及使徒們如何在耶穌死而復活後,理解「在耶穌的名裡禱告」等同為與舊約相同的新約式發表。如加爾文所言,「藉著福音,我們的心受教導來呼求神的名」(《基督教要義》,卷三,20.1)。禱告在全本聖經中,主要都被理解為人求神傳達祂向他們所已經應許的福分。<br />
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作者於本書最後總結他的研讀,並給予一章後序來指引讀者如何將呼求主名應用於今日的教會生活之中。<br />
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如卡臣(D. A. Carson)所評,本書不僅給予我們許多關於聖經中關於禱告的知識,若我們確實吸收本書,它還更推動我們我們過一種與神救恩目的一致的禱告生活。然後,我們會更清楚何謂「在耶穌的名裡禱告」。<br />
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brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-70176979660549217852016-06-20T01:40:00.004-07:002020-08-30T16:12:48.682-07:00歷史神學系列〈3〉: 導致十六世紀初的宗教改革呼聲的因由<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">湃 恩</span></div>
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許多人以為導致十六世紀初宗教改革的因素,單單是因教會的弊端每況愈下,其實也有宗教氣氛轉濃、人們的醒覺程度增加。然而,宗教改革之所以出現,除了有這些因素外,還有政治和科學等其他方面。
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<br />
要了解導致十六世紀初改教運動的因素,就要將時間線再移早些。其實早於一個世紀前,在教會、社會、思想、政治和科學等多方面已埋下改革運動的種子。例如,在十二世紀西歐教會已出現過類似的改革努力,但在其體制上、實踐上與觀念上仍未及得上十六世紀初般的。我們可從下面幾方面分析十六世紀初改教運動的背景因素:
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>(一<span style="text-align: start;">)</span>教會</b></div>
早於十六世紀前的數世紀,教會已察覺需要改革,甚至已有改教的先鋒出現,如約翰·威克里夫(John Wyclif,約1320—1384年)和約翰·胡斯(John Huss,1369–1415年)等。至十五世紀,改革呼聲已高漲。然而,教會在那世紀並沒有成功徹底地進行改革,使十六世紀的呼聲更為壯大、更具革命性。
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<b>『議會論 』處理教會改革的失效 </b></div>
十四世紀教廷曾有一段時期,分裂成羅馬和法國亞威農兩個教庭(1309-1378年)。亞威農完全受法國皇室控制。當時歐洲各國也分裂成各支持各教庭,使各國彼此間懷疑攻擊。教皇權威也受到嚴重削弱。在這段中世紀大分裂期間,教會內有一批法律學者,察覺教會陷入大危機,嘗試追回歷史先例。結果找出教會法規中曾著,若教皇陷異端或道德,整體教會就可出來開一個會議來罷免教皇(儘管聲稱教皇為基督地上的代理,全教會之首)。這就是『議會論(Coucilarism)』之說。『議會派 』(conciliarist)強調,教會改革的惟一希望是在於召開一次改革的全體會議。結果成功地召開了君士坦斯會議(Constance, 1414-1418),並處理了大分裂問題和胡斯異端問題。<br />
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遺憾的是,是次君士坦斯會議沒觸及教會整體的改革。後來幾次會議也沒有觸及。因為許多政權國家想在議會趁機擺脫其區域的教會控制,使教皇的權力越來越被收窄。例如,在第五次拉特朗大公會議(Lateran Council V,1512-1517年)中,法王路易十二(Louis XII,1498-1515)與神聖羅馬帝國皇帝馬克西米連一世(Maximilian I, 1493-1519)聯合了幾位紅衣主教,以『議會論 』與當時教皇猶利斯二世(Julius II,1503-1513年)和後來里奧十世(Leo X,1513-1521年)對抗。故教宗越來不想再召開任何大公會議。最後教皇指責議會論,爭取到以後要教皇批准才能召開大公會議。這樣,教皇成了反改革的力量,『議會派 』失敗,『教廷派 』(curialist)勝利。議會派運動原先讓有志改革者有盼望,以為教會可以從其內部改革。當這盼望破幻滅時,人們就開始意識到教會秩序所存在的缺點,以及要倚靠教會大公會議來自身矯正,似乎不太可能,便轉向尋求其他(如更激進或靠世俗權力)的方法。<br />
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<b>每況愈下的教會腐敗</b></div>
與此同時,十四世紀起隨著歐洲列強(national power)的政治影響力越來越強,越來越少給羅馬的奉獻。各國加強自治,教廷漸陷入財困,需要開闢新的財源。教會漸漸出現了以下情況:(1)儉財—羅馬因財缺,吸引貴族家族捐獻,出售聖職情況就每況嚴重,各處也有任神職人員開各收費名目。買賣聖職(Simony)動搖教會的道德水平。這情勢每況愈下。許多牧職人員都是掛名牧會主教,甚至是死時信眾才見到他們的面。 (2)牧職人員道德也不符大眾期望—因許多牧職人員不是自願要作,不過家族內為家族利益出任,許多都納妾、有私生子女,沒守獨身。這些都是公開祕密。這些情況在十五世紀也越來越嚴重。納妾帶來的結果是裙帶關係(Nepotism)。牧職人員安排自己的私生子出任當地牧職人員,繼承利益。 (3)牧職人員知識水平不符期望—許多基層牧職人員,連所用的崇拜語言—拉丁文,都不認識。隨著平民知識水平提高,結果,使平信徒不滿,意識到教會秩序所存在的缺點。<br />
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<b>信眾的受教育提升 </b></div>
中世紀晚期促成教會改革的一項重要因素,就是受教育的信眾增加。人的醒覺程度增加,導致對教會的批評越來越多。不斷提升的批評層次,反映了更多人通過受教育機會的增加,可以對教會加以批評。人文主義者對教育的新強調,使教會建制被受教育的信眾視為反動的、敵視新學習的,威脅信仰的個人應用。受教育的平信徒與教會統治階級之間的敵意和不滿與日俱增。<br />
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<b>(二</b><b><span style="text-align: start;">)</span></b><b>社會</b></div>
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<b>瘟疫所產生深的屬靈要求</b></div>
十四世紀歐洲社會也發生了多件重大事件,其中之一為人類歷史上最嚴重的瘟疫—黑死病瘟疫。1340年代黑死病散佈到整個歐洲。根據估計,瘟疫爆發期間的中世紀歐洲,約有30%的總人口死於黑死病。黑死病對歐洲人口造成了嚴重影響,改變了歐洲的社會結構。在這種生存與否的不確定性的陰霾下,使得人們一面產生了『活在當下 』的情緒,另一面,也促使許多平民百姓產生一股深的屬靈尋求,想尋求如何獲得神接納、得救的途徑。馬丁路德的宗教經驗就是一個典型例子。<br />
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<b>路德的例子</b></div>
1502年,路德遇到一場暴風雨下,幾乎死。他作了個願,奉獻自己事奉神。之後,他放棄了做律師,加入了一個奧古斯丁修會背景的修會,做修士,過修道的生活。他在修院中很操練,除基本會規外,他會自殘、痛悔認罪、禁食。他這種方式某程度上表達了當時社會一種很深的屬靈要求。除了一般修會,連平信徒也想克苦己身,想尋求些方法去得公義之神的接納,滿足神的義。當時人們認為,神會給人恩典,但人也要盡所能滿足神的要求(神的義),神才會接納。但甚少人能指出要作多少『善行 』(good works)才足夠。<br />
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1513-1517年間,路德因要教授聖經如詩篇、羅馬書和希伯來書。在他備課時,開始發現糾纏他的長久問題,就是關於罪人如何得公義之神接納。他從讀羅馬書1:17開始發現,保羅所講的神的義,並不是指人所能作到的事(<i>in nobis</i>)。他發現神的義是指神在基督裏賜給罪人的義(<i>extra nos</i>)。神是在我們以外,是在耶穌基督裏面,接納我們。神的接納我們,不是因我們能達到神的義,而是因耶穌基督而接納我們,算我們是義人。為何神能這樣算?是因耶穌基督已釘十字架、死了。這大大改變了路德的觀念,引發後來『因信稱義 』的教義。<br />
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<b>贖罪券的例子</b></div>
贖罪券的販賣也反映出十六世紀歐洲社會上的宗教氣氛轉濃。它的由來是與中世紀一項聖禮—告解禮(Rependance),很大關係。洗禮幫人除去洗禮前的罪,但洗禮後犯罪怎辦? 中世紀開始發展信徒可向教會的教士認罪,因教會有赦罪權柄,赦免犯罪的信徒。這認罪包括痛悔的心、開口承認(confess)和補贖(Satisfaction),即作一些事情彌補。犯罪的信徒要在能力內將犯罪結果所做的影響補救。但後來這實行與另一煉獄(purity)教義結合了:若今世作得好、敬虔、委身,來世就可上天堂。若今世大惡,來世就受永刑。教皇既認為他們自己是耶穌基督地上的代表,也認為古聖徒有很多功績,績累了『功德庫』。現在,教會(教皇)就有權動用這『功德庫』幫助人補贖,批發一張補贖證(Bill,贖罪券),證明信徒做了事幫助教會,可代用為救贖。十六世紀初,教會有財政需要,要籌募經費建聖彼得教堂(St. Peter's Basilica)。若購買贖罪券為自己或死人,資助了一筆錢給教廷,也就是幫助了教會了,補贖了。這樣,信徒的罪就能赦免,將來能就能得神的接納,不需去煉獄,處理好煉淨好才能脫離,得神接納。許多平信徒就去購買。<br />
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十六世紀初,贖罪券能在歐洲各地民間成功售賣(如特次勒(Johann Tetzel,1465-1519年),在德國布蘭登堡境內,四出佈道,出售贖罪券),某程度也反映出當時社會上的宗教氣氛濃厚。特次勒的宣傳廣告,『錢幣叮噹一聲落入銀庫,靈魂立即從煉獄中跳躍出來﹗ 』雖被學術界知識分子質疑,卻深深迷倒一般普羅大眾,因它深深建基於社會大眾對靈性的盼望和恐懼之上。但知識分子和神學家漸漸發覺,單單依靠體制上對教會進行改革的可能性已漸漸微弱,解決之法乃要從根本上在教義上革新神學信仰基礎。1517年,敲起改革運動之鐘聲的《論贖罪券的意義及效果之95條》,就是路德以聖經質疑教會赦罪的權柄(補贖)。
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<b>宗教氣氛轉濃</b></div>
對於十六世紀初宗教改革運動的宗教背景,根據莫勒的專文(Berndt Moeller, ‘Piety in Germany around 1500’, in The Reformation in Medieval Perspective, ed. Steven E. Ozment (Chicago, 1971), pp.50-75)指出,從1450-1520年間,德意志地區正經歷了民眾宗教(popular religion)敬虔的顯著增長。奧地利上層貴族所資助的彌撒數目也持續增加。1450年後,關乎死亡與永生的宗教互助會蔚然成風地成立。這些都反映了民間對宗教興趣的增加。正是這種民間對宗教的興趣,引致對建制教會的批判,指其沒有盡上其應有的責任。故此,十六世紀初宗教運動的出現,並非宗教衰落的證據,實際上是指向宗教的興盛。然而,這興盛似乎限於民間,而沒有在聖職人員中。聖職人員只是利用此種新興對宗教的興趣加以利用之,如以為教會籌募金錢為名販賣贖罪券。 <br />
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<b>(三</b><b><span style="text-align: start;">)</span></b><b>政治 </b></div>
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<b>強勢世俗君主的冒起 </b></div>
在十六世紀歐洲的政治列強,出現了些有影響力的君主,這些君主比上一個世紀的更強勢有為,如英國的亨利八世(Henry VIII,1491-1547年)、法國的法蘭西一世(François I,1494-1547年)、瑞典古斯塔夫一世(Gustav I,1496—1560年)等,都同期冒起。神聖羅馬帝國的查理五世(Charles V,1500-1558年),更是十六世紀這爭霸時代中最顯赫的皇帝。他所管治的神聖羅馬帝國領地,繼承自哈布斯堡皇族,是自查理曼大帝後歷史上最大的,包括今日西班牙、美洲殖民地、荷蘭低地、意大利南等。而德意志境內的許多城邦也幾乎半獨立。這些世俗君主都能與抗衡教廷,為了自己的利益與教廷衝突。他們見到可以從教會奪回權力的機會,即使因此要附和新的宗教秩序也在所不惜,如法國皇室和德國皇室與教廷持續幾世紀在政治上角力。<br />
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<b>民族主義的萌芽 </b></div>
另外,國家日益成熟,也使民族主義漸漸萌芽。例如,十四世紀西歐為英法百年戰爭,乃世界最長的戰爭之一,發生於1337-1453年。戰爭對英格蘭和法國的人民都是大災難,當時又流行黑死病,兩國受到戰爭和疫病雙重打擊,普遍經濟重創,民不聊生。法國身為戰事進行之地,國土滿目瘡痍,人民流離失所。但戰爭勝利使法國完成民族統一,更為日後在歐洲大陸擴張打下基礎。英格蘭幾乎喪失所有的法國領地,但戰爭也使英格蘭的民族主義興起。民族主義的興起,使人民不再以教宗為尊,而是以國王為大。教宗的勢力也慢慢的削弱了。
世俗政府權力的增加
從十四至十六世紀,教皇的權力日漸衰落,世俗政府權力日漸增加,使得在十六世紀的改教運動中,不論主流改革家和反改革人士都求助於俗世權柄的支持。主流的改革家容許世俗統治者的需索,只要宗教改革運動的目的得以順利展開,如路德得到薩克遜選侯的保護。而改教反對者也尋求世俗統治者的支持。上述這些政治形勢都是在十六世紀前的世紀還沒有的,促使十六世紀初的改革運動能夠發生。
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<b>城市政治發展 </b></div>
十六世紀初改教運動大部分以城市為基地。如在德意志地區的『帝國城市 』和瑞士聯邦城市。到十五世紀末與十六世紀初,帝國直轄市的市議會,已取得相當程度的獨立。每個城市儼如小型國家。隨著不斷增加的糧食危機和黑死病的蹂躪,從1450至1520年間,農村人口減少,農民遷往城市,期望找到食物和工作。他們被拒於貿易商會和市議會門外,不滿的情緒便在這些城市無產階級中日漸增加。他們對政府的社會改革的要求也漸趨強烈。在許多城市中,宗教改革運動都是關連於這些社會改革的要求,以致宗教與社會變遷互相連結,一起並進。1524年爆發的德國農民起義就是一例子。路德1517年於德國開始宗教改革後,不久,德國農民就嚮應改革。他們認為路德的改革應應用至經濟領域。在他們的訴求《十二條款》中,其中許多是牽涉日常生活,且被視為站在聖經的教導上。他們認為社會改革也是改教運動的一部分,是落實聖經的教訓—愛和關懷,是信仰在社會的表達。
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<b>(四</b><b><span style="text-align: start;">)</span></b><b>思想 </b></div>
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<b>文藝復興中的人文主義(Humanism)的新思潮 </b></div>
經過十二世紀起的十字軍東征、十五世紀拜占庭帝國的滅亡,逃亡到西歐的知識分子帶來了大量在歐洲一度失傳數百年之久的古籍。文藝復興也隨著這些經典而來。隨著文藝復興的發展,文藝復興中出現了人文主義。人文主義成了當時歐洲的新思想,人們開始改變中世紀以『神 』為本位的人生價值,而開始認真思考以人為本位,追求個性解放和思想自由的新觀點。在文藝復興這新思想下,基督教的人生觀也慢慢的受到民眾的懷疑。在十五世紀出現的人文主義,讓知識分子當中對教育有新理想,想藉重新藉吸收古希臘羅馬時期各方面的經典,而復興文化黃金輝煌時期。它是一種嚮往復古的運動。在教會內外,也都有人文主義者。如有人文主義王子(Prince of the Humanists)之稱的伊拉斯謨(Erasmus,1466-1536年)就是一代表人物。
人文主義的思潮也深深影響著許多期望改革教會的知識分子。當時人文主義者的口號之一為:『回到本源 』(<i>ad fonts</i>)。宗教改革家呼應著這回到本源的口號,就是要回到使徒、教父的年代和聖經的文本中。對他們來說,那時代的教會已經失掉基督教信仰與實踐所根據的獨特思想遺產,即使不是完全受到扭曲,也是被蒙蔽了。現在正是時候,重開基督教會黃金時代的觀念。改革家期望教會返回基督教黃金時代,藉此在陳舊與腐化的時代,重拾清新、純正與生氣。
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人文主義思潮帶來對個人意識的再次重現,以及對人類個體性的重新醒覺。在這個人意識漸漸醒覺之際,有助產生了對稱義教義的新興趣—『我作為一個個體,如何可以進入與神的關係?究竟必須作甚麼事才可以得救? 』這也是困擾路德的長久問題,而教會似乎無法給予信徒可靠的答案,路德卻碰巧站在時代的舞臺上,擔當了它的主角。<br />
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<b>人文主義的貢獻 </b></div>
人文主義另一項對改革運動的重大貢獻是文字學的工作,尤其是恢復原文希臘文聖經較對,整理恢復新約希臘文,重新出版,讓特別是知識分子能直接讀原文。1514年,伊拉斯謨就整理和翻譯了新約聖經的新拉丁文版和希臘文版。人們能直接讀使徒的著作,大大提升人們的知識水平和醒覺程度,擺脫當時陳腐的教會。當人們的知識水平提高了,但發現教會內神職人員的知識水平不符期望,就開始對教會權威就大受懷疑,意識到教會秩序所存在的缺點。<br />
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<b>(五</b><b><span style="text-align: start;">)</span></b><b>科技</b><br />
<b>活版印刷技術的發明</b></div>
在十五世紀中,出現了人類文化重大轉變—發明活版印刷技術。1454年,古騰堡(Johann Gutenberg)在美茵茲(Mainz)的印刷廠印刷了第一本拉丁文聖經。這發明大大降低印刷速度和成本,讓書籍能大大流通。只要將所印刷的作品排好,即可大量印刷,將意念和想法快速傳播遍至全歐洲。印刷術表示改革家的思想傳播的宣傳,可以迅速而便宜地傳播,例如路德的《95條》和加爾文的《基督教要義》。因此,當十六世紀的改革家傳遞他們的宗教改革理念時,改革呼聲比起前一個世紀前更為壯大、更具革命性。
<br />
<br />
其次,宗教改革運動也是基於某些特定的資料來源,如聖經及教父著作。新技術可以大量印行這些著作更準確的版本,避免了抄寫的錯誤。這些重要資料來源得以準確地廣泛流傳,是十六世紀以前的數個世紀做不到的。例如,到了1520年代,幾乎任何人都可以找到新約希臘文聖經或希坡主教奧古斯丁(Augustine of Hippo)等著作的可靠版本。對於改革家來說,宗教改革運動的主要觀念是建基於聖經和奧古斯丁的。
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>總結 </b></div>
宗教改革的背景是中世紀的晚期。要了解導致十六世紀初改革的呼聲為何比上一個世紀更壯大、更具革命性,就需要將宗教改革運動置於中世紀晚期的處境,並將中世紀晚期的教會、社會、宗教、政治、思想和科技等多方面的轉變,與宗教改革運動比對。對照後,我認為人們將改教運動單單歸因於教會的弊端每況愈下是不足的、不全面的。事實上,中世紀晚期歐洲的宗教氣氛不單沒轉差,反而,更是轉濃。教會和社會大部份的弊端一直在中世紀存在,沒有顯著惡化。此外,文藝復興的人文主義等新思潮湧現,更提升了人們的醒覺(awakening)程度,使人們更意識到教會秩序所存在的缺點和予以矯正的可能性。還有,政治形勢的轉變,世俗政權的興起和教皇權威的衰落都是關鍵因素之一。而科技的新發展,更適逢地助長運動的傳播和發展。這一切的因素,都是導致十六世紀初改革的呼聲比上一個世紀更壯大、更具革命性的主要原因。這是那位背後掌管人類歷史進程的神,為著祂神聖的歷史,使這一切因素加總,而最終讓改教運動在十六世紀發生,以完成祂的旨意。brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-31651646290110834692016-05-19T15:08:00.001-07:002020-08-28T12:17:35.827-07:00Dialogue with Traditions 〈2〉: Sacramental Understanding of the Church: On her Nature and Eucharist - From the Perspectives of Eastern Orthodoxy and Local Church Movement<h1 align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Brian Chiu</span></h1>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">The
twentieth century is called the age of Ecclesiology and Eucharistology </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">within Orthodoxy,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> as much
has been developed concerning what the Church is and what the value of the Eucharist
is. The Orthodox ecclesiology, like its other Christian doctrines, has
undergone a long-history evolution and has refined its expression in the face
of changing social, political and theological circumstances, in which the Church
is defined or determined, and an ecclesiological mindset that is part of
everyday life.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
There are a number of contemporary Orthodox theologians who give great
contribution to the renewal of Orthodox thinking on its ecclesiology in the twentieth
century, such as Georges Florovsky (1893–1979), Nicholas Afanassiev (1893–1966),
Vladimir Lossky (1903–1958), Alexander Schmemann (1921–1983), John Meyendorff (1926–1992),
Kallistos Ware (1934–) and John Zizioulas (1931–).<s><o:p></o:p></s></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">Orthodox Ecclesiology
can be understood as “sacraments” in Western terminology. The word “sacrament”
is originated from the Greek word <i>mysterion</i>, mystery. Pseudo-Dionysius
the Areopagite defines “sacraments” as: “Truly visible things are manifest
images of things invisible.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> On
the Orthodox understanding of the mysteries, there is a distinction between “sacraments”
and “sacramental,” that “sacraments” is never isolated from the Church as
Western Church, but that any actions performed in the Church are mysteries and
possess a “sacramental” character because the Church itself is “sacramental” by
nature.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Even
the whole Christian life should be seen as “a single mystery or one great
sacrament.” Based on this understanding of the Church, the Orthodox Church
developed its unique “eucharistic ecclesiology” – the Eucharist as the
realization of the mystery of Christ within history – as the common action (<i>leitourgia</i>)
of the Church, that which constitutes her very being and her vocation.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">About the
same time of the development of contemporary Orthodox ecclesiology, there was
one of the largest and most dynamic Christian movements, the “local Churches”
(LC), founded in China. It was found by Watchman Nee (1903–1972) in 1920 and
brought to America in 1962 by Nee’s coworker Witness Lee (1905–1997). One of
the LC doctrines which seems ambiguous to many Christians outside this group is
its ecclesiology. Though LC never uses the terminologies of “sacrament” or “liturgy”
explicitly, LC emphatically regards Christ as the mystery of God (Col. 2:2), and
the Church as the mystery of Christ (Eph 3:4), that the incarnate Christ
visibly expresses the invisible God, while the Church visibly expresses the
invisible risen and ascended Christ. These two mysteries, Christ with the Church,
are the “great mystery” (Eph 5:32).<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> In
this sense, LC ecclesiology can be defined as a “sacramental ecclesiology” as
well, that the Church visibly manifests the mystery of the salvific act of God
in Jesus Christ.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">My goal
of this paper is to argue that the <i>Orthodox Church and Local Churches
Movement both hold a similar view of the sacramental understanding of the
Church and the deification of the Church, yet they follow different approaches
of achieving their goal:<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">The Orthodox Church <i>marks the eucharistic and
liturgical celebration of the Church the <u>focus</u> of her identity, constituting
the highest expression of her existence; </i>whereas, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">Local Churches <i>takes the words of God along with
the Spirit of God as the means for believers</i></span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span></i><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> daily
enjoyment, and in the Lord</span></i><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span></i><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s Supper,
the identity of the church is <u>symbolized</u> as well as <u>manifested</u>.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">I will begin my analysis</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> with the
nature of the Church, which are is essential to both traditions, and then
present the views of their sacraments, especially the Eucharist (or the Lord</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s Supper,
an alternation usage of </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">LC).</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> At last, </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">a comparison of commonalities and
dissimilarities of their sacramental views of the Church, and comments on their
strengths and weaknesses will be given.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> I hope,
following the increasing ecumenical dialogues in the twenty-first century, that
this paper can make a contribution to reconsider: “What does it mean to be the Church,
and how does it relate to the value of the Eucharist from the perspectives of
Eastern Orthodox and of LC?” and can </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">establish a bilateral dialogue</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> between
two traditions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h1 align="center" style="margin: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">PART I: Eastern Orthodox Church<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">A. Nature
of the Church<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<h3 align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1. Divine Economy of Salvation and Deification<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">In the Orthodox
view, the Church originated with the divine economy of salvation in
pre-eternity, which is about the unity between human and God, culminating in
human deification (<i>theosis</i>), and inheriting the eternal life in the
kingdom of God.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Orthodox understands in the divine economy of salvation, the <i>telos </i>of
human life is being directed towards deification, becoming like God, or in
biblical synonymous word, “glorification”.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">As Paul
says, “that He [the Father] would grant you, according to the riches of His
glory,” (Eph. 3:16) and also “that you may be filled with all the fullness of
God” (3:19), the Church is designed before the foundation of the world, and is
designated to be glorified, to be deified, which does not mean to be honored as
God Himself, but to partake of the uncreated glory of God. </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">Traditionally, Orthodox uses
Gregory Palamas</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s “</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">essence–energies
distinction” to describe the process of deification to preserve the distinction
between created and uncreated. Kärkkäinen comments that compared to Western
theology, Orthodox theology links its ecclesiology specifically with a gradual
growth in sanctification culminating in deification by the work of the Spirit.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Before
creation, the Church is created, continuing in the Old Testament, and that through
the Christ</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s incarnation, humans may
participate in the divine life in Him and attain deification (2 Peter 1:4).<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2. Incarnation and Journey of Christ<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">For the Orthodox
Church, the nature of the Church derives from Christ, the incarnate Son of God,
and her experience closely follows the journey of Christ. John of Damascus
describes that the mystery of the divine salvation economy for humanity is
centered in the <i>incarnation of Christ</i>: “Accordingly, the incarnate Son
of God, the God-Man Jesus Christ, being the Mediator between God and humans,
presents an ideal example of humanity, without which there is no salvation.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> On
the purpose and significance of Christ</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s
incarnation, Athanasius emphasizes that the Word assumed human nature in order
to deify humankind.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Through
Baptism, Christians are united with Christ, becoming the real members of the
body of Christ, which is the Church. The Church as the body of Christ means
that she partakes in the whole life of Christ within her own being. As Gregory
of Nazianzus says, “Travel without fault as a disciple of Christ through every
stage and faculty of His life…that you may rise with Him, and be glorified with
Him and reign with Him,”<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> the
Church experiences all stages of Christ in the divine economy, namely, the
cross, passion, death, resurrection and ascension, which her head, Christ,
experienced. All sacramental and ascetic life of the Church according to the Orthodox
tradition, are aimed at the deification of humans by following the journey of
Christ, her head and savior. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">As the Church
is Christ</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s body, mysteriously
united with him, she is a not a mere human organization, but a <i>divine-human
organism</i>, the mystical body of divine-human Christ. Meyendorff says, “In
the West, the Church developed as a powerful institution; in the East, it was
seen primarily as a sacramental (or 'mystical') organism, in charge of 'divine
things' and endowed with only limited institutional structures.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Zizioulas
also claims, “Christ without his body is not Christ, but an individual lowest
category.” He views Christ of a “corporate personhood” that </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">Christ cannot be considered in terms
of isolated individuality, but of personhood in communion corporately.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">Therefore,
it is evident that the orthodox mind of the Church is Christological. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3 align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3. The Eucharist, Locus of the Church<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">The understanding
of the nature of the Church, to the Orthodox Church, is rooted in the <i>centrality
of the Eucharist</i>, both in the life of the believer and throughout the life
of the whole Church. The Orthodox Church preserved the profound connection
between the Church and the Eucharist based on Paul</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s words of
the Eucharist in 1 Cor 11:18: “for first of all, when you come together <i>as a Church</i>, I hear that there are
divisions among you.” According to this, the Orthodox Church suggests that the Eucharist
gathering of the believers in a locality is identified with “the Church”. As Cyprian
of Carthage says, “where the Eucharist is, there is the Church,”<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Orthodox
thinks that the Church discovers and realizes her true identity in her
eucharistic celebration:<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> the
union with God in Christ. In each local Eucharistic gathering under the
presence of the local bishop, there is a <i>reality</i>
of the communion (<i>koinónia</i>)
of the Body of Christ lived out that makes all participants incorporated into
the One Christ (cf. 1 Cor 10:16–17).<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="ine-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 24.1pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">The Orthodox
view emphasizes the Church as more a reality which we live than an object which
we examine. They employ different images which manifest this communion and
union of Christians with Christ. For Schmemaan, <i>eating</i> of foods and
<i>drinking</i> of drinks are most distinctive imageries of this life communion
and union given by the Bible. He suggests humans as a hungry being, hungry for
God. A human life by “eating”, depends on food, and is constituted by what he
eats.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> God
Himself is the only source of the eternal life, and His desire is to give His
life to humans so that humans may participate in His life. In the eucharistic
experience, eternal life is communicated to humans, given again as sacraments, so
that all members of the Church become communicants of eternal life, ascending
to heaven where Christ has ascended, being immersed in the new life of the
Kingdom.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoSubtitle" style="margin: 9pt 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">B. Sacraments
of the Church<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<h3 align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1. Holy Mysteries<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 24.1pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">Sacraments
of the Church stand in the Orthodox mind at the center of the Church</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s life
and mission. They are not viewed merely as symbolic significance or merit of
ritual, but that in each sacrament the person is <i>drawn farther into the
encounter </i>with God who <i>transforms</i> and <i>transfigures</i>.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> All
the sacraments of the Church have transformative character for both the individuals
and the whole congregation. In the Church and through the sacraments, God</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s grace
is mediated to humans and brings human nature into the mystical union with the
divine nature, united with the person of Christ in the power of the Holy
Spirit. Thus, all sacraments are “mysteries” and the whole life of Church is
sacramental life.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Generally,
the Orthodox Church does not limit the number of sacraments to seven, but holds
that anything the Church does as sacramental as the nature of the Church <i>per
se</i> is intrinsically sacramental.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3 align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2. Focus – Eucharist<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 24.1pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">The most
profound “mystery” among all the sacraments with transformative characters is
the Eucharist, which is characterized as “essentially a meal,” both symbolic
and mystical<span class="MsoFootnoteReference">.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" title=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></a></span>
Members of the Church, by participation in the liturgy and receiving the
consecrated bread and wine, may directly communicate with God and be deified.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Maximus
the Confessor holds that the Eucharist manifests two things in a broader
context</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">cosmology and eschatology:
first, the divine economy, what God has done and is doing for humans, and second,
the movement of the human</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s soul, progressing
towards deification to become the “image of God”.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Following
this thought, Gregory Palamas defines the Church as a “communion of deification”,
as he shows the Church</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s purpose
is to lead the human to deification through the Eucharist.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Ziziolous
summarizes that the Eucharist is the foundational act of the Church that makes
the Church what it is.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> In
sum, it is the Eucharist which makes the Church, because the Eucharist offers the
primary way that the Church participates in divine sonship in Christ and unites
with God.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3 align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3. The Presence of Christ<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> In regard to the presence of Christ, the Orthodox Church
believes that, in the Eucharist, the bread and wine are <i>transmuted</i> (<i>metabole</i>)
into the genuine body and blood of Christ through the operation of the Holy
Spirit, and thus the Lord Himself is present in the Eucharist. To differentiate
with the Roman Catholic view of transubstantiation, Orthodox believes that
after the consecration, the bread and wine do change their nature by the power of
the mysterious transmutation, but their physical and chemical properties remain
unchanged. The miracle of the transmutation of the eucharistic elements is not
a physical but a metaphysical event. In other words, the miracle is not
expressed in the realm of physical world, but in the realm of metaphysical
world.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">As John of Damascus said: “If
you enquire how this happens, it is enough for you to learn that it is through
the Holy Spirit... we know nothing more than this, that the word of God is
true, active, and omnipotent, but in its manner of operation unsearchable,”<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> thus
the transmutation is altogether a “mystery,” truly free from the nature “logic”
of fallen humanity.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3 align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4. Center – Bishops<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;">
<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">For the Orthodox Church, the bishops in different localities,
as the continuation of the apostles, play the critical role of the Eucharist
for the being and unity of the Church. It is because every bishop in Orthodoxy manifests
his unbroken apostolic succession back to Christ’s apostles. Zizioulas suggests
that the bishops express the continuity of the Church with Christ in two
aspects: its earthly existence, historical continuity; and its mystery of
sacramental and eschatological unity. In earthly existence, all ordained bishops
can trace back to the apostles, who received a mission from Christ to scatter
throughout the world to establish Churches within time and space. The bishops constitute
an uninterrupted historical link between Christ and the Church; in the
eschatological unity, the bishops are understood as a unique and indivisible
college gathered from the ends of the earth in a unique time and place, that
when the Church gathered in the Eucharist, she may manifest and anticipate the
Kingdom.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Hence, </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">the order of the eucharistic celebration reflects
the very nature and structure of the Church.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3 align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5. Eucharistic Liturgy<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 24.1pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">The
Orthodox eucharistic liturgy is a product of historical development throughout
centuries and slightly varies from different Orthodox churches. In general, it begins
with the solemn doxology. The next act of the liturgy is the <i>entrance</i>
into the Church by following the lead of the bishop, and coming of the
celebrant to the altar. This signifies that the Church is the entrance into the
heavenly sanctuary, and that in Christ we have ascended to heaven. The third
act is the reading of the Holy Scriptures by the bishop, telling out God</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s desires
and intentions, and the salutations of peace, that Christ has established the
reconciliation between God and humans with the world. Following the antiphons
of peace, it is the proclamation of the Gospel and the offering to God of bread
and wine in remembrance of Christ. This prefigures our mystical thanksgiving in
the age to come. Then, the act of intercession, which is the preparation for
communion, comes. After the bread and wine are transmuted by the invocation of
the Spirit, celebrants “take, eat and drink” the heavenly food, which is Christ
Himself, as means of communion with Him, so that they may be like Him in the
very movement of His life. In sum, the Eucharist is a liturgical act which is the
movement of our ascension in Christ, sharing in the eternal blessing and
participating in the kingdom, the “world to come”.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h1 align="center" style="margin: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">PART II: Local Church Movement<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoSubtitle" style="margin: 9pt 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">A. Nature
of the Church<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<h3 align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1. Hidden mystery in God’s Eternal Economy<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 24.1pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">First of
all, LC’s basic understanding of the Church is the hidden mystery in God’s
eternal economy. According to Ephesians 3:9–11, the Church is “the economy (<i>oikonomia</i>)
of this mystery and is kept hidden in God for ages past.” The word <i>oikonomia</i>
literally means is a “house law,” “a household administration”, inferring a
plan of dispensation. Nee and Lee took up this language of <i>oikonomia</i> to
construct their ecclesiology. For Lee, the content of God</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s hidden
plan of dispensation is “to <i>dispense</i>
Himself as life, life supply, and everything into His chosen people,”<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> and
thus the issue of God carrying out his plan of dispensing through Christ</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s death
and resurrection is the Church.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[32]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3 align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2. Two-fold Aspects<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 24.1pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">In God’s eternal plan, the Church
has two aspects: universal aspect and local aspect. In the universal aspect,
the Church is uniquely one, as shown in Matt 16:18: “I will build my Church</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">”</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">. In the local aspect, this one
universal Church expressed in many localities as many local churches, as shown
in Matt 18:17–20, that God called his people to gather in the name of Christ in
a particular locality. The relationship </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">of</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> the two aspects is that only being
in the local Church can the universal Church be realized and be practical.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3 align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3. A Universal Body<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> In the view of Nee and Lee, the universal aspect of the Church
is </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">the “Body of Christ,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">”</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> which is understood as a spiritual
reality. There are three meanings of this Body. First, the essential nature of
the Church is not an organization, but a <i>living organism</i> made up of
believers who have organic union with Christ.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Second, just as a human body is an expression of his/her fullness, so the Church
is the expression of the fullness of Christ the head.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Third, the Church comes out of Christ and is part of Christ. Nee explicates
this idea with the picture of Eve presented in Gen. 2: as Eve is taken from
Adam in sleep, and thus be part of Adam, so did the Church come out of Christ through
His death, and thus be part of Christ (cf. Eph 5:25–30). In this sense, Nee
says that we may say “the Church is Christ</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">”</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">, “the corporate Christ</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">”</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> together with her head, the “individual
Christ.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">”</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 24pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">Shown in
the picture of Eve, the Church will be Christ’s counterpart, being one with
Him. God today is preparing the Church to become Christ’s counterpart and bride
to match Him.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
As recorded in Eph. 5:25–32, there are blemishes and imperfections in the Church.
It is “by water with the words” that the Church is being sanctified and renewed
into the likeness of Christ, until at the second coming of Christ the
bridegroom, when the Church will be presented to Him as a “glorious Church, not
having spot, or wrinkle or any such thing” (5:27), and will become fully one
with Christ (5:31).<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> The
LC</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s understanding of
deification of the Church is based on this union of God with human: “God’s
desire is to be one with [hu]man. This goal has been reached through Christ’s
death and resurrection, which produced the Church. The Church represents the
proper humanity to match God in Christ as the Husband. In this union, which
will last for eternity, redeemed, regenerated, and transformed humanity is one
with divinity.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Concerning this union with God, Lee makes a clear ontological-economic
distinction<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
that “to say that the Church is the embodiment of the Triune God is not to make
the Church a part of deity or an object of worship.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[41]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> In
other words, LC insists that there is no loss of the divinity of God and the
humanity of human in the union between God and the Church. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">On the
one hand, the Church is “already” Christ</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s body; however,
the Church is “not yet” but “becoming” Christ</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s body through
the process of sanctification until she is glorified. The Church will be the
Bride of Christ as the New Jerusalem in future eternity, becoming completely union
with Him, sharing His life, nature, and image, as fully gloried (Rev 21–22).<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn42" name="_ftnref42" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[42]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> This
is the time when God</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s purpose
for the Church becomes completely realized. </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3 align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4. Many Local Lampstands<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> According to Revelation 1–3, LC understands the Church in
local aspect existed in different localities as golden lampstands, which are
furniture set up in the tabernacle in the Old Testament. Lee deems that one of
the crucial symbols of the local Churches in the Bible is the lampstands, as
Revelation 1:20 said “the seven lampstands are seven Churches.”</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">The
Lampstand, first, is a symbol portraying Christ as the embodiment of the Triune
God (Cf. Exod 25). Gold, which is the substance with which the lampstand is
made, signifies the divine nature of God the Father. The tangible, visible form
of the lampstand signifies the Son as the embodiment of the Godhead in His
humanity. The shining of the lamps signifies the Spirit as the expression of
the Father in the Son. Then, in Revelation the lampstands signify the local churches.
Thus, the many local churches are the expression of Christ, the Triune God
shining His light and glory on earth. </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3 align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5. Daily Spiritual Eating as the Way<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> Like Eastern Orthodox, LC uses the
illustration of eating and drinking
to describe the way in which the Church participates in the divine life and
nature in “becoming” the body of Christ and lampstand. As Christ says: “I am… the
life,” (John 14:6) and “he who eats me, he also shall live because of me,”
(6:57) from LC</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s vantage
point, to eat Christ refers not to physical eating, but to <i>spiritual eating</i>.
Unlike Eastern Orthodox, this spiritual eating is not liturgical but primarily our
daily receiving of Christ into us as our life supply that we may be constituted
by Him and become like Him. Such a eating is God</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s
original purpose both for our human enjoyment and His intention of deifying
human and being one with human. One of the songs in the LC songbook:<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn43" name="_ftnref43" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[43]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 24pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">“How may
we express such oneness, be divine and shining too?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 24pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">Hallelujah,
eating Jesus is the way! He’s the tree of life, the manna,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> and the feast that’s ever new—Hallelujah,
we may eat Him every day!”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">The song explicitly
expresses LC’s idea that daily (spiritually) eating Jesus is the way that the
Church can partake in the divine nature, being one as Christ’s body and shining
as lampstands. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoSubtitle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 9pt 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">B. Sacraments of the Church<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 24.1pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">In
accordance with the Reformation tradition, LC recognizes only two sacraments instituted
by Christ and performed by the Church: Baptism, by which sinners are initiated
into the Church, and the Lord</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s Supper,
in which the nature of the Church is particularly manifested by the baptized
members.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3 align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1. Lord</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">s Supper and Its Manifestation<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> In the view of LC, there are two aspects of the significance
of the Lord</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s Supper and how it reflects
the nature of the Church: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">The first
aspect is to show that the Church receives Christ as her bread of life,
participating in the divine nature. The symbolic, outward action of eating
bread in the Supper signifies our spiritual, inward eating of Jesus. As Jesus
said while He established His Supper: “This is My body which is being given for
you; do this in remembrance of Me” (Luke 22:19), and also in John 6:63:“it is
the <i>Spirit</i> who gives life; the <i>flesh</i> profits nothing,” the verses
show that “eating Him” refers not to physical but spiritual eating, and that the
remembrance of the Lord is to receive Him and enjoy Him into our spirits as our
spiritual foods anew.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn44" name="_ftnref44" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[44]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> It
is when we eat, drink, and “taste” the Lord that we truly remember Him. From
Lee</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s viewpoint, the biblical
usage of “eating” is a fellowship and participation, and thus “to eat the body
of Christ is to have the fellowship of Christ. It is to participate in Christ
and to become one with Him.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn45" name="_ftnref45" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[45]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Holding the analogy of “we are what we eat,” Lee suggests that “the more we eat
Jesus, the more we become Jesus.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn46" name="_ftnref46" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[46]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> The
Church life is simply the fullness of the riches of Christ who have been eaten,
“digested”, and “assimilated” by His members. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">The
second aspect is to show that the Church is the <i>mystical body of Christ</i>,
the expression of Christ on earth. The bread taken during the Lord</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s Supper
does not refer only to the physical body of <i>Jesus</i>,
which was given on the cross for imparting his life for the world; but also
refers to His mystical Body, the <i>Church</i>
itself (1 Cor. 10:17), which is composed of all the saved ones who are blended
together. Eating the bread indicates the fact that though there are thousands
of bread-partakers, they are still one bread, one Body, having one fellowship in
the Church.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn47" name="_ftnref47" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[47]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Hence, the Lord</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s Supper,
to LC especially, manifests both the nature of the Church’s oneness, the one
body of Christ, and the way the Church is united – by eating Christ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3 align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2. Holy Word and Holy Spirit<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 24.1pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">For LC the Lord</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s Supper is the climax of the Church
life that exhibits what the Church is, but the reality of the Church is from
Christ’s words and Christ’s Spirit, which are the spiritual foods for the
Church. Christ is the true food of human and what human truly needs. Based on
John 6, LC understands that Christ is embodied both in His Spirit and His words:
“it is the Spirit who gives life…the words which I have spoken to you are
spirit and are life</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">”</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> (6:63). It is Christ</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s Spirit and His words which can
give believers His life and enable them to live because of him.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn48" name="_ftnref48" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[48]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Whenever a believer hears, reads Christ's words, he touches Christ's Spirit inspired
in His words, and thus eats Christ</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s flesh as His life and life supply.
The whole Church life is a life of spiritual eating. It is by such regular daily
receiving of Christ</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s words along with His Spirit, the Church
is constituted by the riches of Christ and filled with Christ,<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn49" name="_ftnref49" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[49]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> and
thus expressing Christ</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s fullness in her local gatherings,
particular in the gathering of the Lord</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s Supper. Every Church meeting
enables members to be nourished, established, and perfected mutually for their
growth in spiritual life through exercising their charismatic gifts to speak
and hear of Christ</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s words and encounter Christ Himself.
In this way, they</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> are “built up” (Eph.
4:16) together</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> to be the Christ</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s body so that God’s purpose on the Church
may be manifested.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn50" name="_ftnref50" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[50]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3 align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3. Practice of the Lord's Supper Gathering<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 24.1pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">Different from most mainline
Protestant communion service practices, </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">believers </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">sit</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> around a </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">small </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">table, </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">which signifies the Lord</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s Table, and on </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">which</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> a loaf of bread and a cup of wine
are placed. The meeting usually begins with </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">singing
hymns</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> concerning Christ</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s person and his salvation works,
and then g</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">iv</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">ing</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> praises one by one</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> freely without any assigned
arrangement. The signing and praising are conducted interweavingly, culminating
</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">in a prayer </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">given by a few “brothers</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">”</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> as representatives. Next, they </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">break bread</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> and p</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">ass the bre</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">ad and wine to the rest of the
attendants. </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">At the last part</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> of the meeting, attendants would</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> worship </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">God </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">the Father</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> by singing and praising Him, </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">bringing us
back to the Father</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> After sin</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">g</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">ing </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">and praising, </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">usually
attendants would end the meeting with calling Him </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">“A</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">bba Father</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">”</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> altogether in order </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">to give</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> the Father</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> glory</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h1 align="center" style="margin: 9pt 0cm 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">PART III: Comparisons and Critiques<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoSubtitle" style="margin: 9pt 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">A. Similarities
and Differences<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 17.85pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">To begin with, both Orthodox and LC have a similar view
that the church is “sacramental</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">”</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> by nature: expressing or
referring to the <i>mystery</i> of God</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s salvific work in Christ
according to His economy. They both put emphasis on the church as the body of
Christ, which is understood not as a metaphor but as a reality of divine-human
organism. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 17.85pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">Secondly, both the ecclesiology of Orthodox and of LC are
soteriological-driven that focuses on not only the conversion but also the <i>deification</i>.
Orthodox relates the Church to creation as whole, the cosmos. When the Church
has attained the fullness of growth – union with God – determined by the will
of God, the external world will perish and human beings are fully restored to God</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s image in them and their
original role as co-creators with God.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn51" name="_ftnref51" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[51]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">Keeping the ontological–economic distinction, they
both believe that the Church will be deified and fully one with God. The
soteriology and ecclesiology are interrelated in both traditions that believers</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> salvation
is chiefly understood and experienced in terms of the Church life, especially
centered or expressed in the Eucharist.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 17.85pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">However, unlike the Eastern Orthodox, LC is more
Protestant-centered that does not understand deification to be the issue of
sacraments, liturgy, and other ritual. Rather, LC believes that we become like God
through the operation of grace partaken through our daily enjoyment of the Word
of God, through prayer, and through fellowship with the believers in the many
gatherings of the Church. We are made like God through our partaking in Christ
and our living like Christ by grace in our daily lives in the Church.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn52" name="_ftnref52" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[52]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> It
is in this light that LC reforms the Church practice, especially of the Lord</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s Supper
gathering, in hope that the spiritual nourishment of the members and mutual
building up of the whole Church from spiritual eating may be maximized to reach
God</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s goal of deification on
the Church.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoSubtitle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 9pt 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">B. Critiques and Suggestions<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 17.85pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">In
Orthodox point of view, the Eucharist occupies a special position. The Church
is essentially a eucharistic assembly that all aspects of Church life is fully
revealed in any eucharistic community. However, as Sopko commented, it seems
that the Orthodox Church reduces the entire life of the Church to the
eucharistic assembly and, having reduced and fragmented ecclesial life, prefers
one ecclesiastical activity to others.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn53" name="_ftnref53" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[53]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a>
I am supportive of this comment that the Eucharist in Orthodox Church is placed
so high to an extent that it is the origin of the Church, determining every
aspect of the Church.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn54" name="_ftnref54" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[54]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a>
Though I think that there may be a shaping power by the Eucharistic liturgies
according to James Smith,<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn55" name="_ftnref55" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[55]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
nevertheless, by setting all aspects of the Church originated from the
Eucharist, the life of the Church is also possibly narrowed down to liturgy
alone and in the danger of sacramentalism.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 17.85pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">Orthodox Church
understands the Church in terms of the Eucharist with Bishops. Zizioulas
advocates an episcopocentric understanding of Church structure, that the local
Bishop primarily is the unique president of the Divine Liturgy and the
Eucharistic community. However, this seems contradictory to Paul</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s
description that the significance of the Eucharist is the fellowship of the
Body (Cf. 1 Cor. 10–11). In addition, the episcopocentric structure
inadvertently underemphasizes the charismatic character of the Church through a
form of hierarchicalism. In practice, Bishops serves the eucharistic mediators
who bridge God or Christ with the laity. In fact, the laity is not only an
instrument of the extension of the Church in the secular life, but also a
living force for maintaining the Church in its movement of manifesting Jesus
Christ. From my perspective, the episcopocentric structure not only restrains
the diversity of the gifts of the Holy Spirit within the community, but also
fails to express the Eucharistic community as the body of Christ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 17.85pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">On the other hand, LC</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s
ecclesiology is deeply rooted in the Reformation principle of <i>priesthood of
all believers</i>. Cheung critiques Nee of the view of eliminating the
Protestant ministerial system and the way of the communion service, and claims
that though the ministerial system is not found in the Bible, they are
necessary for the effective ministry of the Church.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftn56" name="_ftnref56" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[56]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> In
my view, the reason behind LC’s practices lies more on the </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">LC</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s understanding of the
sacramental view of the Church. By eliminating the ministerial system, Nee and
Lee believe that it helps the preaching of Christ</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s words and the working of
Christ’s Spirit in the Church and that every members in the church gatherings may
be nourished and perfected enough to practice the Reformation principle of the “priesthood
of all believers</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">”</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;"> and thus leads to the
spiritual growth of the Church to become Christ</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">s body and lampstand.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 17.85pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">In the Postmodern era, both Orthodox and LC have to
consider the Church in a global context in which new situation and new demands are
arising. That Orthodox insistently holds its liturgical Eucharistic practices,
and that LC rigidly goes back to the NT and rebuilds the primitive Church practices
may face new challenges in different cultures. In my opinion, they need to
adjust their approaches and methods in carrying out their sacramental views of
the Church so as to expand the Church in the new context.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h1 align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 9pt 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 24.1pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 200%;">As exploring the question of what is
means to be the church from the roots of their own understanding and practice on
the sacraments of the church, Eucharist, I hope there can be a productive
dialogue between both sides: a high appreciation and a proper understanding of the
two sacramental views of the Church with different approaches would be given to
both the long-standing Orthodox Church, and to the more Protestant-centered, emerging
LC movement for the sake of ecumenism.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: right;">
<br /></div>
<h1 align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bibliography</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "garamond" , serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">P</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">rimary:</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Afonsky,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> G</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">regory. <i>Christ
and the Church In Orthodox Teaching and Tradition. </i>St </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Vladimir</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HE; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">s Seminary
Press, 2001.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Athanasius. “<i>On the
Incarnation.</i></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">”</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> in
<i>A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene </i> <i>Fathers of the Christian Church. </i>Grand Rapids, 1957.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Bobrinkskoy,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Boris.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> <i>The Mystery of the Church: A
Course in Orthodox Dogmatic </i> <i>Theology</i>.
Michael Breck Tran. New York: St Vladmir</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HE; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">s Seminar
Press, 2012</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Bugakov, Sergius. <i>The Holy Grail and The Eucharist. </i>Herndon:
Lindisfarne Books, </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1997.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">5.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Eastern Orthodox Theology: A
Contemporary Reader</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">. Clendenin, B. Daniel edited. </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1995.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">6.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Cyprian of Carthage. </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">On the Unity of the Catholic
Church</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">in <i>On the Church: Select </i> <i>Treatises</i>.
St Vladimirs Seminary Press, 2006.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">7.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Hierotheos.
</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">The Mind of Orthodox Church</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">. E</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">sther Williams trans. Birth of the </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Theotokos
Monastery, 1998.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">8.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Husbands, Mark and Treier, Daniel J. edited. <i>The
Community of the Word</i>. Downers </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Grove: InterVasity Press, 2005.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">9.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Hymns</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Anaheim: Living
Stream Ministry, 2002.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">10.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">John of Damascus. “Exposition of
the Orthodox Faith</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">”</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> in
<i>Polnoie sobranie tvorenii, </i> Book
3, 1. St Petersburg, 1913.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">11.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">_____________</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">, <i>On
the Orthodox Faith,</i> 4.13, quoted by Kallistos Ware in <i>The </i></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Orthodox Church: New Edition. </span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">New York: Penguin, 1993.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">12.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Lee, Witness. <i>The Conclusion of the New Testament
(CNT) (1)</i>. Anaheim: Living Stream </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Ministry, 1991.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">13.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">_____________</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">. <i>The Conclusion of the New Testament
(CNT) (5)</i>. Anaheim: Living </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Stream
Ministry, 2014.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">14.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">_____________</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">. <i>A Deeper Study of the Divine Dispensing</i>. Anaheim: Living Stream </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Ministry, 1990.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">15.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">_____________</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">. <i>Christ Making His Home in Our Heart and the Building Up of the </i></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Church</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">. Anaheim: </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Living Stream
Ministry.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">16.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">_____________</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">. </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">How
God Becomes Man</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HE; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">’</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">s Enjoyment</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">. </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Anaheim:
Living Stream </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Ministry.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">17.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">_____________</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">. </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Life-Study
of 1 Corinthians</span><span lang="">:</span></i><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Messages 48-69</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> (3). Anaheim: Living </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Stream Ministry,
1990.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">18.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">_____________</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">. <i>The Divine Economy</i>. Anaheim: Living Stream Ministry, 1986.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">19.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Living Stream Ministry. <i>A Statement concerning
the Teachings of Living Stream </i></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Ministry Prepared for Fuller Theological Seminary</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">, January 20, 2007.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">20.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Louth, Andrew. <i>Introducing
Eastern Orthodox Theology</i>. Downers Grover: IVP, 2013.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">21.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Maximus the Confessor. </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">On Spiritual Knowledge and
Discrimination </span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">69,
<i>Philokalia </i> 1:276, quoted in <i>The
Philokalia: Exploring the Classic Text of Orthodox </i> <i>Spirituality</i>.
Brock Bingaman, Bradley Nassif edited.
Oxford University Press, 2012.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">22.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Meyendorff,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> John.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> <i>Byzantine Theology: Historical
Trends and Doctrinal Themes</i>. 2<sup>nd</sup>
edition. New York: Fordham University Press, 1999.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">23.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Nee, Watchman. <i>Collected Work
of Watchman Nee</i> <i>(CWWN)</i>, Vol. 34. </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Anaheim: Living </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Stream Ministry, 1992.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">24.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">_____________. <i>Collected Work
of Watchman Nee</i> <i>(CWWN)</i>, Vol. 44. </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Anaheim: Living </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Stream Ministry, 1992.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">25.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite. <i>Letter to the apostle
John, ep</i>. 10, quoted in <i>Pseudo-</i></span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></i><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Dionysius: The Complete Works</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">. NJ: Paulist Press, 1987.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">26.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Schmenmann,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Alexander</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">. <i>For the Life of the World:
Sacraments and Orthodoxy</i>. 1973 revised.
New York: St Vladimir</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HE; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">s Seminary Press, 2010.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">27.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Palamas, Gregory. <i>Sermon on the Holy Spirit </i>2, 78
in P. Christou. <i>Gregory Palamas, </i></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Works</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">, vol.1. Thessaloniki, 1962.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">28.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Smith,
James K. <i>Desiring the Kingdom: Worship,
Worldview, and Cultural Formation </i></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> (Cultural
Liturgies)</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2009.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">29.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Ware, Kallistos. <i>The Orthodox Church</i>. 2<sup>nd</sup>
ed. New York: Penguin books, 1993.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">30.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Z</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">izioulas,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> John.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> <i>Being
as Communion: Studies in Personhood and the Church. </i>New </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">York: St Vladimir</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HE; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">s Seminary Press, 1997.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">31.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">_____________</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">. <i>Eucharist, Bishop, Church: The Unity of The Church in the Divine </i></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Eucharist and the
Bishop During the First Three Centuries</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">.
Elizabeth Theokritoff </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">trans. Brookline:
Holy Cross </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Orthodox, 2001.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Secondary:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Cheung</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">,
James Mo-oi.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> <i>The
Ecclesiology of Watchman Nee and Witness Lee</i>. </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Washington: Christian Literature
Crusade, 1972.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Cunningham</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">, Mary B. </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">and Elizabeth Theokritoff edited. <i>The Cambridge
Companion to </i> <i>Orthodox Christian
Theology</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2008.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Kärkkäinen,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Veli-Matti. <i>An Introduction to Ecclesiology: Ecumenical, Historical
& </i></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Global Perspectives</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">. </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Downers Grove: InterVasity Press,
2002.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Sopko,
Andrew. <i>Prophet of Roman Orthodoxy: The Theology of John Romanides</i>. </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Dewdney, B. C.:
Synaxis Press, The Canadian Orthodox Publishing House, 1998.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Boris </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Bobrinkskoy, <i>The Mystery of the
Church: A Course in Orthodox Dogmatic Theology</i>, Michael Breck Tran. (St
Vladmir</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HE; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">s
Seminar Press, 2012), 108.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, <i>Letter to the apostle John, ep</i>. 10,
quoted in <i>Pseudo-Dionysius: The Complete Works</i> (Paulist Press, 1987).</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Kallistos Ware, <i>The Orthodox Church</i>,
2<sup>nd</sup> ed. (Penguin books, 1993), 276.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Bobrinkskoy, 116.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Witness Lee, <i>The Conclusion of
the New Testament (CNT) (1)</i> (Anaheim: Living Stream Ministry, 1991)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">, 9–10.</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Mark Husbands and Daniel J. Treier edited, <i>The
Community of the Word</i> (IVP, 2005), </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">193–4, 214–5.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">G</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">regory
Afonsky, <i>Christ and the Church In Orthodox Teaching and Tradition </i>(St
Vladimir</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HE; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">s Seminary Press, 2001), 5.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Veli-Matti </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Kärkkäinen</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">, <i>An
Introduction to Ecclesiology: Ecumenical, Historical & Global Perspectives</i>
(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">IVP, 2002), </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">18–19.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Hierotheos, </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">The Mind of Orthodox Church</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">, E</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">sther Williams
trans. (Birth of the Theotokos Monastery, 1998)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">, 41.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">John of Damascus, "Exposition of the Orthodox
Faith," in <i>Polnoie sobranie tvorenii, </i>Book 3, 1 (St Petersburg,
1913). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Athanasius, "<i>On the Incarnation,</i>" 8.54.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn12">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Hierotheos, 135.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn13">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> John </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Meyendorff, <i>Byzantine Theology:
Historical Trends and Doctrinal Themes</i>, 2<sup>nd</sup> edition (Fordham University Press, 1999), 215.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Bobrinksoy 116–7.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Cyprian of Carthage, </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">On the Unity
of the Catholic Church, </span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Section
5 in <i>On the Church: Select Treatises</i>
(St Vladimirs Seminary Press, 2006).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Bobrinskoy, 19.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Hierotheos, 106.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Alexander </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Schmenmann, <i>For the Life of the
World: Sacraments and Orthodoxy</i>, 1973 revised (St Vladimir</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HE; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">s Seminary
Press, 2010), 11–14.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Schmenmann, 20–21, 28.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Mary B. </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Cunningham and Elizabeth
Theokritoff edited, <i>The Cambridge Companion to Orthodox Christian Theology</i>
(Cambridge University Press, 2008), 121.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn21">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Vladimir </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Lossky, <i>The mystical theology of the Eastern Church </i>(St
Vladimirs Seminary, 1997)<i>, </i>181–182.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Kallistos, 285.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Hierotheos</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">, 42.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
Maximus the Confessor, </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">On Spiritual Knowledge and
Discrimination </span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">69, <i>Philokalia </i>1:276, quoted in <i>The Philokalia:
Exploring the Classic Text of Orthodox Spirituality</i>, Brock Bingaman,
Bradley Nassif edited (Oxford University Press, 2012), 154.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn25">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
Gregory Palamas, <i>Sermon on the Holy Spirit </i>2, 78 in P. Christou, <i>Gregory
Palamas, Works</i>, vol.1, Thessaloniki, 1962, 149.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn26">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> John
</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Z</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">izioulas, <i>Being as Communion: Studies
in Personhood and the Church </i>(St Vladimir</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HE; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">s Seminary Press,
1997), 145.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn27">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
John of Damascus, <i>On the Orthodox Faith,</i>
4.13, quoted by Kallistos
Ware in <i>The Orthodox Church: New Edition</i>
(Penguin, 1993), 285.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn28">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
Sergius Bugakov, <i>The Holy Grail and The Eucharist </i>(Lindisfarne Books,
1997)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, 63–65.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn29">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bokbrinskoy, 116–7.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn30">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Hierotheos, 106–110;
Shunemann 20–29, 29–46.</span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn31">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Witness Lee, <i>CNT (5)</i> (Living Stream
Ministry, 2014)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">,
2045–2052.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn32">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[32]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid, 2483.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn33">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid, 2139–2156.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn34">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> 2156–2157. Watchman Nee, <i>Collected
Work of Watchman Nee</i> <i>(CWWN)</i>, Vol. 44 (</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Living Stream Ministry, 1992)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">, 822–823.</span><span lang="" style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn35">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Lee, <i>CNT (5)</i>, 2171–2172.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn36">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Nee,
<i>CWWN</i>, Vol. 34 (</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Living Stream Ministry, 1992)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> 28–32.</span><span lang="" style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn37">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Lee, <i>CNT (5)</i></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">, 2287–91.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn38">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Nee,
<i>CWWN</i>, Vol. 34,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> 59–60.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn39">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref39" name="_ftn39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Lee, <i>CNT (5)</i></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">, 2287–8.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn40">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref40" name="_ftn40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid., <i>A Deeper Study of the Divine
Dispensing</i> (Living Stream Ministry, 1990), 53.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn41">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref41" name="_ftn41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[41]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid., <i>CNT (5)</i></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">, 2243.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn42">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref42" name="_ftn42" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[42]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Ibid.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">, 2291.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn43">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref43" name="_ftn43" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[43]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> <i>Hymns</i> (Living Stream Ministry, 2002), #1226.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn44">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref44" name="_ftn44" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[44]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> See Lee, Witness. <i>Christ Making His Home in Our Heart and the
Building Up of the Church</i>. Chp 8. Living Stream Ministry.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn45">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref45" name="_ftn45" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[45]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Lee, <i>Life-Study of 1 Corinthians</i></span><i><span lang="">:</span></i><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">
Messages 48-69</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> (3) (Living Stream Ministry, 1990), 449–450.</span><span lang="" style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn46">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref46" name="_ftn46" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[46]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid., <i>The Divine Economy</i> (Living Stream Ministry, 1986), 27.</span><span lang="" style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn47">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref47" name="_ftn47" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[47]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn48">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref48" name="_ftn48" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[48]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">See Lee, Witness. </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">How God
Becomes Man</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HE; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">’</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">s Enjoyment</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">, </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Chp.3. </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Living Stream
Ministry.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn49">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref49" name="_ftn49" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[49]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Lee, </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Life-Study of Leviticus: Message 1–35 (1) </span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Living Stream
Ministry</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">,</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> 2001), 108–110.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn50">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref50" name="_ftn50" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[50]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Ibid., </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">CNT
(5)</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">, 2195.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn51">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref51" name="_ftn51" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[51]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Lossky</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">, 178.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn52">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref52" name="_ftn52" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[52]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> <i>A Statement concerning the Teachings of Living Stream Ministry
Prepared for Fuller Theological Seminary</i>, January 20, 2007, 25–26. (http://www.lctestimony.org/StatementOfTeachings.pdf.)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn53">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref53" name="_ftn53" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[53]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Andrew Sopko, <i>Prophet of Roman Orthodoxy: The Theology of John
Romanides</i> (Synaxis Press, The Canadian Orthodox Publishing House, 1998),
151.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn54">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref54" name="_ftn54" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[54]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> John Zizioulas, <i>Eucharist, Bishop, Church: The Unity of The Church
in the Divine Eucharist and the Bishop During the First Three Centuries</i>,
Elizabeth Theokritoff trans. (Holy Cross Orthodox, 2001), 17.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn55">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref55" name="_ftn55" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[55]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> Smith, James K. <i>Desiring the Kingdom: Worship, Worldview,
and Cultural Formation (Cultural Liturgies)</i>. Baker Academic, 2009.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn56">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/BITH676_exam%20paper_Brian%20Siukit%20Chiu_88152_v13.docx#_ftnref56" name="_ftn56" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[56]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> James Mo-oi </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Cheung, <i>The
Ecclesiology of Watchman Nee and Witness Lee</i> (Christian Literature Crusade,
1972), 124–5.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</div>
brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-87570452187506260182015-12-24T16:57:00.003-08:002020-08-30T16:14:05.557-07:00歷史神學系列〈2〉:再思亞他那修在亞流爭論中的論據 Rethinking of Athanasius's Arguments in Arian Controversy<div class="ListParagraph1" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="text-align: left;">湃 恩</span></div>
<span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;"> 筆者在本文旨在從亞流的兩封書信:《亞流致尼哥米底亞的優西比烏(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Arius’s
Letter to Eusebius of Nicomedia</span></i><span style="font-family: "simsun";">)</span><span style="font-family: "simsun";">》</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif;">和</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">《亞流致亞歷山大的亞歷山大(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Arius’s
Letter to Alexander of Alexandria</span></i><span style="font-family: "simsun";">)</span><span style="font-family: "simsun";">》</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif;">,以及亞他那修</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">《</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif;">駁亞流四論文(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Four Discourses Against the Arians</span></i><span style="font-family: "simsun";">)</span><span style="font-family: "simsun";">》</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif;">的卷一和卷三,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">論證在第四世紀的亞流爭論中,亞他那修(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">Athanasius</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">AD 296-373</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">)最大的關注乃是亞流</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">Arius</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">AD 256-336</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">的異端教訓,抹</span><span style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">殺</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">了在道成肉身中神性與人性的聯合,並含示了墮落的人類再沒法在神人聯合裡得著有效的救恩。亞他那修的論據乃是從當時的形而上論、認識論,以及更重要的是救恩論—即以在基督裡被神化</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">theosis</span></i><i><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">)</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">,作為在神經綸裡救恩的目標—來證明子基督的神性,以及子與父的關係。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In this essay, I argue according to Arius's </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Arius’s Letter to Eusebius of Nicomedia</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> and </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Arius’s Letter to Alexander of Alexandria</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">, and Athanasius's </span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Four Discourses Against the Arians</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">, that in the fourth
century's Arian controversy, Athanasius's greatest concern to the Arians'
heretic teaching is that there is no genuine union of divinity and humanity in
the Incarnation of the Word, implying there is no efficacious salvation for the
fallen human race from the God-man union. His arguments</span><span lang="" style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">range from
metaphysics, epistemology, and most importantly, soteriology - the thought of
deification (<i>theosis</i>) in Christ as the goal of salvation in the economy
of God, to demonstrate the divinity of Christ the Son, and his relationship
with the Father.</span></span><br />
<span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">亞流對神與基督的理解</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Arians’ Understanding on God and Christ</span></b></div>
<div class="ListParagraph1" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.8pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">亞流為著持守絕對一神論</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">absolute monotheism</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">,他堅稱唯有神是永</span><span style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">恆</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">地自存</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">self-subsistent</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">)、非受生(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">u</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">nbegotten</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">)、不改變(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">unchangeable</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">),以及沒有複數(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">plurality</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">)。神為要創造世界,在時間和各世代之先,祂憑著祂的自由意志,藉著祂自己的「智慧」和「道」,創造子作為依賴的存有。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">在亞流的觀念中,子是與神自己截然不同的存有,子是可改變的(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">changeable</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">),非永恆地存在(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">not eternally-existed</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">),是受生的(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">b</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">egotten</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">),並因而是有一個開始。正如他自己常說的話,「曾有一時,祂(子)並不存在。」子作為首生和完全的受造物,祂分享父的生命、存有和榮耀,祂所有的都是從父接受的。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">子藉著在肉身的時</span><span style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">候</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">完全順服父的旨意,被父高舉作為祂美德和自我改進的奬賞。祂被父收養,有分於父的恩典,而被稱作「神(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">g</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">od</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">)」、「道」和「智慧」。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">如此,子就成了人類救恩的模型(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">p</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">attern</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">)。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In holding an absolute monotheism, Arian
maintains that God alone is self-subsistent eternally, unbegotten,
unchangeable, and without any plurality. To create the world, God, by his
entirely free will, through his own "Wisdom" and "Word",
creates the Son as a subsistent being who is wholly distinct from himself, before
times and ages.</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="text-indent: 31.7333px;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">[1] </span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">The Son in Arian's view is changeable, not
eternally-existed, and thus was begotten and has a beginning. As he often said,
"there once a time when he (the Son) was not". As the firstborn and
perfect creature, the Son shares the Father's life, being, and glory, receiving
all his things from the Father.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="text-indent: 31.7333px;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">[2] </span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">He, through fully obeying the Father's will in
the flesh, was exalted as a reward for virtues and improvement, being called
"god", "word" and "wisdom" by adoption and
participation of grace.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="text-indent: 31.7333px;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px; text-indent: 31.7333px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">As such, the Son's pattern acted as a salvation
for all humankind.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">亞他那修的反駁</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Athanasius's Refutation</span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">形而上論中子與父的關係</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Relationship between Son and Father on
Metaphysics</span></b></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">首先,因著亞流派認為父是「非起始</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">u</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">noriginated</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">)的,而子是「有起始的」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">originated</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">),他們認為將子的神性等同父的神性即否認了父的非起始性。亞他那修指出亞流跟隨了當代希</span><span style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">臘</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">哲學的邏輯,亞流意味著父必定是唯一的創造者,萬物包括子都是起始於祂。因此,亞流推斷子必定是受造物,是在父的本質以外的。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">亞他那修反駁指出,若如亞流所說,作為受造物的子,能因有分恩典而被稱作「神」,那麼,我們能否因所有受造物有分於神的恩典,而稱它們都為「神」?若子是次神,則有為何沒有第三、第四、第一百萬的神?</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">故此,對亞他那修來說,「亞流派不是帶來泛神論,就是無神論。」</span><br />
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">To begin with, Arians say that since the Father
is "unoriginated" while the Son is "originate", equaling
the Father and the Son is to deny the "unoriginality" of the Father.
Athanasius pointed out that following the logic of the Greek philosophy, Arius
infers that the Father must be the only Creator who originates all things,
including the Son. Thus, the Son must be a creature, external from the Father's
substance.</span></span></span></span></span></a><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="text-indent: 24pt;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">[4] </span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 24pt;">Athanasius argues that if the Son is a creature
we call "God" only by participation, as Arians said, can we call all
creatures "God" as all creatures are participating in the grace of
God? Or if the Son is a second God, why not a third, fourth, millionth?</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="text-indent: 24pt;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">[5] </span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 24pt;">Thus, for Athanasius, "</span><i style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 24pt;">The Ario-maiacs
with reason incur the charge of polytheism or else of atheism.</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 24pt;">"</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="text-indent: 24pt;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></span></a></div>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">憑著全然有分互相内在,而與神是一</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Co-inhering being One God by wholly participation</span></b></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">亞他那修認為基督取得和持守祂的兒子名分的方式,乃是在本質上不同於我們的方式。祂作為子,並非如我們這些受造物般憑著收養或恩典,外在並依賴地有分於父,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">而是憑著本質全然地有分於父。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">在《駁亞流四論文》卷三,亞他那修引入「互相内在</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">coinherence</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">)這概念來說明這點。父和子各是完整和完全的神。正如約翰福音</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">14</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">至</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">17</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">章所示,祂們互相內在彼此裡面,故祂們的本質是一並相同。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">因為子是在父裡面,祂所有的就是父所有。子作為父自己的形像和兒子,子與父乃是同一位神。</span><br />
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Athanasius suggests the way which Christ gains
and holds his Sonship is essentially different from ours. He is not
participating in the Father by adoption or grace, as creatures do, externally
and dependently,</span></span></span></span></span></a><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">[7] </span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">but is "wholly participating" in the
Father by nature, even that what is partaken from the Father, is the Son.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">[8] </span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In Book 3, Athanasius introduces the concept of
the coinherence to illustrate this point. The Father and the Son, each whole
and perfect God, are in each other as shown in the Gospel of John 14-17, so
their substance is one and the same.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Since the Son is in the Father, he has all that
the Father has. Being Father's own Image and offspring, the Son and the Father are
one God.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></span></a></div>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">子的不變性</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Immutability of the Son</span></b></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">對於亞流所認為道是「可變的」,亞他那修反對這看法而反問:「怎能一位既是父的形像,而沒有像父的不變性?」,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">並回應說:「因此,不變之神的形像必定也是不變的」,因為「子的存有和本質既是來自父,子也就如父自己一樣是不改變的。」</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">故此,亞他那修總結,子是如父一樣不改變,因為祂分享父相同的本質。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Concerning the Arian statement whether the Word
is "mutable", Athanasius objects to it by asking a rhetorical
question "<i>how can such a one be the Father’s Image, not having the
likeness of His unalterableness?</i>"</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="text-indent: 31.7333px;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">[11] </span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">and replying "</span><i style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">therefore the Image of the
unalterable God must be unchangeable</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">" because "</span><i style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">the Son, being
from the Father, and proper to His essence, is unchangeable and unalterable as
the Father Himself.</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">"</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="text-indent: 31.7333px;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="line-height: 18.4px; text-indent: 31.7333px;"> </span><br />
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">子的可知性</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Son's Knowability</span></b></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">為回應亞流的觀念,認為子對父缺乏完全的認識,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">亞他那修回答為何子在肉身時看似對父的認識是無知的,他指出子的知識就是父的知識,然而為著門徒的益處,祂情願像人一樣不認識父。</span><br />
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In response to the Arian view that the Son lacks
perfect knowledge to the Father,</span></span></span></span></span></a><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="text-indent: 31.7333px;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">[13] </span></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">Athanasius answered why the Son seemed irrogant
to the Father when he was in</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;"> the flesh, saying the
knowledge of the Son is the knowledge of the Father</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">, but for the profit of his disciples, he did
not know as a </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">man</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="text-indent: 31.7333px;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></span></a></div>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">對救恩的關切</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Urgency to Salvation</span></b></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">亞流持守與亞他那修截然不同的救贖觀。他理解子乃是一個完美的受造物,祂在祂的生命和屬地職事裡,藉著順服完美地滿足了父的旨意,並被高舉為「神」,以作為「祂美德的賞賜」或「提昇」,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">因而成了人類提昇至神,被收養而取得兒子名分的模型和先鋒。亞他那修認為亞流這觀點,廢除了子成肉身使神自己與人性聯合的工作。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">他堅持除非道就是神自己親自成為肉身而來,否則我們仍是活在罪中。在他看來,不僅子的成肉身,連祂的降卑、受膏、受苦難、受死、被高舉等一切過程,都是為著我們的救恩,甚至是「代表我們」。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">亞他那修跟隨教會傳統的神化教導,指出子成肉身乃是為著人被神化這終極的救恩目標。只有祂是神自己才能使人神化成為神的眾子。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">然而,子在祂肉身裡取上人性時並沒有失去祂的神性。反之,因祂就是神自己,祂甚至能神化祂所取的肉身。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">因此,對亞流派來說,因為看子是作為給人類道德的模型,故子必定是如墮落的人類般是受造物;但對亞他那修來說,因為看子是人類能憑有分恩典而成為神的拯救者,故子必定是本質上是神。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Arius holds a radically different soteriological
point from Athanasius. He understood that as a perfect creature, the Son has
perfectly fulfilled Father’s will through obedience in his life and earthly
ministry, and exalted to be “god” as </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">"a reward for his virtue" or
“promotion”</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="text-indent: 31.7333px;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="line-height: 18.4px; text-indent: 31.7333px;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">, </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">thus becoming the model and pioneer of men’s
progress to God that man may be adopted and gain their Sonships. Athanasius
considers this view as undoing the work of the Son’s incarnation in which </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">God himself unified
with humanity.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="text-indent: 31.7333px;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="line-height: 18.4px; text-indent: 31.7333px;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">H</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">e insists that unless the Word is God coming to
us in flesh, then we are still in our sins. He regards not only the Son's
incarnation, his being humbled, anointed, suffering, death and exalted are also
for our salvation and even “on our behalf”.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="text-indent: 31.7333px;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="line-height: 18.4px; text-indent: 31.7333px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">Athanasius, following the tradition church
teaching of deification, argues that the Son’s incarnation is for human’s
deification as the goal of salvation. Only he, being God, can deify man to be
sons of God.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" style="text-indent: 31.7333px;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="line-height: 18.4px; text-indent: 31.7333px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">The Son, however, did not lose his divinity when
taking up humanity in the flesh. Rather, because he is the very God, he even
deified the flesh he took up.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" style="text-indent: 31.7333px;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">[19] </span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">Thus, to Arians, for acting a moral improvement
model for men, the Son must be a creature as fallen men; while to Athanasius,
for men to be saved unto the gods by participation in grace, the Son must be
the true God by nature.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">總結</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Conclusion</span></b></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">總結來說,亞他那修乃是照著「信仰的規範」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">the scope of faith</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">),</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">即子基督是永恆的道、是父的道、光輝和智慧,成肉身來作我們的救主。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">亞他那修從形而上論、認識論和救贖論,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">論證子乃是在「創造</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">-</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">受造界線」中的創造者,祂有完全的神性。為了從亞流的誤用和誤解聖經語言中區別出來,亞他那修採用了當時哲學詞彙「同質」</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">homoousios</span></i><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%;">)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">,並視唯有這詞才能足以描述聖經的觀念—子與父乃是本體上(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">ontologically</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; line-height: 115%;">)與父相同本質。</span><br />
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">To sum up, the Son understood in the view of
Athanasius is according to "the scope of faith"</span></span></span></span></span></a><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" style="text-indent: 31.7333px;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;">[20]</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">, that he is the Eternal Word, being the
Father’s Word, and Radiance and Wisdom, made flesh becoming our Savior.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" style="text-indent: 31.7333px;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;">[22] </span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">From the perspectives of metaphysics,
epistemology and soteriology, </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">Athanasius demonstrates that the Son is of the
Creator in the Creator-creation distinction to have the perfect divinity, and
in order to differentiate from Arians’ misusing and misinterpreting biblical
languages, he employed the philosophical word </span><i style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;">homoousios</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 23.8pt;"> and deems only
this word was sufficiently enough to describe the biblical sense that the Son
and the Father are ontologically the same substance.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" style="text-indent: 31.7333px;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;">[23]</span></span></a><br />
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> 有趣的是,亞流和亞他那修二人均是亞歷山大學派俄利根之屬靈遺產的繼承者。然而,亞他那修嘗試努力地遵循他先前教父的神學釋經,就是按照「信仰準則」(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">Rule of Faith</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">),以基督作為神永恆救贖計劃</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(</span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">oikonomia</span></i><span style="font-family: "simsun"; line-height: 115%;">)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">中心的釋經。儘管亞他那修採用了當時哲學的非聖經用語,他並沒有跟隨亞流採用當時的哲學思考路徑來詮釋聖經。反之,他乃是跟隨教會傳統,尤其是以救贖論的角度,來詮釋聖經。這教會傳統的救贖論,就是神為要使人成為神,祂親自成為了人。在亞他那修向亞流派的論據中,清楚顯示出救恩作為神化這觀念佔據他的神學思想一個首要且中心的位置。這觀念亦塑造了後期教會的神學發展,尤其是東方教會。筆者認為若要更完全地明白初期正統神學發展史,這點值得今日的更正教福音派注意,以重新發掘教父的神學釋經,以及神化的救贖觀。</span><br />
<span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Both Arius and
Athanasius, interestingly, are the successors of Origen's spiritual
inheritance. However, Athanasius was trying to keep in the Patristics'
theological interpretation, which is Christocentric in the God's eternal
salvation plan (<i>oikonomia</i>) according to the "Rule of Faith". I
found that though taking the extra-biblical languages from philosophy,
Athanasius did not interpret Scripture in that track as Arius did, but in the
church tradition track, particularly the soteriological track, that God in
order to make men God, he himself has to make man. In Athanasius's argument
with the Arians, it is clearly shown that salvation as deification takes the
primary and central position in his theological thought. This concept has also
shaped the theological development of the latter church, particular the Eastern
Church. I think it is worth the attention of today's evangelicals to rediscover
Patristics' theological interpretation and especially, this traditional
soteriological concept of deification in order to better understand the history
of early orthodox theological development.</span></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Arius,
"Arius’s Letter to Eusebius of Nicomedia", 4-5, in <b><i>The
Trinitarian Controversy,</i> William G. Rusch trans. and ed. (U.S: Fortress
Press, 1980)</b>, pp.29-30.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Arius,
"Arius’s Letter to Alexander of Alexandria", 3-5 in ibid., pp.31-32.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Athanasius,
<i>NPNF2-04. Athanasius: Select Works and
Letters, Four Discourses Against the
Arians</i>, 1.9: “(Arius said) And ‘Christ is not very God, but He, as
others, was made God <u>by participation</u>; the Son has not exact knowledge
of the Father, nor does the Word see the Father perfectly; and neither exactly
understands nor knows the Father. He is not the very and only Word of the
Father, but is in name only called Word and Wisdom, and is called <u>by grace
Son</u> and Power. He is not unalterable, as the Father is, but <u>alterable in
nature, as the creatures</u>.”<br />
</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> 1.38: "they say this
of the Savior… of <u>the mere grace given to Him</u>, and for a Creator of His
being according to essence, after the similitude of all others. And being such,
as they maintain, it will be manifest further that He had not the name Son’
from the first, if so be it was the prize of works done and of that very same
advance which He made when He became man, and took the form of the servant; but
then, when, after becoming ‘obedient unto death,’ He was, as the text says, <u>‘highly
exalted,’ and received that ‘Name’ as a grace</u>, ‘that in the Name of Jesus
every knee should bow.’ <b>(translated by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace, 1891,
from http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf204.html)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid.,
1.31: " But if they still are satisfied with merely asking, ‘Is the
Unoriginate one or two?’… they are like to say that the Unoriginate is the
image of creatures; the end of which is a confusion of the whole subject, <u>an
equalling of things originated with the Unoriginate</u>, and <u>a denial of the
Unoriginate by measuring Him with the works; and all to reduce the Son into
their number (works)</u>."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid.,
3.16: " For they cannot see the One in the Other, because their natures
and operations are foreign and distinct. And with such sentiments, <u>they will
certainly be going on to more gods</u>, for this will be the essay of those who
revolt from the One God.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid.,
3.15: "…Rather then <u>will the Ario-maniacs with reason incur the charge
of polytheism or else of atheism</u>, because they idly talk of the Son as
external and a creature, and again the Spirit as from nothing. For either they
will say that the Word is not God; or saying that He is God, because it is so
written, but not proper to the Father’s Essence, <u>they will introduce many
because of their difference of kind</u> (unless forsooth they shall dare to say
that by participation only, He, as <u>all things else, is called God</u>."</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid., 1.6:
" Moreover he has dared to say, that ‘the Word is not the very God;’
‘though He is called God, yet He is not very God,’ but ‘<u>by participation of
grace</u>, He, as others, <u>is God only in name</u>.’ And, whereas <u>all
beings are foreign and different from God in essence, so too is ‘the Word alien
and unlike in all things to the Father’s essence and propriety</u>,’ but
belongs to things originated and created, and is one of these."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn8">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid.,
1.16: "Such thoughts then being evidently unseemly and untrue, we are
driven to say that what is <u>from the essence</u> of the Father, and proper to
Him, is entirely the Son; for it is all one to say that God is <u>wholly
participated</u>, and that He begets…the Son Himself partakes of nothing, but <u>what
is partaken from the Father, is the Son</u>…. For they cannot see <u>the One in
the Other</u>, because their natures and operations are foreign and distinct.
And with such sentiments, they will certainly be going on to more gods, for
this will be the essay of those who revolt from <u>the One God</u>."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid., 3.3:
"I in the Father and the Father in Me.’ For <u>the Son is in the Father</u>,
as it is allowed us to know, because <u>the whole Being of the Son is proper to
the Father’s essence</u>, as radiance from light, and stream from fountain; so
that whoso sees the Son, sees what is proper to the Father, and knows that the
Son’s Being, because from the Father, is therefore in the Father."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn10">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid., 3.1:
"For He is Himself the Father’s Power and Wisdom, and by partaking of Him
things originate are sanctified in the Spirit; but the Son Himself is not Son
by participation, but is the <u>Father’s own Offspring</u>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 10pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Ibid., 3.4: "but the <u>nature is one</u>; (for the offspring
is not unlike31 its parent, for it is his image), and all that is the Father's,
is the Son's.</span><span lang=""> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Wherefore
neither is the Son another God, …and He and the Father are <u>one in propriety
and peculiarity of nature</u>, and in the identity of the <u>one Godhead</u>".<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn11">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid.,
1.35: "</span><span lang=""> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">For the Father is unalterable and
unchangeable, and is always in the same state and the same; but if, as they
hold, the Son is alterable, and not always the same, but of an ever-changing
nature, <u>how can such a one be the Father’s Image, not having the likeness of
His unalterableness?</u>"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn12">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid.,
1.36: " Therefore the Image of the unalterable God must be unchangeable;
for ‘Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, to-day, and for ever.’… And with
reason; for things originate, being from nothing, and not being before their
origination, because, in truth, they come to be after not being, have a nature
which is changeable; but <u>the Son, being from the Father, and proper to His
essence, is unchangeable and unalterable as the Father Himself</u>."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn13">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid., 1.6:
"…he(Arius) has stated in his Thalia, that ‘even to the Son the Father is
invisible,’ and <u>‘the Word cannot perfectly and exactly either see or know
His own Father</u>;’ but even what He knows and what He sees, He knows and sees
‘in proportion to His own measure,’ as we also know according to our own power.<u>
For the Son, too, he says, not only knows not the Father exactly, for He fails
in comprehension, but ‘He knows not even His own essence</u>."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn14">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid.,
3.49: "the Son then did know, as being the Word; for He implied this in
what He said,—‘<u>I know but it is not for you to know</u>;’ for it was for
your sakes that sitting also on the mount I said according to the flesh, ‘<u>No,
not the Son knoweth,’ for the profit of you and all</u>."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn15">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid., 1.37: “For if He
received what He had <u>as a reward</u> of His purpose, and would not have had
it, unless He had needed it, and had His work to shew for it, then having <u>gained
it from virtue and promotio</u>n, with reason had He <u>‘therefore’ been called
Son and God</u>, without being very Son.”. <br />
Ibid., 1.40: “And in vain do the Arians
lay stress upon the conjunction ‘wherefore,’ because Paul has said, ‘Wherefore,
hath God highly exalted Him.’ For in saying this he did not imply any <u>prize
of virtue</u>, nor <u>promotion from advance</u>…” <br />
See more “reward of virtue”,
“advancement” or “promotion” on 1.36, 1.38, 1.39, 1.40, 1.44, 1.47, 1.49, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn16">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid., 3.32: “More
clearly however and indisputably than all reasoning does what was said by the
Archangel to the Bearer of God herself, shew the <u>oneness of the Divine Word
and Man</u>. For he says, ‘The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the Power
of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that Holy Thing which
shall be born of thee, shall be called <u>the Son of God</u>.’”</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn17">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">This point is particularly
emphasized and shown in the fact that the phrase "for us" appears 47
times in Books 1 and 3. </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Ibid., 1.41: </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">For example,
"Therefore, because he was the image of the Father, and because he was
immortal, the Word 'took the form of a slave' [Phil. 2:7] and <u>for us</u> as
man in his flesh endured death, that thus <u>on our behalf</u> through death he
might offer himself to the Father. There also as man, on account of us and <u>on
our behalf</u>, he is said to be highly exalted, so that in in his death we all
have died in Christ so that in Christ himself again we may be highly
exalted…"</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid., 1.41: </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">For example,
"Therefore, because he was the image of the Father, and because he was
immortal, the Word 'took the form of a slave' [Phil. 2:7] and <u>for us</u> as
man in his flesh endured death, that thus <u>on our behalf</u> through death he
might offer himself to the Father. There also as man, on account of us and <u>on
our behalf</u>, he is said to be highly exalted, so that in in his death we all
have died in Christ so that in Christ himself again we may be highly
exalted…"<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn18">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 5pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid.,
1.38-39: "…he did not have the title of Son and God as a reward; rather, <u>he
himself has made us sons to the Father</u>, <u>and deified men, having become
man himself</u>… but <u>being God</u>, he later become man, that instead he
might <u>deify</u> us." Similar expression regarding deification of
Athanasius would be found in 1.42. 1.45, 3.39.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn19">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid.,
3.38: "For He did not, when He became man, cease to be God; nor, whereas
He is God does He shrink from what is man’s; perish the thought; but rather, <u>being
God</u>, He has taken to Him the flesh, and <u>being in the flesh deifies the
flesh</u>."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn20">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid.,
3.28: " Now what has been briefly said above may suffice to shew
their(Arian's) <u>misunderstanding of the passages</u> they then alleged; and
that of what they now allege from the Gospels they certainly <u>give an unsound
interpretation</u>."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn21">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid.,
3.29: "Now the <u>scope and character of Holy Scripture</u>, as we have
often said, is this,—it contains a double account of the Savior; that He was
ever God, and is the Son, being the Father’s Word and Radiance and Wisdom; and
that afterwards for us He took flesh of a Virgin, Mary Bearer of God, and <u>was
made man</u>."</span><span lang="" style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn22">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Athanasius also used the
emphatic vindication of <b>worship</b> as the exclusive prerogative of
divinity. He argues that the worship of the Son even before his incarnation and
exaltation proves that he is really the true God. See </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">ibid., 1.43: "He
only <u>who is really God</u> is worshipped in the Name of our Lord Jesus
Christ. For the fact that the Lord, even when come in human body and called
Jesus, <u>was worshipped</u> and believed to be God’s Son, and that through Him
the Father was known…", and ibid., 3:32: "…we may become, not
worshippers of any other, but <u>truly devout towards God</u>, because we
invoke no originate thing, no ordinary man, but the natural and <u>true Son
from God</u>, who has become man, yet is <u>not the less Lord and God and
Savior</u>."</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%A2%AB%E9%80%A0/%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%81%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E6%93%9A.docx#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> Ibid., 1.9:
'(He is) Very Son of the Father, natural and genuine, proper to His essence,
Wisdom Only-begotten, and Very and Only Word of God is He;<u> not a creature or
work, but an offspring proper to the Father’s essence</u>. Wherefore He is very
God, <u>existing one in essence (<i>homoousios</i>) with the very Father</u>."</span><span lang="" style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-87930905399937113762015-12-04T22:33:00.002-08:002015-12-04T22:45:02.958-08:00轉自: Got Questions Ministries 事工 [Are the teachings of Witness Lee and the Local Church biblical?]<div>
<b>[What is the conclusion of the matter, and what are Christians to believe about Witness Lee and the Local Church movement? Elliot Miller, editor-in-chief of the Christian Research Journal, declares at the end of the 50-page treatment “We were wrong” and concludes that the Local Church is not an “aberrant Christian group” but a “solid orthodox group of believers.” (note: <a href="http://www.equip.org/christian-research-journal/we-were-wrong-2">http://www.equip.org/christian-research-journal/we-were-wrong-2</a>/) Since Got Questions Ministries <u>has a cordial and respectful relationship with CRI, we have no doubt their conclusions are based on extensive and diligent research and are therefore valid</u>.] (Got Questions Ministries )</b></div>
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<a href="http://www.gotquestions.org/Witness-Lee-local-church.html">http://www.gotquestions.org/Witness-Lee-local-church.html</a></div>
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<b>Question: </b>"Are the teachings of Witness Lee and the Local Church biblical?"</div>
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<b>Answer:</b> Please note - many have approached us and expressed disappointment that we tend to agree with CRI's assessment of the Local Church movement. There are many people, some of them formerly involved in the Local Church, who are absolutely convinced that the Local Church is a cult, or at least a non-biblical and non-evangelical movement. The more we research the Local Church, however, the more we run into widely divergent views of the movement. As a result, we have decided to leave our Local Church article as it currently is. However, due to the major concerns many people have about the Local Church, we strongly advise you to use the utmost caution and discernment before visiting or joining the Local Church movement. Here are some sites at which you could pursue further research into the Local Church / Witness Lee / Living Stream movement:</div>
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<a href="http://faithsaves.net/watchman-nee/">http://faithsaves.net/watchman-nee/.</a></div>
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<a href="http://assemblylife.com./">http://assemblylife.com.</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.open-letter.org/">http://www.open-letter.org/</a>.</div>
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<a href="https://contrast2.wordpress.com/">https://contrast2.wordpress.com/.</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.apologeticsindex.org/">http://www.apologeticsindex.org/.</a></div>
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Witness Lee was the protégé of his predecessor, Watchman Nee, a well-known missionary in China. The Local Church movement was founded in China by Nee and brought to America in 1962 by Witness Lee. Thus began a long and strange saga of charges, counter-charges, lawsuits, strife, and misunderstandings between the Local Church movement and the evangelical community that has left much wreckage in its wake, and has yet to be fully resolved. Foremost in the controversy is whether the LC is a legitimate movement within Christianity or a cult. Statements made by Lee over the years have caused his organization to be described as a cult by such counter-cult organizations as the Christian Research Institute—under both founder Walter Martin and current president Hank Hanegraaff—and the Spiritual Counterfeits Project. However, a 50-page series of articles in a 2009 edition of the CRI Journal has come out strongly in favor of Lee’s teachings and the Local Church movement. </div>
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The history of the conflict between Witness Lee and his Local Church movement—also known as the “Lord’s Recovery Movement,” along with their publishing arm, Living Stream Ministry (LSM)—and the counter-cult establishment is far too long for a detailed recounting here, but those who are interested in the full story can access it through the CRI website http://journal.equip.org/issues/we-were-wrong. Since the publication of CRI’s retraction of their former stand, churches and ministries, including GotQuestions.org, have had to rethink and reinvestigate their stand on Witness Lee and the Local Church. </div>
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For the purposes of this article, the major causes of controversy between the Local Church and the Christian community in the West will be addressed. The concerns raised by counter-cult organizations about Lee’s teachings center primarily on four areas: the nature of God, the nature of man, the legitimacy of evangelical churches and denominations, and the lawsuits brought against Evangelical churches, publishers and individuals by the Local Church. We will look at them one by one. </div>
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Regarding Lee’s views on the theological doctrines of God and man, the controversy centers around statements which are “red flags” to evangelicals, particularly those in the West. This is an important factor in this discussion because it appears much of the controversy could have been avoided if only Lee and his followers had made an effort to understand the Western Christian culture into which they were moving. Part of the training of Western missionaries sent to foreign countries is sensitivity to other cultures. Unfortunately, in bringing their doctrines to the West, no effort was made to “Westernize” them, and this was the source of much of the confusion, misunderstandings, and recriminations that resulted. For one thing, Lee’s method of teaching—to make radical statements and then balance them elsewhere in his teachings—proved to be antithetical to the Western idea of “say what you mean and mean what you say.” Lee’s doctrinal statements on the nature of God and the nature of man are perfect examples. In one of his messages, he states, “The traditional explanation of the Trinity is grossly inadequate and borders on tritheism” (Life Messages, p. 164). Naturally, this is enough to inflame Western evangelicals, who proudly affirm the doctrine of the Trinity as it has been passed down from the great theologians of our Western Christian heritage. To judge it to be “grossly inadequate” by Lee raised legitimate concerns about Lee himself. Closer scrutiny of Lee’s teachings elsewhere, however, brings to light that they actually agree with evangelical orthodoxy. </div>
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The same can be said of his teachings on the nature of man. Some of his most inflammatory statements are in regard to what appears, on the surface, to assert the deity of man. In an LSM publication, A Deeper Study of the Divine Dispensing (p. 54), Lee states, ”My burden is to show you clearly that God’s economy and plan is to make Himself man and to make us, His created beings, God.” On page 53 we read, “We are born of God; hence, in this sense, we are God.” In the same publication, Lee refers to the Triune God as now the ‘four-in-one’ God, with man as the fourth person. Nothing raises a red flag to evangelicals more quickly than any notion that man is God, because we are rightly taught that it is the original lie from the Garden of Eden (Genesis 3:5) and is the same lie propagated by cults and false religions such as Hinduism, New Age, and Mormonism throughout history. To the Western mind, at least, imparting the idea of any kind of godhood to those who struggle against the sin nature is disastrous. Western Christians, already steeped in the philosophy of freedom, autonomy, individuality, and the triumph of the human will—and the pride such thinking inevitably produces—need not be encouraged to see themselves as divine. But the CRI researchers found that a closer examination of context and terminology reveals that Lee’s views on the “deification” of man (another unfortunate choice of words and a red flag term) do not really mean that at all. The sentence after the “in this sense, we are God” quote reads, “Nevertheless, we must know that we do not share God’s Person and cannot be worshipped by others.” Herein lies the problem. Putting the two statements together, Lee is essentially saying we are God, but we are not God. It is no wonder that confusion is rampant. </div>
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Regarding the third area of controversy, this is what Witness Lee has said in his own publications about Christians and Christianity: “We do not care for Christianity, we do not care for Christendom, we do not care for the Roman Catholic Church, and we do not care for all the denominations, because in the Bible it says that the great Babylon is fallen. This is a declaration. Christianity is fallen, Christendom is fallen, Catholicism is fallen, and all the denominations are fallen. Hallelujah!” Once again, Lee’s unfortunate choice of words, possibly due to English not being his native language, has caused consternation among American evangelicals. To say that Christianity is fallen is seen as painting with a far-too-broad brush and accusing the entire of the body of Christ of being false and fallen creatures. But here again, we have to dig more deeply to find what Lee really meant by that statement. Context and terminology are once again at the center of a true understanding of Lee’s doctrine. After careful and diligent examination, the CRI researchers came to the conclusion that Lee’s pattern of the use of “certain hot button words associated in our minds with heresy or cultism” has led to misunderstanding of his meaning. </div>
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As one of the LSM leaders expressed it, “We are not out to proclaim that the denominations are Babylon.” However, Lee’s own statement, quoted above, that “we do not care for all the denominations, because in the Bible it says that the great Babylon is fallen,” seems a direct contradiction, whether intentional or not. </div>
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The fourth major area of controversy between evangelicals and the Local Church centers on the number of lawsuits brought by the Local Church and LSM leadership against individuals and ministries that were critical of them, despite the clear New Testament teaching against suing a Christian brother (1 Corinthians 6:1-8). This led to allegations of a “history of litigiousness” on the part of the Local Church and charges that they forced some of their opposing ministries into bankruptcy by the litigation expenses they were forced to incur. This is a complicated situation that has gone on for more than a decade and the details—who sued whom, when, and how often—are still in dispute among the parties. For a complete history of the litigants and legal decisions, the reader is once again referred to the CRI article.</div>
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Summing up the crux of the conflict, it would appear that both parties bear a share of the responsibility. Lee and the Local Church leadership do not share the Western heritage that has shaped the thought processes and approaches of the Westerners among whom they settled. English was not their first language, particularly of the early leaders, and both the cultural differences and language barrier led to much misunderstanding. At the same time, the Local Church’s distinctively Chinese approach to Christianity was so unfamiliar to Westerners that it smacked of cultism, whether or not any actually existed. The Local Church leadership was unaware of the impact the use of certain “hot button” words would have on cult-wary evangelicals in America, while Western Christians were unaware of the tremendous impact that labeling a group a cult had on the Chinese. The Local Church resisted any changes in their terminology and for the most part refused to provide contextual explanations for some of their doctrines, an unfortunate approach that led to even deeper rifts between the two sides. At the same time, the counter-cultists failed to be as thorough as they could have been in their research. Thus, both sides developed an “us vs. them” mentality which negatively influenced both their thoughts and actions. </div>
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What is the conclusion of the matter, and what are Christians to believe about Witness Lee and the Local Church movement? Elliot Miller, editor-in-chief of the Christian Research Journal, declares at the end of the 50-page treatment “We were wrong” and concludes that the Local Church is not an “aberrant Christian group” but a “solid orthodox group of believers.” Since Got Questions Ministries has a cordial and respectful relationship with CRI, we have no doubt their conclusions are based on extensive and diligent research and are therefore valid. It is left to the individual Christian to decide whether the thousands of man-hours, not to mention the expense of defending the various parties in court, the decades of charges, defenses, counter-charges and acrimony have not been, at best, a waste of time and at worst, a blot on the face of Christianity. How much more profitable it would have been if the hundreds of people and thousands of hours had been dedicated to knowing, loving, and obeying Jesus Christ. No doubt the counter-cult organizations thought they were providing a much-needed service to the Christian community. No doubt the Local Church and Living Streams Ministry felt they were justified in their quest to clear their names and set the record straight. But as alluded to above, much of the controversy could have been avoided in the first place by more careful attention by both sides to the details of cross-cultural communication. The old saying “the devil is in the details” finds its verification in this sad situation. The fear is that the devil may have profited from this controversy more than the body of Christ, and for that, all parties are culpable.</div>
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brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-21287151861488623902015-09-30T12:03:00.003-07:002020-08-30T16:14:31.231-07:00書評系列〈2〉:The Humanity of God, Chapter 2 (Richmond: John Knox Press, 1970), by Karl Barth, John N. Thomas and T. Wieser (translators)<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 25pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><div><span style="text-align: left;">湃 恩</span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 16pt;">第一部分:縱觀作者寫作目的與特色、主旨及論證方法<span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">本書作者卡爾·巴特(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Karl Barth</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1886</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">-</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1968</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),被視為</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">20</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">世紀最具影響力的更正教神學家,領頭轉變了</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">19</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">世紀起更正教的神學方向。巴特長於改革宗信徒家庭,受業於當時自由神學大師如哈納克(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Harnack</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)和赫曼(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Wilhelm Hermann</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)門下。可是,到了一戰期間,他的神學有了徹底的轉向,並為當時神學界帶來極大的衝擊,自此開展出一個新的神學方向。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">巴特的神學思想可分為三個時期</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">:早期(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1919</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">至</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1930</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年)在《羅馬書註釋》強調「神人的鴻溝」,以及「神乃絕對的他者」而「讓神是神」;後來中期(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1930</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">至</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1950</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年)在《教會教義學》中強調客觀之「神的啟示」,漸漸注意從立約的角度了解神人的關係,並以基督為中心重構基督教教義;晚期的階段(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1950</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">至</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1968</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年),巴特更從基督論的角度重探神的本質,尤其祂與人關係。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">本書乃是巴特於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1956</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年,在瑞士亞奴(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Aarus</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)與一群瑞士改革宗牧師的聚會,向他們的鼓勵和勸勉的談話。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">巴特在這時期強調那</span><span style="background: white; font-family: , serif;">與人對話、相遇並同在的神</span><span style="background: white; font-family: , serif;">。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">本文的評述範圍是本書的第二篇文章—</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">〈</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">神的人性</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">〉</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">The Humanity of God</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。本文的特色是在回顧</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">19</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">世紀以來的神學發展史為背景下,重新以</span><b><span style="font-family: , serif;">『基督論』</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">的視角來看</span><b><span style="font-family: , serif;">神的本質</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">,及其</span><b><span style="font-family: , serif;">引伸的神學意義</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: , serif;">巴特在本文的主題是<b>從神的神性之認識,認識「祂的人性」</b>。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span>他在開首開宗明義說「神的人性」,意即神與人的關係,並那位轉向人、以應許與誡命向人說話,要作人的神。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span>他接著指出要正確理解「神的神性」,在於理解道成肉身之「神的人性」。在耶穌基督裡面,「神的神性」完整地包含了「神的人性」。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span>那「活神的神性」通過具有完全人性的耶穌給我們認識。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 16pt;">第二部分:分析作者處理問題的思路及論證過程的邏輯</span></b><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">除引言外,全文分作三個部分:第一部分巴特提出他的首要基本問題:我們認識到神的甚麼(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">What do we know about God</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)?第二部分巴特提出第二個基本問題:我們如何認識到神的神性(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">How do we come to know God’s <i>deity</i></span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)?最後部分,巴特的問題是:這對神的(人性)認識向我們有甚麼含意(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">What does this knowledge – of
God’s <i>humanity</i> - then imply for us</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)?在每個段落中巴特都作出了回答。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">引言<span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">巴特在引言中憶述近代思考福音神學的轉變歷史。他於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1920</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代曾與他老師哈納克展開精彩而激烈的公開辯論。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">那時候,巴特起來批判使用歷史批判法所建立的自由神學,他反對將信仰變作人的文化,強調神與人在本質上有絕對的差異,祂是完全的他者,而罪就是混亂神與人之差別。並且,他強調神學的出發點並非是人的宗教經驗、理性、哲學或自然等「從下而上」進路,而是,並唯獨是神的客觀啟示和信仰的「從下而上」進路。但在檢視過去後,巴特發現那時候他似乎<b>過於側重神的超越性一面</b>。<b>現在看來,有欠完整,需要作出補充:在神的超越裡有完全的人性</b>,祂親自取了人性,聯繫了神人間的鴻溝,完全的向著人並為著人。這完全出乎祂的恩典。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">第一節:我們認識到神的甚麼?<span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">在第一節,巴特回溯基督教神學的發展歷史,指出自士來馬赫以降至當時的百餘年來,神學走了一個錯誤的方向,成了人追尋神的神學。這種由人為中心和出發點的神學形式和趨向,是<b>宗教的</b>(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">religionistic</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)、<b>人為中心的</b>(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">anthropocentric</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)和<b>人文的</b>(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">humanistic</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),使人的敬虔成了福音神學研究的主題和對象,</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">這結果導致對神的思考和認識,變成不過以神聖的「外衣」來思考<b>人</b>和<b>宗教</b>。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">巴特指出聖經的主題,其實是神的神性(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">God’s deity</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),包括祂的獨立存有與獨特屬性、祂與自然世界和屬靈世界的關係、祂的大能和主動,以及最重要的—祂與人的關係。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">我們不應從人的敬虔和宗教角度來思考神,而應從「神的人性」—祂與受造之人的關係,來思考神。因為神並非在真空的範圍中向人證明和啟示,而是在人的歷史裡,祂與人同在和對話中向人啟示祂自已。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">神運用祂自由選擇以此方式向人揭示,證明<b>祂的神性</b>,以及祂是一位<b>活神</b>。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">故此,我們可以說,神的神性是<b>包含著祂的人性</b>。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">這完全逆轉了前一世紀的神學向度。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">第二節:我們如何認識到神的神性?<span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">在第二節,巴特接著說我們如何能認識神的神性。答案是我們只能從<b>耶穌基督</b>身上認識。祂是真神,也是真人,祂有完全的神性和完全的人性;在祂裡面,神與人彼此相遇,立約的實際也在祂裡面得以維繫和實現。祂作為主降下來與人契合;祂作為奴僕上升來與神契合。祂是神與人之間的<b>中保</b>、<b>復和者</b>和<b>啟示者</b>。神人二性在祂位格內完全地合一(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">hypostatic union</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">全本聖經的中心乃是見證這一位人物。我們不能抽離祂來思考神或人,因為神是以作為<b>完全的人</b>之方式叫人與神復和、向人立約並啟示祂自已。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">巴特認為這是當代福音神學要思考和傳講神的新方向。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">巴特進一步指出,在耶穌基督裡面,神最高的自由乃是祂自由選擇去愛。巴特將神的屬性分為愛與自由兩大類,這些屬性在耶穌基督裡面最完滿地展現。這位<b>「自由而愛」</b>的神,祂在耶穌基督裡自由選擇去愛人類,甚至與人完全合一。故此,神的神性是無法排除,反之,乃是包含祂的人性</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">—神與人以完美的關係共存在基督裡。當基督一次而永遠取了人性後,神<b>甚至不能沒有人而存在</b>。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">巴特接著解釋,雖然神永遠的愛在祂的位格內在是足夠存在的,但神憑著祂的自由選擇要愛人,要與人同在,並完全為著人。這是出於祂的<b>恩典</b>,白白的給予人。這就是神的人性。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">第三節:對神的認識向我們有甚麼含意?<span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">在第三節,巴特提出五點關於這種對神(祂的人性)的認識,對我們(教會的牧者及神學工作者)有甚麼神學和教牧含意。因著認識神的人性,首先,會使人們認識<b>人本身的獨特性</b>,承認每一人都是基督的兄弟姊妹,以及神的兒女。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">第二,會給予神學文化一個特定主題,那就是<b>神與人的相遇(</b></span><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">God-man-encountering</span></b><b><span style="font-family: , serif;">)歷史</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">。神學只能由此這觀點了解耶穌基督,並從祂的位格來了解神學。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">第三,會給予基督徒神學思考和講說一個特定態度和聯繫。神學不能「閉門造車」,也不能「離地」,它必須是<b>與人群保持對話</b>,它是一門動態的藝術,時刻維持與神(禱告)和與人(講道)的對話。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">第四,會使教牧和神學工作者的<b>宣講話語的心情和聲調總是正面積極的</b>,因為神與人立約的宣講充分顯示出祂的恩典和對人的肯定。這些話語的確是「好消息(福音)」,並且這乃是教會宣教的必要「框架」。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">最後,會使人們更<b>肯定、認同教會</b>—基督的身體、新以色列。我們每個人都是在教會這群體中蒙神在耶穌基督裡所揀選、呼召、拯救和構成的,並由聖靈所建立和聯結,被差派在世界中作祂團體的見證。故我們必須參與教會的生活和事奉,在其中尋找自已的合適位置。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 16pt;">第三部分:從各方面對本書評論<span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">對牧養處境的含意<span lang="">/</span>應用<span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">縱觀全文,筆者認為對牧養處境的含意</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">/</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">應用有三:</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">(一)巴特的神學架構完全以基督為中心,對神論(神的人性)的探究也不例外。他指出在基督裡乃是</span><b><span style="font-family: , serif;">神與人相遇的範圍</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">。筆者觀察近十數年香港華人教會在『屬靈消費主義』影響下,信徒與三一神的生命關係,漸失於他們生命中的首位。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" title=""><sup><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[27]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">甚至連教會也往往注重信徒人數的增加,過於幫助信徒建立與三一神親密、愛的團契關係,以致『信主的人多,但委身的人少』的情況滿目皆是,信徒生命的中心普遍地並沒有因福音從自已轉移到以基督為中心。筆者認為巴特提出以基督為中心來認識神的人性,有助信徒恢復以基督為生命的中心,深化信徒的信仰經驗,提升信徒靈性品質與教會的見證</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">—</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">以委身順服作為</span><b><span style="font-family: , serif;">對神的愛和恩典的回應</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">;</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">(二)巴特從「神的人性」提醒我們,教會作為信徒群體,其蒙召乃是要服事這個世界。作為教牧與神學工作者,需要時刻</span><b><span style="font-family: , serif;">保持與神和與人群的對話</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">,他們不能逃避世界,因為沒有「私人基督教」這回事。教會必須進入世界來回應福音,正如神在基督裡也進入了世界,儘管教會回應的方式與世人有所不同。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">這觀點可謂與潘霍華的「作門徒的代價」互相呼應。面對近年香港政治環境急速惡化,教會不能再不過問社會與政治之事,更不能為求自保、利益或權力而沉默或贊同政權的不義行徑,失卻教會向世界的宣講。筆者祈求香港教會不重蹈二戰時德國教會,以及</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">50</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代中國教會的失敗覆轍。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">(三)巴特強調神在耶穌基督裏正是</span><b><span style="font-family: , serif;">充滿了人性的愛</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><b><span style="font-family: , serif;">肯定了神對人的尊重</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">,由此顯示出</span><b><span style="font-family: , serif;">神對人無限和白白的恩典</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">。每一個做神學的人在思考和傳講時都應該受這觀點的支配,這是作為神學人的責任,正如他自已於本文所說:「我們神學的責任,乃是要看到並了解神的恩慈比我們先前所認識的更大。」</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">在香港這貧富差距日益嚴重的社會中,教會也日漸趨向「中產化」,我們對社會上的窮人,心底裡是否向富人</span><b><span style="font-family: , serif;">抱有同樣的愛和尊重</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">?教會有否體認社會低下階層人士也是基督的兄姊與神的兒女?心裡有否如雅各書所描述的情景:</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">重看那穿華麗衣服的人,說,請你坐在這好位上;又對那窮人說,你站在那裡,或坐在我腳凳下邊。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">(二</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">3</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)?教會有否忘記福音給我們看見之神的人性,以及自已的蒙召使命?有否以行動、踐行反映我們對「神的人性」的真實認識?</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">作信仰反思或神學與聖經批判</span></b><span lang="" style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">筆者對本文也有三點反思和批判:</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">(一)</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">巴特以迦克墩式基督論作視角探究神的人性。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">無疑,這是回歸到教會傳統及改革家的正統教導,將基督帶回到基督教思想的中心。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">但他以基督為他整個神學的建構原則,結果似乎使每個教義都成了基督論,也使其他教義的份量不免被壓縮了。例如,在探討神的人性時,聖靈的角色和工作是如何?祂與基督和神的關係如何?似乎巴特</span><b><span style="font-family: , serif;">有所忽略和偏頗</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">,探討未及全面。故有學者指巴特神學為</span><b><span style="font-family: , serif;">唯基督論</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">(二)巴特對人的關懷完全透過耶穌基督的角度來表達。透過聖經與聖靈的光照,對人性黑暗面的洞悉,他拋棄了自由神學與共產主義中對人性善良面過度樂觀的誤認。如張立明所言<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[32]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>,這反映出巴特超越時代的遠見。教會一面不應與世界隔絕,而要參與世事;然而,另一面教會參與政治社會時亦要反思,他們是否抱著某種主義或價值觀去參與,以期待某種理想之社會出現?如巴特所言,<b>教會的主要責任乃是向世界宣講神審判和恩典的道</b>。教會乃是一群首先聆聽神審判和恩典之道的群體。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span>故此,我們不該忘記不論什麼主義或理想,革命或當權者,神的話仍將無情地臨到一切自以為義的人。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">(三)</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">巴特帶著他的揀選論所論到之「神的人性」,首先,難免讓人引起他持有</span><b><span style="font-family: , serif;">普救論(</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">universalism</span></b><b><span style="font-family: , serif;">)</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">的爭議。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">雖然他不承認,但也不否認。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。無疑神的恩典是浩瀚深邃,人無權為祂的恩慈設限,但這觀點所帶的連銷系統神學效應(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">systematic consequence</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)可不少,幾乎遍及各教義</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">,尤其對復和觀的理解,以及有輕看聖經中不信和悔改相信之呼召的危險。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">作為神學家,巴特無法含糊其辭,而應作更仔細解釋,神的恩慈若是沒有限制,其引伸之結論將會如何。不然,儘管神學方法不同,但巴特會<b>難免諷刺地得出與士來馬赫相同的救恩觀結論—普救論</b>。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">還有,也有人指控巴特所描述之「神的人性」近乎<b>進程神學(</b></span><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Process theology</span></b><b><span style="font-family: , serif;">)</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">的描述,即神的本體似乎沒有人的話,不能獨立存在或有所缺乏。神的本體似乎是會有所改變,祂的位格會受祂與人建立的關係所影響。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">的確,將神的人性描述為包含在神的位格內,有陷入進程神學,</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">但筆者認為這指控並不成立,因為進程神學主要是指出神的存有是受祂與世界及</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">/</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">或人的關係而不斷「改變」中,但巴特並沒有這含意,他是認為神的存有裡,包含著「人性」,表現在祂渴望與人建立關係,甚至與人的聯合上,並沒有含示神的存有是動態的。故認為對巴特這指控並不成立。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">葛倫斯(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Stanley
J. Grenz</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)、奧爾森(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Roger E. Olson</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">):</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">《</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">二十世紀神學評論</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">》</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(20<sup>th</sup> Century Theology)</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,劉良淑、任孝琦譯(臺北:校園)</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">76-82</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">參林鴻信:〈基督宗教思想史(下)〉(臺北:國立臺大,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2013</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">611-620</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">參郭鴻標:〈巴特的生平與神學簡介〉。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Karl
Barth, <i>The Humanity of God</i>, p.37 footnote.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Ibid.,
p.38: “Our problem is this: to derive the knowledge of the humanity of God from
the knowledge of His deity.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
Ibid., p.37: “Rightly understood that (the humanity of God) is bound to mean
God’s relation to and turning toward man. It signifies the God who speaks with
man in promise and command.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
Ibid., p.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">46:
“It’s precisely God’s <i>deity</i> which, rightly understood, includes his <i>humanity</i>.”</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Ibid.,
p.46: “How do we come to know that?... It is a <i>Christological</i> statement,
or rather one grounded in and to be unfolded from Christology.”<br />
p.47: “…who and what God is <i>in Jesus
Christ</i>…”<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">參歐力仁:〈神學的本質:啟示(神本)的或科學(人本)的?-重訪巴特和哈納克公開辯論〉,《神學與教會》,第廿七卷第二期,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2002</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">月。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Karl
Barth, <i>The Humanity of God</i>, p.39: “Evangelical theology almost all along
the line, certainly in all its representative forms and tendencies, had become <i>religionistic</i>,
<i>anthropocentric</i>, and in this sense <i>humanistic</i>. …Christian piety –
had become its "object of study and its theme<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Ibid.,
p.39: “For this theology, to think about God meant to think in a scarcely
veiled fashion about man, more exactly about the religious, the Christian religious
man.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn12">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Ibid.,
p.41: “[T]he theme of the Bible is the deity of God, more exactly God's deity -
God's independence and particular character, to only in relation to the natural
but also to the spiritual cosmos; God's absolutely unique existence, might, and
initiative, above all, in His relation to man.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn13">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Ibid.,
p.45: “What God is and what He is in His deity He proves and reveals not in a
vacuum as divine being-for-Himself, but precisely and authentically in the fact
that He exists, speaks, and acts as the <i>partner </i>of man…”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn14">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Ibid.,
p.45: “He who does <i>that</i> is the living God. And the freedom in which He
does <i>that</i> is His deity.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn15">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Ibid.,
p.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">46: “It’s precisely God’s <i>deity</i>
which, rightly understood, includes his <i>humanity</i>.”</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn16">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Ibid.,
p.46-47.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn17">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Ibid.,
p.46: “… The central and entire witness of Holy Scripture. Certainly in <i>Jesus
Christ</i>, as He is attested in Holy Scripture, we are not dealing with man in
the abstract…. But neither we are dealing with God in the abstract….”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <span style="background: white;">"In
Jesus Christ there is no isolation of man from God or of God from man.”</span></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn18">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Ibid., p.47:
“Who and what God is – this is what in particular we have to learn better and
with more precision in the new change of direction in the thinking and speaking
of evangelical theology, which has become necessary in the light of the earlier
change.”</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn19">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Ibid.,
p.49: “It is when we look at Jesus Christ that we know decisively that God’s
deity does not exclude, but includes His <i>humanity</i>… How could God’s deity
exclude His humanity, since it is God’s freedom for love …”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn20">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Ibid.,
p.50: “In Him the fact is once for all established that God does not exist
without man.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn21">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Ibid.,
p.51: “His free affirmation of man, His free concern for him, His free
substitution for him - this is God's humanity.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn22">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Ibid.,
p.53: “<span style="background: white;">"On the basis of
the eternal will of God we have to think<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>of every
human being</em>, even the oddest, most villainous or miserable, as one
to whom Jesus Christ is Brother and God is Father; and we have to deal with him
on this assumption. … On the basis of the knowledge of the humanity of God no
other attitude to any kind of fellow man is possible. It is identical with
the practical acknowledgment of his human rights and his human dignity. To deny
it to him would be for us to renounce having Jesus Christ as Brother and God is
Father."<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn23">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Ibid.,
p.55: “Since God in His deity is human, this culture must occupy itself neither
with God in Himself nor with man in himself but with the man-encountering God
and the God-encountering man and with their dialogue and history, in which
their communion takes place and comes to its fulfillment. For this reason
theology can think and speak only as it looks at Jesus Christ and from the
vantage point of what He is.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn24">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Ibid.,
p.59: “He whose heart is really with God and therefore really with men may have
faith that the Word of God, to which he seeks to bear witness, will not return
unto Him void.”</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn25">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Ibid.,
p.59-60: “[T]he <i>sense</i> and <i>sound</i> of our word must be fundamentally
<i>positive</i>. Proclamation of the covenant of God and men, announcement of
the place which is once for all opened and assigned to man in this covenant,
…What takes place in God’s humanity is, since it includes that ‘No’ in itself,
the <i>affirmation</i> of man.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> p. 60: “The is what we have to testify to men
in the view of the humanism of <i>God</i>,… everything else must be said only
in the framework of this statement and promise.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn26">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Ibid.,
p.62: “…In the knowledge of the humanity of God one must take seriously,
affirm, and thankfully acknowledge <i>Christendom</i>, the <i>Church</i>. We
must, each in his place, take part in its life and join in its service.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn27">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">參</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">〈</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">慎防消費主義在教會蔓延</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">〉,</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">時代論壇第</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">924</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">期,</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2005-05-15</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span lang=""><a href="http://christiantimes.org.hk/Common/Reader/News/ShowNews.jsp?Nid=29020&Pid=2&Version=924&Cid=2&Charset=big5_hkscs"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">http://christiantimes.org.hk/Common/Reader/News/ShowNews.jsp?Nid=29020&Pid=2&Version=924&Cid=2&Charset=big5_hkscs</span></a></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br />
</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">朱易:</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">〈</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">當教會遇上「消費主義文化」</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">〉</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.efccc.org/ArticleDetail.aspx?DocID=3326"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">http://www.efccc.org/ArticleDetail.aspx?DocID=3326</span></a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span face="">。</span></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn28">
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Karl
Barth, <i>The Humanity of God</i>, p.58-59, p.64: “For this reason there is no
private Christianity.… It can be carried on only in the Church – it can be put
to work in all its elements only in the context of the questioning and
answering of the Christianity community and in the rigorous service of its
commission to all men.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn29">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Ibid.,
p.62: “Our theological duty is to see and understand it(the loving-kindness of
God) as being still greater than we had seen before.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn30">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">邵葉爾(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">M.
James Sawyer</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">):</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">《</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">神學求生指南》(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">The
Survivor’s Guide to Theology</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),楊長慧譯,郭秀娟校(臺北:校園,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2009</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">501</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn31">
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">葛倫斯、奧爾森:</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">《</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">二十世紀神學評論》,頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">89</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn32">
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[32]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">參張立明:〈紅色牧師的覺醒:談巴特早期的社會主義立場與轉變〉,</span><span lang=""><a href="http://indychinesechurch.org/barth"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">http://indychinesechurch.org/barth</span></a></span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn33">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Karl
Barth, <i>The Humanity of God</i>, p.58: “In the Kerygma man recognizes himself
as being under God’s judgement and grace, as the receiver of His promises and
His command, and thus enters with his own understanding, will, and heart into
the reality of that intercourse.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn34">
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">普救論最初由神學家俄利根(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Origenes
Adamantius, AD. 185~251</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)提出,其學說於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">543</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年的第二次君士坦丁堡會議被定為異端。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Karl
Barth, <i>The Humanity of God</i>, p.62: “… to which one with a certain
understanding of universalism could in fact deliver himself? This much is
certain, that we have no theological right to set any sort of limits to the
loving-kindness of God which has appeared in Jesus Christ.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">參張毅勤:〈普救論的聖經期礎和神學理據〉,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">http://faith100.org/</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督教普救論的聖經基礎和神學理據</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">/314</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">簡河培(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Harvie
M. Conn</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">):《認識現代神學》(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Contemporary
World Theology</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),趙中輝,宋華忠譯,曾祖漢編(臺北:改革宗出版社,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2012</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">34-37</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E5%A4%8F_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%AE%80%20Selected%20Topic%20in%20Systematic%20Theology/Assignment/THN309_12029_CHIU_SIU_KIT_book_review.docx#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">參</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">葛倫斯、奧爾森:</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">《</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">二十世紀神學評論》,頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">153-171</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-11481465915566098942015-09-30T12:00:00.004-07:002020-08-30T16:14:50.302-07:00書評系列〈1〉:God the Spirit, Wipf & Stock (August 23, 2013), by Michael Welker, John F. Hoffmeyer (Translator)<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><div><span style="text-align: left;">湃 恩</span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">第一部分:縱觀寫作目的、主旨及論證方法<span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">本書為當代聖靈論著作,序言就開宗明義表示,本書的目的是要批判過去傳統的形而上學,以及玄思臆測或抽象的聖靈論。作者並非採取傳統系統性或哲學性的進路,而是採取釋經同時從多個角度進行正反論證(</span><span lang="">discursive style</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)的反思方式,與聖經那多重多樣的見證展開對話的進路</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">。一面,在聖經中搜尋和闡述神的靈在人生命中的廣闊經驗,提出『聖靈多元主義(</span><span lang="">pluralism</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)』。另一面,懷疑及批判那界定當代世界的『靈(精神)』。他稱這本書為聖靈的『聖經、實在、後現代神學』(</span><span lang="">ix</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="">xii</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">作者第一章首先剖析今日世界對聖靈經驗的問題,指出現代人對神的距離(</span><span lang="">distance of God</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)疏離、遙遠的意識,失去當初五旬節基督徒對神親切臨在的經驗,與今日靈恩運動者的聖靈經驗相反(</span><span lang="">2</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="">5</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。西方世界普遍視聖靈為『鬼魂』、抽象、遙遠、超自然、密契的觀念是由傳統的聖靈論促成的(</span><span lang="">6</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),造成今日現代社會的分裂性多元(</span><span lang="">disociative “pluralism”</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)及傳統教會的制度性統一(</span><span lang="">monohierarchical “unity”</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。但聖經每逢提及神的靈都見證祂是進入人類生活中,是多樣又實在、促進生命又賜予活力的,並啟示神的靈的任務是要讓神的能力為人所知,並將受造物帶進與神豐富及臨在的生命關係中(</span><span lang="">25</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">第二部分:分析處理問題的思路及論證過程的邏輯</span><span face="" lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">作者從舊約開始進行釋經和反思,查考時既注意聖靈經驗的多元性(</span><span lang="">diversity</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),也注重聖經對聖靈工作敍事的一致性(</span><span lang="">unity</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">。第二章從早期士師的見證得出結論—神的靈是要讓在受苦和壓制中的神子民群體所經歷,以拯救、復興他們,賜他們新秩序和新方向。作者觀察到這種聖靈經驗在往後的記載是越來越清楚的。舊約早期經驗清楚地顯示神的靈是『公義和憐憫的靈』,以不同方式作工,解放渴望自由的群體,克服分隔人們的界限,並恢復群體的合一(</span><span lang="">52</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="">57</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">63</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="">85</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。這聖靈大能工作的標記—正是應許之彌賽亞工作的標記,而這標記可在今日的解放和女性主義神學中辨認到(</span><span lang="">16</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。</span><span face="" lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">第三章詳論彌賽亞生命中的聖靈,展示出聖靈的職事乃在世界擴展公義、道德及傳播神的知識。彌賽亞被任命在受苦和卑微中建立公義及和平(</span><span lang="">124</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="">125</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。本章總結於『神如何藉著聖靈臨在和同在?』這問題。作者的答案是藉著那應許之背負聖靈者(</span><span lang="">bearer</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)、從天上傾倒聖靈,和拆毁人與人彼此間不公之差異的行動(</span><span lang="">158</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="">159</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">第四章指出耶穌生命的特點就是聖靈具體的臨在。祂憑著聖靈的能力行動。祂的權柄後來傳給祂的門徒們(</span><span lang="">195</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="">196</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。聖靈是基督的靈,彌賽亞又是背負聖靈者,在行動中顯出聖靈的大能:帶來公義和和平、否認自己、醫治並釋放人、有分於苦難、建立神的國,並恢復團結一致和集體行動(</span><span lang="">220</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="">221</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。聖靈也稱為保惠師,強調聖靈在生命的多方面,使人經歷與基督契合和同在(</span><span lang="">222</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),並帶領人進入真理、產生愛的力場,加強人向人作見證,並安排萬有和世界環境,領人歸向神(</span><span lang="">227</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">作者在第五章指出五旬節是證明聖靈的行動是多元的好例子。當日發生的神蹟奇事是當事人及看見的人所能理解的(</span><span lang="">232</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。來自各地、不同語言、文化和背景的人們是聽得明白那些方言,都清楚看見這是『神的大作為』。『透過聖靈的傾出,神帶來對祂自己包括世界、多語言和多個體的見證。』(</span><span lang="">235</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">最後,第六章,作者批判現代西方世界對『靈』的觀念,是源自亞里士多德(</span><span lang="">Aristotle</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)的形而上學</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">和黑格爾(</span><span lang="">Hegel</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)的哲學(</span><span lang="">279</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。這種錯誤聖靈觀的特點是個人主義,結果造成消費主義和被消解,受造物、環境和人類受到主宰和征服(</span><span lang="">283</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="">284</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。然而,神的靈卻是無私、轉向他者的,祂使釘十字架的基督臨在,創造聖徒間的團結和相通(</span><span lang="">280</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="">283</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。真實的教會是由這位聖靈建立的。故聖靈今天並非僅在有形的教會裏工作,也在很多宗教和世俗環境裏工作(</span><span lang="">308</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。他使用『聖靈的公共位格』這辭來描述聖靈那非為個人,而是為整體教會和信徒所共享的位格和行動的中心,稱這位聖靈是基督的『共鳴領域』。在這位聖靈裡面,信徒共同地與那釘十字架、復活、自我引退的基督同在、同行、與祂聯合為一,成為基督在地上的團體見證人(</span><span lang="">312</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="">314</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。作者最主要處理的問題是:聖靈既是無處不在,並且今天仍在世界工作,我們在生命哪裏可以辨別出聖靈?他論證的結果是—要辨認出聖靈在世界中工作、大能和行動,耶穌基督是那最終的規範(</span><span lang="">final norm</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">(</span><span lang="">338</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="">339</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">第三部分:從各方面對本書評論<span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">首先,筆者讚賞作者以聖經對聖靈討論所浮現出來的模式(</span><span lang="">paradigm</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),再配合經驗主義(</span><span lang="">empirical</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)的進路,來建構聖靈論的努力。西方教會體現以基督論為中心的神學,而忽略聖靈</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">。近代神學家杜倫斯(</span><span lang="">T. F. Torrence</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)指出:『聖靈教義是教會所有的教義中最弱的一環,因為它從未獲得所需紀律性的關注。』</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">奧古斯丁後,西方神學使人越來越遠離聖靈。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">經過現代主義及哲學洗禮後,聖靈觀更淪成一種『精神』或『宗教氣氛』</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">。這偏差最重要原因不外就是偏離聖經的啟示</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">然而,作者雖然嘗試進行系統性的釋經,但在好些關乎聖靈的經文,似乎沒有涵蓋、討論或題問,而顯出有傾向性的主觀看法。例如,聖靈與生命之氣的關係是甚麼?</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">在</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">舊約和新約,聖靈首次與神子民發生關係時都被啟示為『生命之氣』(創二</span><span lang="">7</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,約二十</span><span lang="">22</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">。又如,參孫和撒母耳皆為士師和拿細耳人,為何聖經說到參孫和其他士師時,常說到『神的靈劇烈的臨到他們』(士十四</span><span lang="">6</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">19</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">;)但聖經說到撒母耳時沒有這樣的話?但照著舊約,撒母耳是最合乎神心的士師,是與摩西並列的(耶十五</span><span lang="">1</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。這顯示作者處理聖經事例,將之轉化為模式時,過程不夠嚴謹,減弱引伸之結論的說服力,未能達到其『一致性』的目標。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">其次,筆者讚賞作者不以系統性進路探討聖靈,避開了傳統名詞上的爭論,也肯定了聖靈的位格和工作與基督密不可分,但筆者認為聖經的聖靈觀不能與三一神觀脫節,而該照著三一神的原則來定義,因為這是新約作者所得的啟示。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">聖經有許多經文指明父子靈在本質上是一(參林前十五</span><span lang="">45</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,林後三</span><span lang="">17</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,約十四</span><span lang="">16</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="">20</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">等),而聖靈在工作上也是與父與子同工,為著完成祂救贖的計劃(</span><span lang="">Economy, </span><i><span lang="EL">οικονομια</span></i><span lang="EL"> </span><span lang="">of Salvation</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。大多教父們及改革家都將聖靈論與三一論和救恩論結合討論</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">。聖靈最主要工作是使人成聖,救恩就是成聖的過程(彼前一</span><span lang="">3</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),有分於神的性情(彼後一</span><span lang="">4</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。東方教會稱這為</span><span face="">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">神化(</span><i><span lang="EL">τηεοσις</span></i><span lang="EL">, </span><span lang="">Deification</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)</span><span face="">』</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">。縱觀全書,作者對聖經,尤其是新約書信所啟示,聖靈的本質及將救恩應用在信徒裏面之工作的經節探討不多,未有回應聖經和教會傳統對聖靈的討論。此外,他也沒多解釋他所指,神的靈如何與神和基督同工,</span><span face="">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">將神清楚的知識帶給人</span><span face="">』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">的工作</span><span face="">(</span><span lang="">41</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">175</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">218</span><span face="">)<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">還有,毫無疑問,在過去一世紀中基督教會增長最迅速、影響力最廣泛的莫過於靈恩派教會。筆者肯定作者對傳統福音派教會不能全然否定多元靈恩經驗的觀點<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>,也借用後現代思潮的觀念來肯定他的觀點。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">後現代主義的主要特徵為多元,並</span><span style="background: white; font-family: , serif;">對高舉科學與理性之現代主義進行反省與批判。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">這思潮自上個世紀下半葉已滲透到西方各個領域,甚至當代基督教神學。但與其他思潮一樣,後現代既對基督教會是一種新的轉機,亦是一種衝擊,有其隱藏危害</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">。筆者認為,我們應同時對後現代思潮源起、過程、影響作客觀及批判性的分析</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span face="">面對著靈恩運動與後現代主義所帶來的正負兩面衝擊,今日華人傳統「主流」福音派教會</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">急切需要</span><span face="">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">辨別</span><span face="">』</span><span face="">(</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">林前十二</span><span lang="">10</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,約壹四</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="">)</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">聖靈在各地教會的工作,反思信徒的靈恩經驗,及重構一個結合多元靈恩意義的神學(聖靈論),以應付今時代的需要。<span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">卡維里(</span><span lang="">Veli-matti kärkkäinen</span><span face="">)著,陳永財譯,<i>《聖靈論全球導覽(</i></span><i><span lang="">Pneumatology: The Holy Spirit in Ecumenical, International, and
Contextual Perspective</span></i><i><span face="">)》</span></i><span face="">,基道出版社,</span><span lang="">2009</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span face="">頁</span><span lang="">169</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">同註<span lang="">1</span></span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span face="">頁</span><span lang="">162-170</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Amos Yong, <i>The
Spirit Poured Out on All Flesh: Pentecostalism and the Possibility of Global
Theology</i>, Baker Academic; Edition Unstated edition (July 1, 2005), p.172.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Aristotle, <i>Metaphyics XII 7.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Lee E. Snook, <i>What Theologians Are Saying about the Holy Spirit,
Word & World Vol, No.2</i>, <i>Spring 2003, </i>p189. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">劉清虔,《聖靈論觀照下的傳統教會與靈恩教會》<i>,</i>中台神學論集,第</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="">期,</span><span lang="">2011</span><span face="">,頁<span lang="">194</span>。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Thomas Forsyth Torrance, </span><i><span lang="EL">Τ</span><span lang="">he School of Faith: The Catechisms of the Reformed
Church </span></i><span lang="">(London: James Clarke, 1959), xcv.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> G. Smeaton, <i>The
Doctrine of the Holy Spirit</i>, Banner of Truth, 1882, p.305.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> S. J. Grenz and R. E.
Olson, <i>20<sup>th</sup> Century Theology—God and the World in a Transitional
Age,</i> Downers Grove: IVP, 1992, p.33-38.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn10">
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">翟兆平,《再思教會對聖靈本質應有的認識》,</span><span lang="">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/a&c/issues/4-1/4105.html</span><span face="">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span lang="">Stuart
Print, <i>Teleology as the Key to Pneumatological Anthropology, The Spirit of
Truth</i>, p150-167.</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn12">
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">參</span><span lang="">Amos
Yong, <i>Spirit-Word-Community – Theological Hermeneutics in Trinitarian
Perspective</i>, Ashgate, 2002.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn13">
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">江丕盛,《我信聖靈—聖靈教義的創建》,中國神學研究院期刊,</span><span lang="">33</span><span face="">期<span lang="">(</span></span><span lang="">2002.7</span><span face="" lang="">)</span><span face="">,</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">頁</span><span lang=""> 55</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="">58</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn14">
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> P. Onica and J. Pester, <i>General Neglect and Faint Glimmer of the
Life-giving Spirit" in Affirmation and Critique, Vol. I, No. 4</i>,
Anaheim: LSM, 1996, pp.23-27<br />
</span><span face="">「華人神學家倪柝聲曾在其著作中,不止一次點出約翰十四章十六至二十節這段話中『代名詞』的奧祕。」,同註<span lang="">9</span>。<span lang=""><br />
</span></span><span lang="">Myk Habets, <i>Theosis, Yes; Deification,
No, The Spirit of Truth</i>, p124-149.</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" lang="" style="color: #222222; font-size: 9pt;">Nancy Dallavalle, <i>Book review: God the Spirit by Welker,
Michael, <em>Theological Studies</em></i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>56.4 (1995).</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn16">
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">同註<span lang="">1</span></span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span face="">頁</span><span lang="">109</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><br />
Michael Welker, <i>The Work of the
Spirit</i> – <i>Pneumatology and Pentecostalism</i>, xvii.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Anthony C. Thiselton, <i>The
Holy Spirit: In Biblical Teaching, through the Centuries, and Today</i>, p449.<br />
</span><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">城郭,《後現代主義與基督教信仰》</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span face="">《信仰網刊》第</span><span lang="">16</span><span face="">期</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">2004</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">http://www.pcchong.net/post_modernism1.htm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/hw/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2_v7.docx#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">郭鴻標,《教會如何回應後現代?在後現代思潮衝擊底下</span><span face="">教會回應的建議》,時代論壇</span><span lang="">559</span><span face="">期,</span><span lang="">1998</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">http://christiantimes.org.hk/Common/Reader/News/ShowNews.jsp?Cid=351&Pid=21&Version=0&Charset=big5_hkscs&Nid=8444</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-12149322070799385042015-08-02T06:24:00.002-07:002015-08-02T09:08:46.583-07:00王艾明:《國家利益與宗教自由權利:地方教會的合法性論証》<h4>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #666666;">作者:Aiming Ambrose Wang (王艾明), D.Th., D. h.c.
金陵協和神學院教授,瑞士巴塞爾大學神學博士,瑞士納沙泰爾大學榮譽
博士。現任金陵協和神學院副院長,中國宗教學會理事,《金陵神學志》主
編、江蘇省基督教協會副會長、中國基督教協會神學教育委員會副主任。 </span><span style="color: #666666;"><br /></span></span></h4>
<h4>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #666666;">摘自:「中國本土化基督教神學發展國際學術研討會」演講文,《國家利益與宗教自由權利:地方教會的合法性論証》</span></span></h4>
<h4>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #666666;">轉載自 《領導者》期刊,2015年6月(總64期)</span><span style="color: #666666;">http://www.pacilution.com/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=5963</span></span></h4>
<br />
從 2002 年到 2012 年十年時間裡,從未間斷地研讀了倪柝聲和
李常受的全部著作文本,其中重要的著作還研讀了好幾遍,同時聯
繫起來聖亞塔那修(St. Athanasius)、聖奧古斯丁、聖托馬斯、路
德、加爾文、巴特和拉青格(Ratzinger)等形成的主導教義學傳統,
做系統地比較和反思。<br />
<br />
大約從 2008 年開始,我便得出一個明晰的結論,那就是倪柝
聲和李常受是中國基督教歷史上的屬靈偉人,是「中國土著教會」
(李常受語)基督徒聚會處(又名「聚會所」、「小群」、「地方
教會」或「召會」等)的創始人和承傳者。<br />
<br />
從神學教義學來看,倪柝聲所創建的「地方教會」在這個意義
上是中國基督教的原創,或「土著」。用加爾文總結路德改教原則
所用的三個唯靠來看,地方教會有恰恰符合新教教會傳統的最高衡
定標準,因此,從歷史神學的層面來看,地方教會在一出現很快就
在勢頭和規模上健康成長起來,其秘密就在於此。<br />
<br />
在海外,則是以李常受為代表人物。「地方教會」目前在世界
宣教學版圖上堪稱是唯一的具有國際影響力的中國「土著教會」。<br />
<br />
圍繞著倪柝聲、李常受及其所創建和發展的「地方教會」的許
多誤解和誹謗,求根溯源來看,我們基督教主導宗派在澄清和糾偏
方面,具有不可推卸的責任。<br />
<br />
就中國的政教關係而言,我們要澄清圍繞著倪柝聲、李常受和
召會(又稱,小群教會 Little Flock,或地方教會 Local Church)的
三種誤讀,從而要做出相應的切割。可以說,甚至在很大的範圍和
程度上,這三種誤解正在演繹成謊言和誹謗,並最終危及這一特殊
的基督徒群體的聲譽和基本權利。第一種誤讀:倪柝聲和李常受是
小群教會的神、主和崇拜核心,因此,是基督教世界中的異端;第
二種誤讀:小群教會內部最重要和最隱秘的部分就是呼喊派,因
此,是法律層面和社會學層面的邪教;第三種誤讀:召會所使用的
恢復版聖經不是基督教偉大傳統中的聖經正典,而是倪柝聲和李常
受語錄和被他們篡改過的聖經。<br />
<br />
無論是教會論神學,還是聖禮神學,召會都演化出一整套完全
有別於西方基督教傳統的理解方式。若中國政府主管宗教事務部門
真正能夠從維護憲法制定的公民信仰自由權利,那就應該儘早地為
倪柝聲恢復名譽,或者,至少應該允許全國兩會及其屬下的神學院
校將倪柝聲作為中國基督教史上的先賢予以研究,其數十卷之巨的
著述應該同意在中國教會公開發行和研究。<br />
<br />
我的遠像是,倪柝聲和李常受所創建和發展起來的中國基督教
召會傳統(或地方教會、聚會處、聚會所、小群等),作為基督信
仰的奇葩,將在中國福音版圖上,成為一種屬靈運動的推動力。 brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-55961896457739436942015-07-23T20:09:00.002-07:002016-06-22T00:18:19.869-07:00系統神學系列〈2〉:論奧古斯丁教會論的totus Christus與成神論的關係<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: 1.0gd; tab-stops: 37.6pt center 244.5pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">湃 恩</span></span></b><br />
<b style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><br /></span></span></b>
<b style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">引<span lang="EN-US"> </span>言</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: , serif;">奧古斯丁(</span><span lang="EN-US">St. Aurelius Augustine</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">354-430</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)—北非希波的主教和神學家,對基督教神學有極大貢獻,其神學也成為後來拉丁基督教教義的基礎。奧氏教會論以</span><b><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">『</span></b><b><span style="font-family: , serif;">團體基督</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">』</span></b><b><span style="font-family: , serif;">(</span><span lang="EN-US">total Christ, <i>totus
Christus</i></span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">)觀</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">—即</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">由基督(頭)與教會(身體)組成的一個團體位格的基督(</span><i><span lang="EN-US">una quaedam persona</span></i><span style="font-family: , serif;">)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">最為突出並為中心。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">這觀念大大影響他的神學和釋經原則,</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">也影響整個東西方教會,尤其對西方教會最深。初期教會對教會論的關注,較基督論和三一論等教義來得緩慢。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">在三世紀,教會內部因帝國逼迫冒出分裂之象,教會合一受到重大打擊後,居普良(</span><span lang="EN-US">Cyprian of Carthage</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)於是發表</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">《</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">論教會合一</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">》</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。教會始對教會論有較具體的討論。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>到四世紀,奧古斯丁因面對多納徒派(</span><span lang="EN-US">Donatists</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)極力主張的教會聖潔觀而進行反駁,教會論的發展才獲得一個綜合性的結論。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: , serif;">貫穿奧氏整個神學思想之一卻常被忽略的<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>為他的<b>成神觀(</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US">Deification</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;"><b>)<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>—</b>即</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">神成為人,為要使人成為神</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">』</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: 標楷體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">—這觀念為基督教神學,特別是東正教神學和西方羅馬天主教神學的特色,近年</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">亦越來越受西方學者們及奧氏研究者注意。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "新細明體" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">本文旨在探討奧氏</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">團體基督</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">與成神這二觀的關係,藉以深入認識奧氏神學思想。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">筆者先從他的著作,引證並扼要勾劃他的成神觀。然後展示奧氏如何運用了</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">團體基督</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">觀</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">處理教會合一的問題。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">最後,點出他這兩個觀點是彼此呼應並緊緊地結合的;</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">團體基督</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">的內容就是成神觀的展現。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">第一部分:綜覽奧古斯丁的成神觀<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: , serif;">奧古斯丁認為,神</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">照著祂的形像</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">(</span><span lang="EN-US">image</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><i><span lang="EN-US">Imago Dei</span></i><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">)</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">和樣式</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">(</span><span lang="EN-US">likeness</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">造人(創一</span><span lang="EN-US">26</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),這指明神造人的目的是要與受造的人聯合,使人能有分於神,而</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">像神</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">』(</span><span lang="EN-US">like God</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">)</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "新細明體" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">他指創造是神自己、憑著祂的道,並按照祂意願的喜悅,邀請祂的受造物分享祂的神聖屬性而進行<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>,為使祂的榮耀得著稱讚(弗三<span lang="EN-US">8</span>~<span lang="EN-US">11</span>)。他指神在祂的預定裏要得著的這團體,就是教會。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">奧氏認為</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">神的形像</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,不僅是神子基督的形像(</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">西一</span><span lang="EN-US">15</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),更是三一神的形像。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>『形像』含示『相似(</span><span lang="EN-US">similar</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><i><span lang="EN-US">similitudo</span></i><span style="font-family: , serif;">)』和『複製』</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "新細明體" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">故此,人有</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">神的形像</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,指明人是三一神及神子基督</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">這模型(</span><span lang="EN-US">model</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">的複製品。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>然而,人有神形像未使他達致完全像神。神給予人自由意志,亞當若願意一直轉向神(</span><span lang="EN-US">turning to God, <i>Conuersio
ad Deum</i></span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),即他的源頭,他就能與那創造者聯合和契合,而不斷地分享神聖生命,達致像神子基督,至終與神成為一</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>反之人若轉離神,他就墮落、失去神的形像及人的意義。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">不幸地,代表全人類之第一個人亞當不順服,接受了魔鬼的計謀,想要遠離神而</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">像神</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">(創三</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),而非憑著有分於神而</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">像神</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,人類就墮落了。對奧氏而言,所有罪的根源就是想要轉離神來像神、與神平等。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>為了恢復人這失去的形像,神自己親自成為人,神子基督道成肉身成為第二個人。在祂位格裏,神性與人性聯合。因祂的順服,使人得以在祂裡面得救,並復得在亞當裡所失去的形像。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">因此,奧古斯丁認為子的道成肉身是為著人的聖化。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>在他著作中使用過之</span><span lang="EN-US">18</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">次</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">聖化,</span><span lang="EN-US">deify</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span> <i><span lang="EN-US">deificare</span></i><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">這辭,都是與子的道成肉身有關。他跟隨愛任紐(<span lang="EN-US">Irenaeus</span>)和亞他那修(<span lang="EN-US">Athansius</span>)發展自保羅在弗一<span lang="EN-US">10</span>的觀點:</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">神的兒子道成肉身取了軟弱的人性,為要使人能有分於祂不朽壞的神性。</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;"> 於奧氏而言,救恩是人恢復神聖的形像<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>,聖化成為神的過程。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>這過程開始於信徒的水禮,而接續的更新變化是一生之久(林後三<span lang="EN-US">18</span>)。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">基督的死完成救贖,祂升天得榮後賜下聖靈。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>祂的工作是內住信徒裡面,重生他們成為基督在地上的身體,並將他們聯於天上的頭。聖靈與父子同質,也是連結父與子之間的愛。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>聖靈的內住也帶同父子一同內住信徒裡面,<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>使信徒心裏充滿神聖的愛、分別他們為聖,並將信徒與三一神及彼此聯結起來,成為基督活的、獨一的生機體(</span><span lang="EN-US">organism</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>他說:『沒有基督的靈,基督的身體就不能存在。』<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>。藉著聖靈的內住和不斷的聖化(弗五<span lang="EN-US">25</span>~<span lang="EN-US">32</span>),教會至終成為基督的一部,成為『敬虔的奧祕﹗合一的記號﹗相愛的聯索﹗』。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>這是奧古斯丁成神觀的綜覽。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: 華康中明體; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">第二部分:奧古斯丁教會論中『</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">totus Christus</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 華康中明體; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">』觀念</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: , serif;">約</span><span lang="EN-US">393</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年起,<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>奧古斯丁正式展開對多納徒派的反駁,他的教會觀在面對這挑戰下越趨成熟</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[32]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>多納徒派主張:叛教是不能赦免的罪,叛教者(</span><span lang="EN-US">traditor</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)不能回歸教會,故叛教的聖職人員所施行聖禮如按立禮和洗禮也無效。他們要維持教會的純潔性和無罪性,認為他們分出去的才是</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">真教會</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,這使得教會產生了嚴重的分裂。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: , serif;">奧氏充分地運用了</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">團體基督</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">的概念</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">來處理多納徒派的神學爭論。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">他強調的主要有以下四方面:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: , serif;">(一)</span><b><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 200%;">教會的合一</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">:在他看來,教會除了是一班蒙召聚集之神的子民外,更是基督奧祕的身體,肢體雖多,但身體只有一個。他跟隨保羅的思想(徒</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">九,羅十二</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,林前十二</span><span lang="EN-US">12</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="EN-US">27</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,弗四</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="EN-US">16</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>,指這地上的教會(身體)與天上的基督(頭)是一整體的聯合,不可分開,是與耶穌基督聯合之</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">道成肉身的延續</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">—</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">團體基督</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">其中,基督與教會共享一個身分和一個生命。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">教會既是團體基督,多納徒派分裂教會就是對道成肉身之基督嚴重得罪</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,其罪不少於『交經者』(</span><span lang="EN-US">traditor</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">而離開大公教會的人,就如肢體從身體上從切割了,雖仍有形狀,卻已沒有生命。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: , serif;">(二)</span><b><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 200%;">相愛的團契</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">:</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">教會也是聖靈所建立愛的團契,而聖靈將基督和教會聯繫起來,並使教會成為緊緊聯結相愛的群體。這愛乃是聖靈自己—神的愛,祂是連結父與子之間的愛。故只有在大公教會之內,才能真正地得著聖靈所傳輸於人心的愛。奧氏運用</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">團體基督的觀念,</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">呼籲教會肢體實行弟兄相愛</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">:教會既是道成肉身之基督的延續,看見教會就是看見那看不見之神</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">因此,人若操練愛弟兄就是操練愛神了</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>奧氏認為那些不關心教會合一者,即缺乏神的愛,他們沒有聖靈,故他們是在大公教會以外,非真教會。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: , serif;">(三)</span><b><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 200%;">教會的聖潔</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">:</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">奧氏贊同居普良的看法,教會是有形可見的。但另一面他也採用柏拉圖的理型論(</span><span lang="EN-US">Forms</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),闡述教會也有無形的一面。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[41]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>真實完全聖潔的教會是那無形的教會。這教會並不完全等同地上有形可見的教會,但必然是在其中。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn42" name="_ftnref42" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[42]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>聖潔無疑是教會的標記,是追求的目標,但不是教會今日的實況。教會今天仍有罪人與聖徒同在。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn43" name="_ftnref43" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[43]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>他借用保羅在腓三</span><span lang="EN-US">21</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">的</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">『</span><span style="font-family: 華康中明體;">改變形狀』(</span><span lang="EN-US">transformation</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><i><span lang="EN-US">transfigurabit</span></i><span style="font-family: , serif;">)</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">這辭來發展他的</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">團體基督』觀,說明今天在地上的可見教會還未達致完全的地步</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn44" name="_ftnref44" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[44]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>他說,這『團體基督』的頭已『改變形狀』復活並升天,但身體仍在『改變形狀』中。升天之基督正將信徒的人性聖化,使教會</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">『</span><span style="font-family: 華康中明體;">改變形狀</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">成為基督自己(基督的身體)(</span><span lang="EN-US">transform into Himself</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><i><span lang="EN-US">transfiguro in se</span></i><span style="font-family: , serif;">)</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,與祂完全聯合為一,完全像祂。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn45" name="_ftnref45" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[45]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>在終末時,地上的教會完全跟隨基督升天進入榮耀裏去。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn46" name="_ftnref46" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[46]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>多納徒派的『聖潔</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">教會,其實是理想中的真教會,只能實現於今世無形的教會以及終末之時。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn47" name="_ftnref47" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[47]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: , serif;">(四)</span><b><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 200%;">聖禮的意義</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">:對奧氏來說,『團體基督』仍未完全達至神的目標,仍在『改變形狀』之中,故基督設立聖禮,傳達祂的恩典給教會,使教會有分於祂的恩典而得以聖化,成為基督(</span><span lang="EN-US">becoming Christ</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)的</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn48" name="_ftnref48" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[48]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>他看聖禮是有形的標記,象徵屬靈的實際。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn49" name="_ftnref49" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[49]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>惟有藉著聖禮,教會才能憑聖靈與基督成為一體<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn50" name="_ftnref50" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[50]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>,實現約十七信徒的合一(</span><span lang="EN-US">14</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="EN-US">19</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">);<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn51" name="_ftnref51" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[51]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>並能有分基督的聖潔而成為聖潔,<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn52" name="_ftnref52" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[52]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>實現弗五之聖潔沒有瑕疵、許配給新郎基督的新婦(</span><span lang="EN-US">31</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="EN-US">32</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn53" name="_ftnref53" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[53]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: , serif;">按『團體基督』的解經原則,奧氏認為亞當與夏娃預表基督與教會(弗五</span><span lang="EN-US">23</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">29</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="EN-US">30</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,創二</span><span lang="EN-US">21</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="EN-US">25</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn54" name="_ftnref54" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[54]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-family: , serif;">他特別注重水禮和聖餐禮,因這二者都與</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">團體基督</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">特別</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">相關</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">信徒藉這兩個聖禮被帶進基督的身體裡,與基督聯合成為一體</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">就如夏娃與亞當成為一體。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn55" name="_ftnref55" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[55]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>,</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">在水禮中,聖靈洗去信徒的罪、將信徒與基督同埋葬,並聯於基督,重生他們成為『團體基督』奧祕身體的肢體。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn56" name="_ftnref56" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[56]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">這禮是信徒(人)有分於神聖恩典的起始。然後,信徒就有資格領聖餐,繼續與眾肢體一同有分神聖恩典。奧氏指信徒吃喝聖餐的餅和酒,表徵受造的人有分於那從天降下之基督的神聖、永遠、非受造的生命,使他們在生活中接受真理和愛的靈,因祂而活(約六</span><span lang="EN-US">57</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn57" name="_ftnref57" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[57]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,彰顯三一神的形像。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn58" name="_ftnref58" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[58]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">還有,聖餐的餅,是由許多子粒磨碾調和造成一個餅,正是表徵『團體基督』的合一。信徒越吃進這餅,就越成為所吃的,成為『團體基督』的一部分。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn59" name="_ftnref59" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[59]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">多納徒派認為叛教的聖職人員所施行的聖禮無效。然而,奧古斯丁指出聖禮既是基督的工作,不是人的工作,而施禮者本身也未達完全,他自己都是在神化的過程中。所以聖禮的效力乃因工生效(</span><i><span lang="EN-US">ex opera operato</span></i><span style="font-family: , serif;">),不在乎施行聖禮的品行。否則就沒有人能有資格施禮,整個聖禮制度便會瓦解。而在多納徒派教會所施的聖禮也有效。人若返回大公教會,他不必重新接受水禮。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn60" name="_ftnref60" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[60]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">第三部分:『團體基督』與成神觀之關係及總結<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: , serif;">從以上可看出,奧氏的成神觀緊密地結合在他的教會論中</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn61" name="_ftnref61" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[61]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>首先,他成神觀的對象並非個別或部分信徒,而是整個教會<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn62" name="_ftnref62" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[62]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>。信徒的聖化必須是在教會的團契內發生,並由參與教會的水禮為起點,繼續於聖餐禮領受恩典。其次,成神論內涵的撮要</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">—</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">神成為人,為要使人成為神』具體地展現在『團體基督』觀中</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn63" name="_ftnref63" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: 標楷體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[63]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">:</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">神的獨生子基督道成肉身,將神性與人性聯合。死而復活得榮後,成團體基督的頭,使蒙揀選、救贖之受造的人,藉與祂這神人基督聯合而有分於神性,成為神的眾子、道成肉身的延續,構成祂的身體。他們的人性不斷被聖化使這身體直到整個『團體基督』完全像頭、成為基督自己。如此,這『團體基督』就實現了在神原初創造心意和計劃中之『形像』的意義。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: , serif;">最後需補充,奧氏強調,雖然頭和身體是不能分開的,但他們的身分和尊榮仍是有永遠的區別—頭是創造者和拯救者,身體是受造者和被拯救者。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn64" name="_ftnref64" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[64]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>基督的神性是本質上(</span><span lang="EN-US">by nature</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),而教會(人)分享祂的神性,是與祂這神人中保的人性聯合,有分祂的恩典 <span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span lang="EN-US">by participation of grace</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: , serif;">)</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn65" name="_ftnref65" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[65]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-family: , serif;">基督不是因沒有我們而不完全(</span><span lang="EN-US">incomplete</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),而是祂不願沒有教會而完全。基督把祂自己與人聯合,完全是出於祂恩愛的揀選。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn66" name="_ftnref66" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "新細明體" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[66]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: , serif;">『團體基督』觀念<b>把教會與神的創造、基督的道成肉身和救贖工作、聖靈的工作、信徒救恩的目標、聖禮的意義,以及信徒和宇宙的終末等聖經主題緊扣起來</b>,也不約而同地<b>與東方教會的成神觀傳統相似</b>。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn67" name="_ftnref67" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[67]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>總結,筆者認為奧氏神學思想深邃、全面且平衡。他的『團體基督</span><b><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">』</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">教會觀深深支配著中世紀教會,至今仍保留在羅馬天主教神學裏。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn68" name="_ftnref68" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[68]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>可惜改革運動後更正教會漸遺忘這巨人教父的觀點。<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftn69" name="_ftnref69" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[69]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>慶幸近年它漸復受注意,重現光明。筆者認為華人教會值得共同深入發堀這大公教會的寶庫,益於基督整個身體的建造(弗四</span><span lang="EN-US">12</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="EN-US">13</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">此觀念遍佈奧氏著作,顯著一例為:</span><i><span lang="EN-US">Homily 1 on the First Epistle of John </span></i><span lang="EN-US">1.2:
“<b>the Word was made flesh, and dwelt in us. To that flesh the Church is
joined, and so there is made the <u>whole Christ</u></b><u>, <b>Head and body</b></u><b>.”
</b><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/170201.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/170201.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">J.N.D.
Kelly</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">,《早期基督教教義》,</span><span lang="EN-US">287-290</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Kimberly F. Baker. <i>Transfiguravit in se: The Sacramentality of
Augustine’s Doctrine of Totus Christus,</i> p559: “<b>The<i> </i>roots of the
doctrine (totus Christus) lie in Augustine’s exegetical strategy</b>, one
adapted from the <i>Rules </i>of the Donatists lay theologian Tyconius.”<i>.<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
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Adrian Warnock, <i>Tichonius the Donatist – Seven Rules of Biblical
Interpretation – Quoted by Augustine, Calvin, and Bede</i>, <a href="http://www.patheos.com/blogs/adrianwarnock/2006/11/tichonius-donatist-seven-rules-of/">http://www.patheos.com/blogs/adrianwarnock/2006/11/tichonius-donatist-seven-rules-of/</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">林榮洪,《基督教神學發展史—初期教會》,中國神學研究院,</span><span lang="EN-US">1995</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">,頁</span><span lang="EN-US">228</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">林榮洪,</span><span lang="EN-US">244</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Gerald Bonner, <i>Augustine’s conception of Deification</i>,
p369-370; <br />
</span><span lang="EN-US">David Vincent Meconi,
SJ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><i><span lang="EN-US">The
One Christ: St. Augustine’s Theology of Deification</span></i><span lang="EN-US">,
The Catholic University of America Press, 2013, xi.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">東方教會希臘文為</span><span lang="EN-US">θέωσις, <i>Theosis</i></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">;</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">中文有譯作<b>『</b>成神<b>』</b>、<b>『</b>神化<b>』</b>、<b>『</b>聖化<b>』</b>等。</span><span lang="EN-US">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Irenaeus, <i>Adv. Her. 5.Pref</i>: “...the Word of God, our Lord
Jesus Christ, who did, through His transcendent love, become what we are, that
He might bring us to be even what He is Himself. (Philip Schaff, <i>The
Ante-Nicene Fathers</i>, 1.526)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Athanasius, <i>De Incarnation 54.3</i>:
“For He was made man that we might be made God.” (Philip Schaff, <i>Nicene and
Post-Nicene Fathers</i>, 2<sup>nd</sup> series, 4.65).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">王生台,《西方神學的新導向:</span><span lang="EN-US">Theosis</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">「人成為神」—東正教神學所持守的救恩論,西方神學研究的新方向》,時代論壇</span><span lang="EN-US">1119</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">期,</span><span lang="EN-US">2010</span><span lang="EN-US"> <a href="http://christiantimes.org.hk/Common/Reader/News/ShowNews.jsp?Nid=57996&Pid=6&Version=0&Cid=150&Charset=big5_hkscs">http://christiantimes.org.hk/Common/Reader/News/ShowNews.jsp?Nid=57996&Pid=6&Version=0&Cid=150&Charset=big5_hkscs</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Meconi, 35</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">; </span><span lang="EN-US">Augustine, <i>On the Trinity, </i>14.8.11:<i> </i>“<b>For it is His
image in this very point, that it is capable of Him, and can be partaker of
Him; which so great good is only made possible by its being His image.</b>” <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/130114.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/130114.htm</a><i>.
</i><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Meconi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">28-29, 31</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">;</span><span lang="EN-US">Augustine, <i>Dei </i>11.21<i>: </i>Henry Bettenson translated,
London Penguin, 1984, <i>City of God</i>, p457: <i>“</i>because it was right
that<b> three leading truths regarding the creature</b> <b>be intimated to us</b>,
viz., <b>who made it</b>, <b>by what means</b>, and <b>why</b>, it is written,
‘<i>God said, Let there be light, and there was light. And God saw the light
that it was good’</i>. If, then, <b>we ask who made it, it was<i> ‘God</i>’.
If, by what means, He said ‘<i>Let it be’</i>, and it was. If we ask, why He
made it, ‘<i>it was good.</i>’</b><i>…</i>Neither is there any author more
excellent than God, nor any skill more efficacious than the word of God, nor
any cause better than <b>that good might be created by the good God</b>. <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/120111.htm"><i>http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/120111.htm</i></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Meconi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">30</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">33; Augustine, <i>Conf.</i>13.34.49:“what
You willed to be shadowed forth, whether by the creation, or the description of
things in such an order. And we have seen that ‘<i>things severally are good,
and <b>all things very good’,</b></i><b> (Genesis 1:31) in Your Word, in Your
Only-Begotten, both heaven and earth, the Head and the body of the Church, in
Your predestination before all times, without morning and evening</b>.” <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/110113.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/110113.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Meconi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">42-43</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">;</span><span lang="EN-US">Augustine,
<i>On Genesis</i>, Edmund Hill translated, New City Press, 1996, p150: “not of
the Father alone or of the Son alone or of the Holy Spirit alone, <b>but of the
Trinity itself.</b>”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Meconi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">38</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">; </span><span lang="EN-US">Augustine, <i>On Genesis</i>, 16.57.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Meconi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">77</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Carol Harrison, <i>Augustine and Religious Experience</i>, Louvain Studies
27 (2002): p99-118; 105; <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"> Meconi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">48</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">; <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
Augustine, <i>On Genesis</i>, 8.12; Hill, Genesis, p171-172: “<b>By so
turning back and being formed creation imitates</b>, every element in its own
way, God the Word, that is the Son of God who always adheres to the Father in
complete likeness and equality of being, <b>by which he and the Father are one</b>;
but <b>it does not imitate this form of the Word if it turns away from the creator
and remains formless and imperfect, incomplete…</b>”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Augustine, <i>Confessions, </i>4.16.31:<i> </i>“Our good lives
always with You, from which <b>when we are averted we are perverted. Let us
now, O Lord, return, that we be not overturned…</b>” See http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/110104.htm<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Meconi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">70</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Augustine, <i>Trin.</i>
10.5.7; Hill, Trinity, pp.292: “but <b>instead of staying still and enjoying
them as it ought to, it wants to be what he is by its own right. So it turns
away from him and slithers and slides down into less and less which is imagined
to be more and more…</b>”<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/130110.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/130110.htm</a>.
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn20">
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Bonner, 375; <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"> Meconi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">72</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">;</span><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Augustine, <i>en. Ps.</i>32,
exp. 3.16; Maria Boulding, <i>Expositions of the Psalms (III/15)</i>, New City
Press, 2000, p416: “…<b>by stooping to sin it defaced the image. He (God) who
had originally formed it came himself to reform it</b>, for all things were
created through the Word, and through the Word the image was stamped on us.”; <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn21">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Bonner, 373-374; <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
Augustine, <i>Expositions of the Psalms, 58.1.7</i>:”<b>The teacher of
humility and sharer of our infirmity, giving us participation of His divinity, </b>coming
down that He might both teach and be the Way, has deigned most highly to
commend His humility to us”;<i> Enchiridion on Faith, Hope, and Charity, x. 34</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn22">
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Bonner, 373-374; <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
Augustine, <i>Sermons, 27.vi.6</i>: “<b>Christ’s deformity forms you,
for if He had not willed to be deformed, you would not have recovered the form
which you lost.</b> He, therefore, hung upon the cross deformed; but His
deformity was our beauty. In this life, therefore, let us hold the deformed
Christ.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn23">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Bonner, 382; <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
Augustine, <i>On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins and on Infant
Baptism</i>, 2.8.10: “<b>Our full adoption as sons will take place in the
redemption of our body.</b> We now have the firstfruits of the Spirit, by which
we are indeed made sons of God; but in other respects <b>we are sons of God as
saved and made new by hop</b>e. In the event, however, <b>since we are not yet
finally saved, we are therefore not yet fully made new nor yet sons of God</b>,
but children of this world.” <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/15012.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/15012.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn24">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Bonner, 381; <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
Augustine, <i>On the Trinity, </i>14.17.25: “<b>Certainly this renewal does
not take place in the single moment of conversion itself, as that renewal in
baptism takes place in a single moment by the remission of all sins;</b> for
not one, be it ever so small, remains unremitted. …; so the first cure is to
remove the cause of infirmity, and this is wrought by the forgiving of all
sins; <b>but the second cure is to heal the infirmity itself, and this takes
place gradually by making progress in the renewal of that image: </b>which two
things are plainly shown in the Psalm, where we read, Who forgives all your
iniquities, which takes place in baptism; and then follows, and <b>heals all
your infirmities; and this takes place by daily additions, while this image is
being renewed.”</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn25">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Meconi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">136</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Augustine, <i>On the
Trinity, 4.20.29</i>, Hill, <i>Trinity</i>, 174: ’<i>For the Holy Spirit was
not yet given, because that Jesus was not yet glorified</i>;’ <b>how is this to
be understood, unless because the special giving or sending of the Holy Spirit
after the glorification of Christ was to be such as it had never been before?
For it was not previously none at all, but it had not been such as this.</b>
For if the Holy Spirit was not given before, wherewith were the prophets who
spoke filled? “<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/130104.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/130104.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn26">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Meconi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">136</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Augustine, <i>On the
Trinity, 1.9.19</i>, Hill, <i>Trinity</i>, 79: “<b>He(the Spirit) will not
therefore depart when the Father and the Son come, but will be in the same
abode with them eternally</b>; because neither will He come without them, nor
they without Him.” <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/130101.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/130101.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn27">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Meconi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">137</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Augustine, <i>Sermons
264.4</i>; Hill, <i>Sermons </i>(III/7), 229; <i>Tractates on the Gospel of
John</i> 94.4, Rettig, <i>Tractates, 4.183.<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn28">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Meconi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">143-144</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Augustine,<i> the Trinity,
6.5.7</i>, Hill, <i>Trinity</i>, 209: “Wherefore also the Holy Spirit consists
in the same unity of substance, and in the same equality. <b>For whether He is
the unity of both, or the holiness, or the love, or therefore the unity because
the love, and therefore the love because the holiness, it is manifest that He
is not one of the two, through whom the two are joined</b>, through whom the
Begotten is loved by the Begetter, and loves Him that begot Him, and through
whom, not by participation, but by their own essence, neither by the gift of
any superior, but by their own, ‘<i>they are keeping the unity of the Spirit in
the bond of peace</i>’<i> (Eph.4:3)</i>; which we are commanded <b>to imitate</b>
<b>by grace, both towards God and towards ourselves</b>…because <b>we ourselves
are one by His gift, and one spirit with Him”. </b><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/130106.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/130106.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn29">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Meconi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">173</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Augustine, <i>Tractates
on the Gospel of John</i> 26.13: “<b>The body of Christ cannot live but by the
Spirit of Christ.</b>” <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1701026.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1701026.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Augustine,
<i>Tractates on the Gospel of John</i> 26.13: </span><span lang="EN-US">”O mystery of piety! O sign of unity! O
bond of charity!”</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Geoffery
Grimshaw Willis, <i>Saint Augustine and Donatist Controversy</i>, p</span><span lang="EN-US">36.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[32]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Kimberly F. Baker, <i>Transfiguravit in se: The Sacramentality of
Augustine’s Doctrine of Totus Christus, </i>p567;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">
</span><span lang="EN-US">Willis, </span><span lang="EN-US">93-126.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
David C. Alexander, <i>Augustine’s Early Theology of the
Church-Emergence and Implications, 386-391</i>, p334-336.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">林榮洪,</span><span lang="EN-US">242-243</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Van Bavel, <i>The ‘Christus Totus’ Idea</i>,
84-88.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Meconi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">176-177</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Augustine, <i>Tractates
on the Gospel of John</i> 21.8: “<span class="apple-converted-space">Let us
rejoice, then, and give thanks that <b>we are made not only Christians, but
Christ</b>. Do ye understand, brethren, and apprehend the grace of God upon us?
Marvel, be glad, <b>we are made Christ</b>. For if <b>He is the head, we are
the members: the whole man is He and we</b>. This is what the Apostle Paul
saith: “That we be no longer babes, tossed to and fro, and carried about with
every wind of doctrine.” But above he had said, “<i>Until we all come together
into the unity of faith, and to the knowledge of the Son of God,<b> to the
perfect man</b>, to the measure of the age of <b>the fullness of Christ.</b></i>”(Eph4:14)
<b>The fullness of Christ, then, is head and members</b>. Head and members,
what is that? <b>Christ and the Church</b>. We should indeed be arrogating this
to ourselves proudly, if He did not Himself deign to promise it, who saith by
the same apostle, “<i>But<b> ye are the body of Christ, and members.</b></i>”(1
Cor 12:27)”. </span><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1701021.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1701021.htm</a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
Augustine, <i>Sermons, 58.1.2</i>:“…let there speak to us Christ, Head
and Body. So always, or nearly always, let us hear the words of Christ from the
Psalm, as that we look not only upon that Head, the one mediator between God
and man, the Man Christ Jesus. (1 Timothy 2:5) ...But <b>let us think of
Christ, Head and whole Body, a sort of entire Man.</b> For to us is said, But
you are the Body of Christ and members, (1 Corinthians 12:27) by the Apostle
Paul.<b> If therefore He is Head, we Body; whole Christ is Head and Body.</b>” <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1801059.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1801059.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Baker, 559-560; <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
Augustine, <i>Expositions of Psalms </i>30.3, Boulding, (New York,
2000), 323: “<b>This is the wonderful exchange, the divine business deal, the
transaction effected in this world by the heavenly dealer</b>….Without him, we
are nothing, but <b>in him we too are Christ. Why? Because the whole Christ
consists of Head and Body</b>. The Head is he who is savior of his Body, he who
has already ascended into heaven; but the Body is the Church, toiling on earth.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Augustine, <i>Homily 6 on the First Epistle of John, </i>“<b>He(Christ)
came to gather in one, you come to unmake. You would pull Christ's members
asunder. How can it be said that you deny not that Christ has come in the
flesh, who rendest assunder the Church of God which He has gathered together?
Therefore you go against Christ; you are an antichrist.” </b><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/170206.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/170206.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Augustine, <i>Sermons</i> 268.2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref39" name="_ftn39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Augustine, <i>Homily 5 on the First Epistle of John </i>5.7: ““<b>But
wherein must we exercise ourselves? In brotherly love. You may say to me, I
have not seen God; can you say to me, I have not seen man? Love your brother.
For if you love your brother whom you see, at the same you will also see God</b>.”
<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/170205.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/170205.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref40" name="_ftn40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Willis, 114; <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
Augustine, <i>To Cresconius, a Donatist Grammarian,</i>1.29.34; <i>Epistles
</i>61.2; <i>On the Trinity</i> 15.33; <i>Exposition of the Psalms </i>32.21<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">李日堂,《系統神學—教會論》,播道會文字部,</span><span lang="EN-US">2012</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">,頁</span><span lang="EN-US">43-46</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref41" name="_ftn41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[41]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">李日堂,</span><span lang="EN-US">44</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref42" name="_ftn42" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[42]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">林榮洪,</span><span lang="EN-US">245</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref43" name="_ftn43" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[43]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Augustine, <i>Sermons</i> 88.22; <i>On Baptist against the Donatist</i>
6.1; <i>The City of God</i> 10.6.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref44" name="_ftn44" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[44]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Baker</span><span lang="EN-US">, 561:</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">此辭在奧氏著作論到基督與教會之團體基督的關係時,共使用</span><span lang="EN-US">37</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">次之多</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref45" name="_ftn45" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[45]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Baker, 560-561.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn46">
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref46" name="_ftn46" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[46]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Baker, </span><span lang="EN-US">559;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">
Bonner, 375</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Augustine, <i>Sermons </i>22. X.
10: “<b>But the hitherto the whole Body has not received it, for the head is in
heaven, but the members still upon earth. </b>Nor shall the head alone receive
the inheritance and the body be left. <b>The whole Christ will receive the
inheritance – the whole according to the manhood, that is, head and body.</b>”</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn47">
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref47" name="_ftn47" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[47]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">林榮洪,</span><span lang="EN-US">245</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref48" name="_ftn48" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[48]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Baker, </span><span lang="EN-US">567</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">。</span><span lang="EN-US">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref49" name="_ftn49" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[49]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> J.N.D. Kelly, 293-297</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">;<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">李日堂,</span><span lang="EN-US">115</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref50" name="_ftn50" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[50]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">林榮洪,</span><span lang="EN-US">246</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref51" name="_ftn51" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[51]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Meconi,
204</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Augustine, <i>Tractates
on the Gospel of John</i> 108.5: “on the ground that the Mediator between God
and men, the man Christ Jesus, has become Head of the Church, they are His
members;<b> therefore He says in the words that follow, ‘<i>And for their sakes
I sanctify myself.</i>’ …For those of whom He so speaks are, as I have said,
His members; and the head and body are one Christ</b><span class="apple-converted-space">…Then accordingly He sanctified Himself in Himself,
that is, Himself the man in Himself the Word; for t<b>he Word and the man is
one Christ, who sanctifies the manhood in the Word. But in behalf of His
members He says, ‘<i>And for their sakes I’</i></b><i>,</i>— that is, that the
benefit may be also theirs, for they too are [included in the] I, just as it
benefited me in myself, because I am man apart from them— ‘<b><i>I sanctify
myself</i></b>’, that is, I sanctify them as if it were my own self in me,
since in me they also are I. ‘<b><i>That they also may be sanctified in the
truth</i></b>’. … After this He now begins to <b>speak not only of the
apostles, but also of the rest of His members, which we shall treat of, as
grace may be granted us, in another discourse.</b> “ See also </span><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1701108.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1701108.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref52" name="_ftn52" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[52]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Meconi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">207</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Augustine, <i>Expositions
of Psalms </i>85.4: “When therefore I hear,’<i> for I am holy</i>’, I recognise
His voice: yet do I exclude my own? <b>Surely He speaks inseparably from His
body when He speaks thus. Shall I then dare to say, ‘<i>For I am holy</i>?’ If
holy as making (others) holy,</b> and as needing none to sanctify, I should be
proud and false:<b> but if holy as made holy, as it is written, Be holy, ‘for I
am holy’, (Leviticus 19:2) then the body of Christ may venture</b>, and that
one Man crying from the end of the earth, may venture <b>with his Head, and
under his Head, to say, ‘<i>For I am holy</i>’.” </b><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1801086.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1801086.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref53" name="_ftn53" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[53]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Meconi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">202, 215</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref54" name="_ftn54" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[54]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Alexander, 213-214; <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
Augustine, <i>On Genesis</i>, 2.13.19, 2.24.37: “the Apostle says it is
a great sacrament when it is written, ‘<i>Because of this a man will leave
father and mother and will cling to his wife, and they will be two in one flesh’
(Gen. 2:24) </i>Which passage is interpreted as follows: ‘<i>But I speak of
Christ and the church’ (Eph 5:31-32).</i> <b>Therefore, what was fulfilled as
history in Adam, through prophecy signifies Christ, who left his father,</b>
when he said, ‘<i>I went out from my Father and came into this world’ </i>(Jn.
16:28)… <b>He also left his mother</b>, that is, the old and carnal observance
of the synagogue, which was a mother to him from the seed of David according to
the flesh. For the Apostle says that he (Christ) is the head of the church and
the church is his Body (Cf. Col 1:18). <b>Therefore, he too was put to sleep by
the sleep of the passion so that the church might be formed as his wife. He
sings of this sleep through the prophet,</b> saying, ‘<i>I have fallen asleep
and have slept; I have arisen, because the Lord has taken up’ </i>(Ps. 3:16). <b>Therefore,
a wife (the church) was formed for him, from his side, that is from the faith
of the passion and baptism. For his side, having been pierced with the spear,
poured out blood and water. (Jn. 19:34)”<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref55" name="_ftn55" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[55]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Augustine, <i>Expositions of Psalms </i>40.1, 56.11, 102.10, 126.7,
127.11, 12, 138.2; <i>Sermons </i>218.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref56" name="_ftn56" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[56]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Meconi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">221-223; <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
Augustine, <i>On Baptism; On the Soul and its Origin</i>, 1.9.10; <i>City
of God</i>, 13.7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref57" name="_ftn57" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[57]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Meconi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">225; <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
Augustine, <i>Tractates on the Gospel of John</i> 26.19:” He spoke thus:
‘<i>As the living Father has sent me, and I live by the Father; so he that eats
me, even he shall live by me</i>’: just as if He were to say, My emptying of
myself (in that He sent me) effected that I should live by the Father; that is,
should refer my life to Him as the greater; <b>but that any should live by me
is effected by that participation in which he eats me. Therefore, I being
humbled, do live by the Father, man being raised up, lives by me</b>.”. <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1701026.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1701026.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref58" name="_ftn58" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[58]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Meconi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">224-225;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
Augustine, <i>Sermons </i>131.1: “<b>Eat Life, drink Life; thou shalt
have life, and the Life is Entire. But then this shall be, that is, the Body
and the Blood of Christ shall be each man’s Life; if what is taken in the
Sacrament visibly is in the truth itself eaten spiritually, drunk spiritually.</b>”
<a href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf106.vii.lxxxiii.html">http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf106.vii.lxxxiii.html</a>;
<i>Tractates on the Gospel of John</i> 27.11:”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref59" name="_ftn59" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[59]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Meconi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">221-224; <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
Augustine, <i>Sermons </i>272: “So if you want to understand the body of
Christ, listen to the apostle telling the faithful, “<i>You, though, are the
body of Christ and its members</i>” (1 Cor 12:27). So<b> if it’s you that are
the body of Christ and its members, it’s the mystery meaning you that has been
placed on the Lord’s table; what you receive is the mystery that means you.</b>
It is to what you are that you reply “Amen,” and by so replying you express
your assent. What you hear, you see, is “The body of Christ,” and you answer,
“Amen.” So be a member of the body of Christ, in order to make that “Amen”
true. <a href="http://annaeadams.wordpress.com/2012/01/23/augustine-sermon-272/">http://annaeadams.wordpress.com/2012/01/23/augustine-sermon-272/</a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i><span lang="EN-US">
Sermons</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> 57.7:”<b>The Eucharistic bread
should be for us daily bread that we eat to make us live. When we have reached
Christ himself it will no longer be necessary to receive the Eucharist... So
the Eucharist is for us bread for everyday.</b> <b>We must, however, receive it
in such a way that we not only get new bodily strength, but also spiritual
power. For the power that the Eucharist gives is unity.</b> This means that
after <b>we have received Christ's body and become his members</b>,<b> we are
what we have received</b>. Only then does the Eucharist really become our daily
bread. However, what I preach to you is also your daily bread. The same holds
true for the hymns that you hear and pray. <b>All these things are necessary
for our present pilgrim journey through life.</b> When, however, we have
reached our destination we will no longer need to hear the book being read. We
will see the Word himself, eat, hear and drink him.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref60" name="_ftn60" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[60]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;"> </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">林榮洪</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">246</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">283-285</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref61" name="_ftn61" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[61]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Bonner, 383<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref62" name="_ftn62" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[62]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Bonner,
375-376</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref63" name="_ftn63" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[63]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Meconi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">226. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref64" name="_ftn64" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[64]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Augustine, <i>Sermons </i>91.8: “For that ye may know, <b>that the
Bridegroom and the Bride are One according to the Flesh of Christ, not according
to His Divinity (for according to His Divinity we cannot be what He is; seeing
that He is the Creator, we the creature; He the Maker, we His work; He the
Framer, we framed by Him</b>; but in order that we might be one with Him in
Him, He vouchsafed to be our Head, by taking of us flesh wherein to die for
us); that ye may know then that <b>this whole is One Christ</b>, He said by
Isaiah, "He hath bound a mitre on me as a bridegroom, and clothed me with
ornaments as a bride."(1) He is then at once the Bridegroom and the Bride.
That is, the Bridegroom in Himself as the Head, the Bride in the body.
"For they twain," saith He, "shall be in one flesh; so now they
are no more twain, but one flesh." <a href="http://www.ewtn.com/library/PATRISTC/PNI6-9.TXT">http://www.ewtn.com/library/PATRISTC/PNI6-9.TXT</a>; <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref65" name="_ftn65" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[65]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Bonner 376; <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
Augustine, <i>On the Trinity </i>4.2.4: “<b>by nature we are not (divine).
For by nature we are not God: by nature we are men, by sin we are not righteous</b>.
Wherefore <b>God, made a righteous man, interceded with God for man the sinner.
</b>For the sinner is not congruous to the righteous, but man is congruous to
man. <b>By joining therefore to us the likeness of His humanity, He took away
the unlikeness of our unrighteousness</b>; and <b>by being made partaker of our
mortality, He made us partakers of His divinity.</b>” <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/130104.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/130104.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref66" name="_ftn66" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[66]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Tarsicius J. van Bavel, <i>Church in Augustine through the Ages: An
Encyclopedia</i> (Gen. Ed.: Allan D. Fitzgerald; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999)
171; <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
Augustine, <i>Sermons 341.1.1, 9.1.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref67" name="_ftn67" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[67]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Bonner, 369, 371; <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Veli-Matti Karkkainen,</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">《教會論:全球導覽》<span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span lang="EN-US">A
Introduction to Ecclesiology: Ecumenical, Historical</span><span lang="EN-US">
& Global Perspectives)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">,第一章</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref68" name="_ftn68" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[68]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> <i>Catechism of the Catholic Church</i></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">《天主教教理》)</span><span lang="EN-US">, p123a9p2: <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p123a9p2.htm">http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p123a9p2.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2014%E6%98%A5_%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8(3)%EF%BC%9A%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96/Exam/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B83_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v7%20(teacher's%20commented).docx#_ftnref69" name="_ftn69" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[69]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Bonner, 369-370</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-16776135389350399322015-07-22T02:52:00.007-07:002020-08-30T16:15:36.649-07:00與傳統對話系列〈1〉:從釋經學歷史發展探討地方召會的解經原則<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><div><span style="font-family: , serif;"><span style="text-align: left;">湃 恩</span></span></div>
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<span face="">本文首先概覽二千年來基督教釋經學(<span lang="">Hermeneutics</span>)歷史,分析在前考據、考據、以及後考據三個時期中聖經詮釋的發展與變化。基督教釋經學在教父時代較偏向寓意解經,至中世紀幾乎以寓意為主流。從中世紀晚期和改教時代便轉向字面解經的方向發展。到啟蒙運動起的現代時期,解經就以『考據學』的字義為依據。至二十世紀,近代的解經又轉回神學詮釋及寓意解經法。然而,在前考據時期中,教會歷代著名的聖經詮釋者,都一致認定聖經乃是聖靈的啟示,而強調解經者本身必須先依靠聖靈的光照與禱告,作為他進行解經工作時的資格與裝備,再探討解經的原則與方法。<span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<span lang="" style="font-family: , serif;"> </span><span face="">接著,本文以地方召會釋經學著作《讀經之路》為切入點,展現地方召會的解經原則可以直接回朔至前考據時期的正統聖經詮釋原則:先注重解經者的資格及聖靈在解經過程的地位,再談詮釋聖經的方法。在方法方面,則強調必須先從字面著手,再往寓意解經的方向發展。地方召會對於解經也有一套完整,詳細的規範。其中心架構不僅與早期教會教父的『神學詮釋』一致—以『神的經綸</span><span face="">(<span lang="">economy</span></span><span face="">)』為</span><span face="">詮釋聖經的</span><span face="">中心架構,其基礎也與改教運動的改革精神一致—視聖經為獨一的神聖文本,為神給信徒在信仰和生活上的權威話語來閱讀。這使得地方召會的釋經學在普遍採取</span><span face="">『聖經考據學(<span lang="">Biblical criticism</span>,或聖經批判)』</span><span face="">為主要釋經進路(<span lang="">approach</span>)的華人基督教界中獨樹一格,甚至顯得格格不入。但是,地方召會的解經原則,對於深處於後考據時期的華語基督教釋經學,可謂恢復基督教傳統解經體系之先驅。<span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;"><b>壹、釋經學歷史發展簡介</b></span><span lang="" style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">自從馬丁路德將《聖經》從教會傳統的禁錮之下釋放出來,《聖經》這部基督教的神聖文本,成為神賜給人那獨一啟示的『經書(</span><span lang="">the Book</span><span face="">)』。</span><span face="">『</span><span face="">釋經學</span><span face="">』</span><span face="">(</span><span lang="">Hermeneutics</span><span face="">)這字,源自希臘文動詞</span><span lang="">ἑρμηνεύειν</span><span face="">,與其相同字根的字曾出現在聖經的路二四</span><span lang="">27</span><span face="">,徒二</span><span lang="">14</span><span face="">和林前十二</span><span lang="">10</span><span face="">。</span><span lang="">ἑρμηνεύειν</span><span face="">這字原意為『解釋(</span><span lang="">explain</span><span face="">)』或『詮釋(</span><span lang="">interpret</span><span face="">)』,引伸指一種語言的翻譯,特別關係到神聖文本(</span><span lang="">sacred text</span><span face="">)的解釋。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">基督教釋經學就是探討基督徒該怎樣解釋基督教的經典—這本宇宙獨一之神聖的書。人雖然有了這本神聖經書,但還需要有正確的領會和解釋,人纔能不致於誤解神的話而偏離信仰,落到異端的信仰和錯謬的實行裏去。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">自</span><span face="">教會誕生後,</span><span face="">基督徒就立即開始對他們的神聖文本進行詮釋,好藉此建立自己的信仰和神學</span><span face="">。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">認識這段解經發展歷史有助人們今天如何判斷一套正確的解經原則。神學界有許多介紹解經學的書,</span><span face="">例如:蘭姆(</span><span lang="">Bernard Ramm</span><span face="">)的《基督教釋經學》</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="">、賈思柏(</span><span lang="">David Jasper</span><span face="">)的《基督教詮釋學淺析》及近年華語界孫寶玲的《聖經詮釋的意義和實踐》</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">等。而最近劉偉倫和董牧群的〈倪柝聲之釋經原則初探〉</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">一文也有精辟的介紹,於此不再重複。</span> <span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-bidi-language: HE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">由於</span><span face="">近代『聖經考據學(</span><span lang="">Biblical criticism</span><span face="">)』的出現,對基督教釋經學發展帶來深遠且巨大的影嚮。</span><span face="">本文乃以</span><span face="">近代聖經考據學為分界線,</span><span face="">來審視教會的解經歷史的演變:前</span><span face="">考據(</span><span lang="">pre-critical</span><span face="">)、考據及後考據(</span><span lang="">post-critical</span><span face="">)時期。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="">一、前考據時期(約公元</span><span lang="">100 – 1650</span><span face="">)</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face=""><b>釋經進路的起始</b></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">前考據時期從第一世紀早期教會開始,經過教父時期、中世紀,及宗教改革,到十七世紀聖經考據學出現前為止。教父學學者哈恩(</span><span lang="">Scott Hahn</span><span face="">)指出頭六世紀教父釋經的進路可用三個詞來表達:『經綸』(</span><span lang="">economy</span><span face="">)、『預表』及『神祕學』(</span><span lang="">mystagogy</span><span face="">,即聖禮奧祕的研究)。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">自教父時期起,釋經進路主要可分為寓意釋經派(</span><span lang="">allegorical exegesis</span><span face="">)</span><span face="">和字面釋經派(</span><span lang="">literal exegesis</span><span face="">)</span><span face="">兩大派。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span face=""><b>兩釋經進路的異同</b></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">早期教會教父繼承了希臘人和亞歷山大(</span><span lang="">Alexandria</span><span face="">)猶太人解經所用的寓意解經法,這種解經法也曾為耶穌和使徒們所使用,來展示舊約與新約的延續性與一致性:即以基督為中心,顯示那施行在祂子民身上的救贖計劃。教父稱此意義為</span><span face="">『靈意』</span><span face="">,</span><span face="">即嘗試以『神的經綸(或神的經世、經營,</span><span lang="">divine economy</span><span face="">)』的角度來詮釋整本聖經。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">在改教運動以前,寓意解經法基本上是教會對聖經詮釋的主要方法,</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">其代表者乃是埃及的『亞歷山大學派(</span><span lang="">School of Alexandria</span><span face="">)』</span><span face="">。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">這派認為聖經的本文背後含有</span><span face="">屬靈的意義,所以許多經文不能只按照字面解,必須用其背後的屬靈含意解釋。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">與亞歷山大學派相反的是具猶太色彩的</span><span face="">敘</span><span face="">利亞</span><span face="">『</span><span face="">安提阿學派(</span><span lang="">School of
Antioch</span><span face="">)</span><span face="">』</span><span face="">。他們重視歷史事件的真實性(</span><span lang="">historical reality</span><span face="">),以避免過於天馬行空的解釋。這派影響了耶柔米(</span><span lang="">Jerome</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">340-420</span><span face="">)、中世紀的維克多學派(</span><span lang="">School of
Saint Victor</span><span face="">),也為後來的改教家們的解經體系所師承。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">亞</span><span face="">安</span><span face="">兩學派之解經角度雖然廻異卻非完全對立,它們之間的區別乃在程度和偏重之不同。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">兩</span><span face="">派的</span><span face="">立足點都是在維護整本聖經的統一性,他們都承認聖經的啟示是漸進的,也承認貫穿整本聖經使之為一體的乃是基督論。安派也相信聯結新舊約的是預言和預表,不過它們必須根據漸進的啟示,以字義和歷史的方式來詮釋。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="">兩</span><span face="">釋經進路的</span><span face="">調和</span></b><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">奧古斯丁(</span><span lang="">Augustine of Hippo</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">354-430</span><span face="">)被認為是教會歷史上最具權威的教父,是西方神學的主要奠基者。他同時從字面和寓意角度的解經進路,調和了亞安兩學派之間解經進路的爭論。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">他在他的釋經學著作《論基督教教義》(</span><span lang="">De Doctrina Christiana</span><span face="">)中,說到:</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">『</span><span face="">如果經文看來是可循正常(字面)的角度被使用,便不需從意象的角度理解它;若經文要從寓意角度理解,則要小心細想,直到找出帶領信徒通往愛心(愛神和愛人)的詮釋。</span><span face="">』</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">但奧</span><span face="">氏</span><span face="">在實際解經上,他主要還是運用寓意解經法</span><span face="">。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">他更</span><span face="">提出了</span><span face="">寓意釋經的七個原則(</span><span lang=""><i>regulae</i></span><span face="">)</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="">,並整合和應用在他的解經理論中。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">總括而言,奧氏整理了教父們的解經體系,為聖經詮釋學確立了一條結合字面和寓意的解經進路,</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">開創了中世紀經典之釋經框架—</span><span face="">『經文四重意義』,此框架一直沿用直至改教為止</span><span face="">。<span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<span face=""><b>回到原初</b></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">在宗教改革的過程中,改革家與教會的爭論點其實是誰擁有最高的聖經詮釋權。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">羅馬教會認為,因為聖經的正典是由教會所指定的,所以詮釋聖經的最高權威是教會;改革家則認為聖經本身就是聖經的詮釋者,也是傳統的仲裁者。聖經自身形成一個獨立的世界,任何聖經以外的權威和註釋都是不需要的。只要把聖經中所有論及同一題目的經文匯合,就能得出神在那題目之啟示。故詮釋聖經的基本原則乃是</span><span face="">『</span><span face="">以經解經』(</span><span lang=""><i>scriptura scripturae</i></span><span face="">)</span><span face="">。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">這就是改革家提出之口號『惟獨聖經』(</span><span lang=""><i>sola scriptura</i></span><span face="">)</span><span face="">的意義</span><span face="">。</span> <a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">馬</span><span face="">丁</span><span face="">路德(</span><span lang="">Martin
Luther</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">1483-1546</span><span face="">)著重的是讓聖經與讀者的主觀經驗作出互動,而不是用聖經來支持教會的神學。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">加爾文(</span><span lang="">John
Calvin</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">1509-1564</span><span face="">)主張發掘著者的原意,然後述說自己的回應。然而加爾文比路德更偏向字義和歷史角度釋經,儘管他仍以神學和信仰為限制,並強調聖靈的光照乃是聖經詮釋者必須的條件,</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">這預示著在後來考據時期詮釋理論的轉變—優先考量聖經作者的思想,先於教會的神學和權威。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">故甚至有學者認為加爾文是現代釋經的鼻祖。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">總結,改革家們的詮釋理論吸收了教會早期安提阿學派和中世紀維克多派的傳統,也受了當時文藝復興之人文主義影響,開始從中世紀注重寓意的意義,逐漸轉回注重經文字面的意義,認為任何寓意的教義或教訓必須基於字面意義為基礎。</span><span face="">改革家雖然強調回到字面釋經,但他們仍重視教父的傳統。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">最終,</span><span face="">他們的改革精神和聖經詮釋規則,成了後來更正教正統派(</span><span lang="">Orthodoxy</span><span face="">),如路德宗(</span><span lang="">Lutherans</span><span face="">)和改革宗(</span><span lang="">Reformed</span><span face="">)詮釋聖經的指導原則。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="">二、考據時期(約公元</span><span lang="">1650 – 1900</span><span face="">)</span></b><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">考據時期從十七世紀因理性主義興起之歷史考據法起,至二十世紀為止。此時期的聖經研究學者開始不再如前考據時期般,以聖經為神的話,他們將聖經與其他屬人文本同等地看待,並認為釋經者應放下神學和信仰前設。這時期為高舉理性之時代(</span><span lang="">Age of reason</span><span face="">),發展出著重以</span><span face="">『</span><span face="">歷史考據(</span><span lang="">Historical-critical</span><span face="">)</span><span face="">』</span><span face="">的精神和方法來詮釋聖經。理性成為解釋聖經的惟一工具。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""><b>聖經詮釋與神學分割</b></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">被視為為現代詮釋學之父和現代神學之父的士來馬克(</span><span lang="">Friedrich D. E. Schleiermacher</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">1768-1834</span><span face="">)。在面對著聖經的權威與基督教信仰受到嚴峻的挑戰之時代,倡議以歷史考據和人的宗教經驗,從其生活處境(</span><span lang="">life-contexts</span><span face="">)去探索聖經經文的意義。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">他看聖經詮釋的過程乃是詮釋者在宗教精神或經驗上與聖經作者的相遇和印證。他的進路雖使教會不必再以經文證明教義,也使聖經研究得以與科學對話,但聖經和教義卻因此被正式分割了。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">十九世紀『高等考據學(</span><span lang="">higher criticism</span><span face="">)』</span><span face="">的代表人物之一為哈納克(</span><span lang="">Adolf von Harnack</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">1851-1930</span><span face="">)。哈納克認為『歷史考據法(</span><span lang="">Historical Criticism</span><span face="">)』是惟一該用來詮釋聖經的方法。這些高等考據學者認為,不符合現代科學發現的聖經記載就是神話(</span><span lang="">myth</span><span face="">),詮釋者的任務是要客觀地運用科學方法,解開這些原始神話,才能得到真理。這過程稱為『去神話化(</span><span lang="">demythologizing</span><span face="">)』</span><span face="">。直至今日,歷史考據法仍是主導聖經的學術研究方法。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="">『聖經考據法(</span><span lang="">Biblical
Criticism</span><span face="">)』不但塑造了今日的『聖經神學(</span><span lang="">Biblical Theology</span><span face="">)』的研究理論與架構,也為日後『自由主義神學(</span><span lang="">Liberal Theology</span><span face="">)』的興起鋪平了道路,深刻的重塑了今日基督教的輪廓。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="">三、後考據時期(約公元</span><span lang="">1900 – </span><span face="">現在)</span></b><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">後考據時期是從二十世紀起至現在為止。自二十世紀中期開始,好些聖經研究學者已察覺以考據法為主的聖經詮釋進路呈現不足,需要重覓方向。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[32]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""><b>重回聖經的神學詮釋</b></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">巴特(</span><span lang="">Karl
Barth</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">1886-1968</span><span face="">)對考據時期的自由神學和聖經詮釋進行了嚴厲的批判。他於</span><span lang="">1919</span><span face="">年出版的</span><span face="">《羅馬書註釋》採用新的釋經法,嘗試致力恢復改革家們的觀點,認為聖經為神的話並恢復用神學的方法解釋聖經。</span><span face="">巴特以後的後現代詮釋學學者,提出</span><span face="">『</span><span face="">回到聖經去</span><span face="">』</span><span face="">的觀念,即將詮釋的觀點和神學建構回歸聖經,也開始強調將詮釋的重點從發掘經文背後的作者原意,轉回經文本身與讀者之間的互動</span><span face="">。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">總括而言,在後現代詮釋中,經文的意義並非建立在歷史上,而是在敘事呈現和神學認信上,回復強調聖經文本內在、信仰群體和教義作為信仰規範。這預示近年來聖經詮釋再次與神學結合的趨向。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""><b>四、教會釋經史的演變</b></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">下圖簡要地說明二千年來基督教釋經史發展的演變。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">圖</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">1</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">:基督教釋經學發展史—詮釋光譜</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">橫軸表示詮釋光譜,最左為純字面詮釋,最右為純寓意釋經。字面釋經方向較傾向非神學詮釋,即將聖經詮釋與教義分割。寓意釋經方向較傾向神學詮釋。</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj6CQs3hEVrjuCMWoIOb7Cr7oJTH0KliX7g-x-BIu22Gwbj1eD8tNEKIzU5zFgH_Fz6BC-62bxOiTg_dd-vUC1Qkdh2fK2m-13G9V72Fp4yHiRJe_S5vxRjaQMxckDLkK69Y9EAx4ScZI/s1600/02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-indent: 24pt;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj6CQs3hEVrjuCMWoIOb7Cr7oJTH0KliX7g-x-BIu22Gwbj1eD8tNEKIzU5zFgH_Fz6BC-62bxOiTg_dd-vUC1Qkdh2fK2m-13G9V72Fp4yHiRJe_S5vxRjaQMxckDLkK69Y9EAx4ScZI/s640/02.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">圖</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">2</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">:基督教釋經學發展史—時期演變</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">縱軸表示時期,分為前考據、考據和後考據時期。按時期顯示解經進路的演變。最左為純字面詮釋,最右為純寓意釋經。</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">從宏觀的趨勢來看,在聖經完成後,教父時代的釋經方法是較偏向寓意法,也以寓意法為多數。直至中世紀幾乎以寓意為主流。從中世紀晚期和改教時代起,這趨勢便往字面發展。至啟蒙運動起的現代時期,釋經便以考據學的字義為據。至二十世紀起,近代的釋經轉回向神學詮釋及寓意解經。如此,在時間軸上呈現出</span><span face="">『</span><span lang="">S</span><span face="">』</span><span face="">形狀的擺動狀況。筆者認為,此『</span><span lang="">S</span><span face="">』形狀的擺動之所以尚未回歸中軸乃是因為近代釋經學的轉回主要著重在『方法』的改進,而忽略了前述路德與加爾文所強調的,解(釋)經的基礎,乃是:『聖靈的光照』之緣故。這點將於下文詳述。</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;"><b>貳、解經者的資格和預備</b></span><span lang="" style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">聖經乃是神的話,是神的自我啟示,而聖靈乃是真理的靈,其主要工作之一,乃是引導信徒進入真理(約十六</span><span lang="">13</span><span face="">)。要正確地詮釋聖經真理的話,聖靈擔當的角色,以及釋經者本身的資格與預備便至為緊要,使他能足以承擔解經的工作。故此,教會歷</span><span face="">代著名的聖經詮釋者,都無不先強調</span><span face="">釋經者本身的資格與裝備,及聖靈在解經過程的地位,才探討釋經的原則與方法。<span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span face=""><b>一、前改革運動</b></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">在前考據時期,幾乎所有的聖經詮釋者都有一個堅持,就是釋經者必須自己先禱告,將自己投放於一種可使他們真正理解所閱讀之經文的思想框架之內,才能閱讀並詮釋聖經。這種堅持從古教父們起、至中世紀、改革家們,甚至自由神學大師士來馬克也都一致同意</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="">:他們都強調讀經者的先前態度(</span><span lang="">prior
disposition</span><span face="">)</span><span face="">,堅持在讀經前,讀者的心思(</span><span lang="">mind</span><span face="">)和靈(</span><span lang="">spirit</span><span face="">)必須先</span><span face="">進入合適的狀態,如跪下禱告,保證忠於教會等,然後才能預備好有正確的屬靈狀態來閱讀聖經。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""><b>二、改革家們</b></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">路德認為信心和聖靈的光照乃</span><span face="">是釋經者個人必備的首要屬靈條件。因為聖經是神所默示的,解釋聖經的人必須用屬靈的方法來研究它。釋經者進行閱讀及詮釋時必須尋求並倚靠聖靈的引導,才能明白並正確地解釋聖經。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">他在《桌邊談》(</span><span lang="">Table Talk</span><span face="">)說道:</span><span face="" lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">『我們不可倚靠自己卑微的理性來批評、解釋或論斷聖經,而要殷勤的以禱告、默想來找尋求它的意思。…離了這些,不管我們多努力閱讀和聆聽聖經,也永不會明白。聖靈定要成為我們惟一的主人和導師;讓年輕人向這位導師學習,不應以為恥。』</span><span face="">(</span><span lang="">Luther, <i>Table
Talk</i>, 2.4</span><span face="">)</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">加爾文也同樣倚賴聖靈的內證(</span><span lang="">internal testimony of the Holy Spirit</span><span face="">)來肯定聖經的解釋,他堅持聖靈的光照乃是釋經者必備的首要屬靈裝備。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">總括而言,對於所有早期教會、中世紀及改教時期的聖經詮釋者來說,因著他們都完全接受聖經是神完全的默示,他們都一致地認為必須以相信的心、倚靠聖靈和禱告的靈、以及敬虔的態度來閱讀聖經,才能藉著聖靈的光照明白和正確地詮釋聖經。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="">。而這樣閱讀聖經的結果又會使讀者的信心得以增長。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">這個堅持</span><span face="">直到考據時期才被打破。那時的聖經研究學者,尤其許多聖經考據學學者,提倡以人的理性取代人的屬靈狀態,作為閱讀聖經的首要裝備。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[41]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;"><b>叁、地方召會的解經原則</b></span><span lang="" style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">地方召會尊崇正統的教會傳統,相信</span><span face="">『</span><span face="">聖經是神的話,逐字都是神的默示之下所寫成(提後三</span><span lang="">16</span><span face="">),是神給人完整並惟一神聖啟示之寫作(申四</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="">,十二</span><span lang="">32</span><span face="">,箴三十</span><span lang="">5</span><span face="">~</span><span lang="">6</span><span face="">,啟</span><span face="">二二</span><span lang="">18</span><span face="">~</span><span lang="">19</span><span face="">)</span><span face="">』</span><span face="">。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn42" name="_ftnref42" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[42]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">地方召會的解經原則,不但與</span><span face="">早期教會教父、中世紀及改教時期的正統聖經詮釋者一致,也在這個基礎上逐漸發展出一套具有自身特色的解經進路。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="">一、先注重</span><span face="">釋經者本身的資格與裝備,<span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span face="">以及</span><span face="">聖靈在地方召會解經過程的地位</span></b><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">地方召會</span><span face="">的釋經學著作之一為倪柝聲所著的</span><span face="">《讀經之路》</span><span face="">。本書分作兩大部分,上半題為</span><span face="">『人的豫備』,下半題為『讀聖經的方法』。</span><span face="">倪氏認為釋經者的最基本資格,就是先去豫備自己。當人豫備好了,再配上正</span><span face="">確的</span><span face="">方法,才能正確地詮釋聖經,</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn43" name="_ftnref43" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[43]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">故倪氏於書中</span><span face="">開</span><span face="">首就說道:</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">『這一件事非常重要,就是讀聖經不只方法要對,人也必須對。人對,然後纔能用正當的方法去讀聖經。不錯,讀聖經的方法的確要緊;如果沒有好方法,的確也讀不好。但是必須先把我們這個人修改過,纔能把聖經讀得好。』</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn44" name="_ftnref44" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[44]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">倪氏認為一個釋經者需要具備三件事,使自己豫備好成為一個對的人。第一,乃是要屬靈。其次,要奉獻。第三,要有熟練的習慣。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="">1. </span><span face="">要屬靈</span></b><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">倪氏指出聖經的本質是屬靈的(</span><span lang="">spiritual</span><span face="">),如主耶穌所說,</span><span face="">『</span><span face="">我…的話,就是靈</span><span face="">』</span><span face="">(約六</span><span lang="">63</span><span face="">下)。故此,讀祂的話也必須用靈,這個靈是指重生之人所有的靈,是敬拜神、接觸神所要用的(約三</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="">)。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn45" name="_ftnref45" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[45]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">不過人就是有了重生之靈仍未足夠,還必須成為</span><span face="">『</span><span face="">屬靈的人</span><span face="">』</span><span face="">(羅八</span><span lang="">4</span><span face="">),才能領受神藉聖靈所啟示的屬靈的事(林前二</span><span lang="">9</span><span face="">~</span><span lang="">13</span><span face="">)。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn46" name="_ftnref46" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[46]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="">2. </span><span face="">要奉獻</span></b><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">倪氏也指出聖經既是神的話,裏面充滿了神的光,故要得著聖靈光照的人,他的心必須向神是敞開的(林後三</span><span lang="">17</span><span face="">~</span><span lang="">18</span><span face="">),因為</span><span face="">神的光只能照亮向祂敞開的人</span><span face="" style="color: red; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;">。</span><span face="">而人向神敞開的程度則與人奉獻的多少有關。讀經者向著神的奉獻若是完全的、絕對的、沒有保留的、持續不斷的,則沒有一個地方不明白聖經的真理。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn47" name="_ftnref47" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[47]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">倪氏引用主耶穌的話:『人若立志遵著祂的旨意行,就必曉得這教訓或是出於神,或是我憑著自己說的。』(約七</span><span lang="">17</span><span face="">),說明了順從的態度乃是明白神旨的條件。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn48" name="_ftnref48" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[48]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="">3. </span><span face="">要有熟練的習慣</span></b><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">除上述條件外,倪氏也指出人的性情和習慣,如主觀、馬虎、好奇等等,也會影響他讀經的收獲。讀經者需要避免好奇的習慣,才能明白聖經的話,更深的真理,使靈命長進(來五</span><span lang="">13</span><span face="">~</span><span lang="">14</span><span face="">)。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn49" name="_ftnref49" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[49]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">最後,他還提出釋經者在讀經時需要進入聖靈的三件東西:(一)聖靈的思想;(二)聖靈的事實;以及(三)聖經裏的靈,才能準確無誤地分解並詮釋聖經的話。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn50" name="_ftnref50" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[50]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">倪氏總結道:</span><span face="">『人如果沒有受對付,聖經就讀不好。我們要記得,就是這個在神面前的對付,是我們讀聖經的路』。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn51" name="_ftnref51" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[51]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">總而言之,倪氏認為在解經上,首先不是方法的豫備,而是釋經者本身的豫備。人的靈需要先經過重生、奉獻並有熟練的習慣而成為屬靈的人;他才能進入聖靈的思想、事實及聖經裏的靈。人必須先客觀研讀聖經的思想,然後將研究的成果轉化為可經歷的主觀事實,使得人能夠完全在靈裏面被帶入聖經作者的理解與經歷中。此項解經的必要條件強烈地對抗以人的理性為本的考據學派,回歸到使徒與早期教會時代。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""><b>二、地方召會的解經原則</b></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">地方召會神學的奠基者為倪柝聲,傳承者為倪氏的同工及倪氏職事的傳承者李常受,其解經原則乃置於相信聖經是神的話語,是神完全之默示的前題之下。</span><span face="">劉偉倫和董牧群的〈倪柝聲之釋經原則初探〉整理出倪氏的釋經原則有四:(一)</span><span face="">『聖經獨一無二</span><span face="">』</span><span face="">原則;(二)『中心思想</span><span face="">』</span><span face="">原則;(三)『先字面後靈意</span><span face="">』</span><span face="">原則;以及(四)『和諧一致</span><span face="">』</span><span face="">原則。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn52" name="_ftnref52" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[52]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">而李氏則在倪氏的釋經原則上進前發展,構成今日地方召會神學的釋經原則。以下展示地方召會重要的釋經原則:</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""><b>1. </b></span><span face=""><b>以經解經</b>。</span><span face="">即用神的話解釋神的話,這是地方召會解經之『第一要緊』(彼後一</span><span lang="">20</span><span face="">)的原則;地方召會相信第一的基本原則、正確解經的路乃是以經解經。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn53" name="_ftnref53" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[53]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">以經解經的大原則,包含了若干的細原則:</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="">a.</span><span face="">『</span><span face="">聖經</span><span face="">獨一無二</span><span face="">』</span><span face="">原則</span></b><span face="">—地方召會相信惟獨聖經是神的啟示,是基督徒信仰的最高權威。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn54" name="_ftnref54" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[54]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> <b> b.</b></span><span face=""><b>『中心思想』原則</b>—</span><span face="">聖經中的每一卷,甚至全本聖經都有一統一性的主題和中心思想。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn55" name="_ftnref55" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[55]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""><b>c.</b></span><span face=""><b>『和諧一致』原則</b>—</span><span face="">整本聖經的啟示是一致的,經文不會前後矛盾。經文的解釋也不可互相衝突。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn56" name="_ftnref56" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[56]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">此外,倪氏還提出以下原則:</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> <b>d.</b></span><b><span face="">『</span><span face="">啟示漸進』原則</span></b><span face="">—這並非說聖經裏的啟示是不完全的,而是說聖經裏神聖的啟示是漸進的,直到啟示錄的末了才完成。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn57" name="_ftnref57" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[57]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">李常受在倪氏的基礎上補充及發展了以下三個原則:</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="">e.</span><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">顧</span></b><span face=""><b>到上下文</b>—</span><span face="">以經解經含示需要顧到那一節的上下文,該卷書的上下文,和全本聖經的上下文。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn58" name="_ftnref58" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[58]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> <b> f.</b></span><b><span face="">『</span><span face="">首次題到</span><span face="">』</span></b><span face=""><b>原則</b>—</span><span face="">在聖經裏有一個『首先題到』的原則,就是在某種場合中那首先被題到的,就立定以後在那種場合中一切事情的原則。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn59" name="_ftnref59" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[59]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> <b> g.</b></span><span face=""><b>『</b></span><span face=""><b>首尾對照』原則</b>—</span><span face="">整本聖經裏有一條神聖啟示的中心線,從創世記至啟示錄,貫穿著整本聖經。這中心線該是解經者解釋並領會聖經的支配原則。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn60" name="_ftnref60" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[60]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="">2.</span><span face="">『</span><span face="">先字面再靈意』原則</span></b><span face="">。字面的解釋是解釋平常一般文本的方法,地方召會認為聖經的詮釋應當以字面作為基礎。若經文有字面和靈意兩層的意義</span><span face="">,</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn61" name="_ftnref61" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[61]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">經文應</span><span face="">先作字面解,才根據字面靈意解</span><span face="">。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn62" name="_ftnref62" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[62]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">任何第二層的意義都必須建立在第一層字面的意義上。惟有把字面解釋法列為最優先的方法,才能避免誤解聖經。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn63" name="_ftnref63" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[63]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> <b> 3. </b></span><b><span face="">接受並運用</span><span face="">靈意解釋</span></b><span face="">。地方召會認為在合理的前設及基礎之上,以寓意解釋乃是一種正當的釋經方法。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn64" name="_ftnref64" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[64]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">這些前設及基礎包括:(一)經文可有多重的意義;(二)舊約與新約的統一性;(三)主耶穌、新約作者與早期基督徒運用的榜樣(路二四</span><span lang="">25</span><span face="">~</span><span lang="">44</span><span face="">);(四)正統信仰(信仰類比);(五)以經解經等。關於運用靈意解釋來處理比喻、預表及預言的原則,</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn65" name="_ftnref65" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[65]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">詳參〈倪柝聲之釋經原則初探〉頁</span><span lang="">208-209</span><span face="">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">關於地方召會對於預表法</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn66" name="_ftnref66" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[66]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">的運用,值得一提的有二:首先,預表法有助鞏固地方召會的釋經與初期教會教父的釋經和基督教正統教義的連繫。</span><span face="">特雷耶指出,</span><span face="">『</span><span face="">教父神學和基督教正統教義的概念都是由預表法所定義和支持,若沒有預表法,根本難以想像這兩者會存在。</span><span face="">』</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn67" name="_ftnref67" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[67]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">其次,</span><span face="">聖經的中心啟示乃是基督與祂所要得著的教會,李氏看此中心啟示就是使徒保羅所提及以及教父神學所討論之神的經綸</span><span face="">(</span><span lang="">economy</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">oikonomia</span><span face="">,或譯永遠計劃)的內容。故地方召會處理舊約預表之解釋時,也嚴謹地以神的經綸—基督與教會—為詮釋框架。舊約的各項預表主要均為反映新約啟示之中心—基督與教會。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn68" name="_ftnref68" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[68]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> <b> 4. </b></span><b><span face="">繼承歷代解經家的</span><span face="">詮釋</span><span face="">,借鑒於往聖</span></b><span face="">—地方召會的聖經詮釋,不僅按照符合正統信仰之解經體系,也借鑒於往聖,受教於歷代著名解經家的詮釋,以</span><span face="">『基督的身體』為平衡。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn69" name="_ftnref69" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[69]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">地方召會的神學體系,主體承襲自英國弟兄會(</span><span lang="">Polymouth Brethen</span><span face="">)神學中的聖經論、解經原則、時代論、神論、基督論及教會論,也接受內裏生命派(敬虔主義,</span><span lang="">Pietism</span><span face="">)的靈修神學、加爾文的豫定論,拒絕阿米紐斯(或譯阿米尼亞)(</span><span lang="">Arminius</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">1560-1609</span><span face="">)派的人責論,並接受國度真理的賞罰為平衡。地方召會的神學體系雖接受英國弟兄們的聖經論、解經原則、時代論、神論、基督論及教會論等,但又根據其解經原則,不完全採納弟兄會的論點。地方召會在這些題目範疇上都以聖經為獨一無二的鑑別標準而有所調整,如在時代論上,李氏指出聖經中將時代分為四個,非如弟兄會或其他時代論者分為七個。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn70" name="_ftnref70" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[70]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">另外,李氏的救贖論並沒有採用極端加爾文主義立場,將神的預定擴大至極致。他所接納的乃是加爾文所教導『神的預定</span><span lang="">/</span><span face="">預知』部分,以保守神的大能(</span><span lang="">majesty</span><span face="">)。同時,李氏拒絕的是極端阿米紐斯主義的律法主義,以至於否認基督救贖工作的功效;但並未拒絕阿米紐斯主義強調的人自由意志與對於神行動的配合。整體而論,地方召會的救贖論乃是在非常溫和的加爾文主義立場上,吸取部分阿米紐斯主義的核心觀念,更趨近古代教會的『神人合作論(</span><span lang="">Synergism</span><span face="">)』,具有一種『嘗試調和加爾文主義與阿米紐斯主義,甚至將其融合成為一個救贖論系統的張力』。這個張力的結果,就是李氏晚年結合這種『調和了加爾文主義與阿米紐斯主義』的救贖論與『時代論』的末世論所建立的『神完整的救恩』的救贖論體系。在這個體系中,加爾文主義的張力被引導歸於神永遠的定旨,使得信徒肯定得以進入新天新地;阿米紐斯主義的張力則被歸入時代論強調的『千年國』(</span><span lang="">millennium kingdom</span><span face="">),與信徒的努力與配合有關,作為信徒的獎賞。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn71" name="_ftnref71" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[71]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> <b> 5. </b></span><span face=""><b>以『神的經綸』為管治原則</b></span><span face="">—地方召會的神學體系,是以</span><span face="">一</span><span face="">聖經主題,聯繫聖經中每一個單獨的教義,組成一個有系統的神學體系。此主題倪氏稱為</span><span face="">『</span><span face="">神永遠的計劃</span><span face="">』</span><span face="">,而李氏承襲此主題,於</span><span lang="">1960</span><span face="">年代起稱此為</span><span face="">『</span><span face="">神的經綸</span><span face="">』(</span><span lang="">Economy
of God</span><span face="">)</span><span face="">。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn72" name="_ftnref72" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[72]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="">『經綸』(</span><span lang="">Oikonomia</span><span face="">)這辭,出現於以弗所書一章十節與三章九節,其字原意指神之『家庭行政』(</span><span lang="">Household Administration</span><span face="">),或在行政上的一套安排(</span><span lang="">dispensation</span><span face="">)。根據以弗所書,『經綸』乃指神的永世計劃(弗三</span><span lang="">11</span><span face="">)。在這經綸中之各項事物安排、管理、經營,目的乃是『在日期滿足的時候,使天上地上一切所有的,都在基督裏面同歸於一』(弗一</span><span lang="">10</span><span face="">)故此,這經綸自然包括神對人類所有的旨意與安排,也貫串神、基督、聖靈、人、救贖、教會、末世等諸神學題目。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn73" name="_ftnref73" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[73]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">因此,李氏神學中的每個教義都是以神的經綸來互相關聯起來的,也以神的經綸來定為詮釋聖經的管治原則。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">『神的經綸』的管治原則,包含以下三個的細原則:</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""><b>a. </b></span><span face=""><b>解經的首要管治原則</b>—顧到時代(</span><span lang="">dispensation</span><span face="">)的分別及經綸安排之分賜(</span><span lang="">dispensing</span><span face="">)。</span><span face="">李常受認為</span><span lang="">oikonomia</span><span face="">這辭的確指明</span><span face="">『</span><span face="">時代</span><span face="">』(</span><span lang="">dispensation</span><span face="">)是神神聖行政的安排,以執行祂的永遠計劃。每一個時代,神對待人都有祂不同的方法。雖然地方召會接受時代神學派對時代的教訓,但卻認為這教訓對</span><span lang="">oikonomia</span><span face="">的領會不夠充分,因為</span><span lang="">oikonomia</span><span face="">這辭也包含</span><span face="">分賜(</span><span lang="">dispensing</span><span face="">)之意,即神神聖行政安排的目的和內容,乃是將祂自己分賜到祂所揀選並救贖的人裏面。李氏解經的首要管治原則,不僅顧到時代的分別,也注意經綸安排之分賜。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn74" name="_ftnref74" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[74]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""><b>b. </b></span><span face=""><b>第二個基本的解經管治原則</b>—基督和教會。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn75" name="_ftnref75" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[75]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">神的經綸是以基督為中心,以教會為目標。基督乃是神經綸的中心與普及,教會是神經綸之分賜的目標與結果。故李氏認為基督是聖經的中心與精髓,教會是聖經啟示之精髓的終結。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn76" name="_ftnref76" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[76]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> <b> c. </b></span><span face=""><b>第三個基本的解經管治原則</b>—基督、那靈、生命和教會</span><span face="">。李氏認為基督、那靈、生命和教會此乃為聖經的四要素。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn77" name="_ftnref77" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[77]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""><b>三、解經的例子</b></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">地方召會的主要釋經著作為李常受所著的《生命讀經》及《聖經恢復本》(包含主題、綱目和註解等)。李氏指出此二著作的編寫原則,乃是以(一)</span><span face="">『</span><span face="">神的經綸及分賜</span><span face="">』</span><span face="">,即三一神將祂自己分賜到祂所揀選並救贖的人裏面,和(二)</span><span face="">『</span><span face="">基督為著教會</span><span face="">』</span><span face="">來詮釋、發展並解說聖經所包含的真理。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn78" name="_ftnref78" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[78]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">他認為聖經有其中心線,由七大項目組成:三一神、基督、那靈、生命、教會的啟示與實行、國度及新耶路撒冷。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn79" name="_ftnref79" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[79]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">此二著作的特色,乃是建立在聖經中心真理的基礎上,而以生命為角度和路線,將人引到主耶穌這位經過種種過程的三一神,終極完成為賜生命的靈這裏,使人得著神聖生命的分賜,成為神的兒子,基督身體的活肢體,與三一神聯結、調和、並合併成為一,為著完成神永遠的經綸。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">本文先以雅各所夢見的天梯與所枕的石頭</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(創二八</span><span lang="">11</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">~</span><span lang="">19</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span face="">之解經為例子,來展示各家解經的方式,與李常受的解經對比;然後再以約翰二章</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="">至</span><span lang="">11</span><span face="">節作為另一個例子。比較中抽取教父時期代表人物奧古斯</span><span face="">丁、改教時期改革家加爾文</span><span face="">、後改教時期英國</span><span face="">加爾文主義解經家馬太亨利</span><span face="">(</span><span lang="">Matthew Henry</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">1662-1714</span><span face="">)和</span><span face="">約翰基爾(</span><span lang="">John Gill</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">1697-1771</span><span face="">)、英國弟兄會時代論主義者達祕(</span><span lang="">John Nelson
Darby</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">1800-1882</span><span face="">)</span><span face="">(詳見附表</span><span face="">『</span><span face="">約翰二章</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">~</span><span lang="">11</span><span face="">節各解經者解經法比較表</span><span face="">』</span><span face="">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="">1. </span><span face="">雅各做夢的天梯與所立起的石頭</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">(</span><span face="">創二八</span><span lang="">11</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">~</span><span lang="">19</span><span face="">)</span></b><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">對雅各所夢到的天梯,第二世紀的愛任紐(</span><span lang="">Irenaeus</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">130-202</span><span face="">)作靈然解,將這天梯解釋為教會,能帶人上昇到神那裏。第三世紀的俄利根則解釋為禁慾主義的梯子,當基督徒活著的時候,藉著抑制魂的慾望而增加德性。在他之後,拿先斯的貴格利(</span><span lang="">Gregory of Nazianzu</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">329-390</span><span face="">)、女撒的貴格利(</span><span lang="">Gregory of Nyssa</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">335-395</span><span face="">)、金口屈梭多模(</span><span lang="">John Chrysostom</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">347-407</span><span face="">)等人也都跟隨俄利根的解釋,這天梯乃是基督徒藉著禁慾而增加美德,使他們上昇達到神那裏。這種解經方式到了第七世紀的克理馬克思(</span><span lang="">John Climacus</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">525-606</span><span face="">)發展出魂和身體交戰過程中的三十個階段的梯子,而達到頂峰,也帶動了早期禁慾主義的盛行。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn80" name="_ftnref80" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[80]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">此一靈然解忽略了解經必須以整本聖經為根據的原則,而其趨勢與影響對初期教會的影響鉅深。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">改教之後,由於歸回聖經的改教原則,許多解經家都根據耶穌在約翰福音一</span><span lang="">51</span><span face="">的說話,將這天梯解釋為將天聯於地的基督,這包括了</span><span lang="">Charles John </span><span lang="">Ellicott</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="">George Benson</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="">John Gill</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="">Adam Clark</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="">Matthew Henry</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、《</span><span face="">日內瓦研讀聖經》(</span><span lang="">Geneva
Study Bible</span><span face="">)等。但以解經出名的</span><span lang="">Karl </span><span lang="">Keil</span><span face="">和</span><span lang="">Franz Delitzsch</span><span face="">卻沒有將天梯解釋為基督,僅解釋這一段是神對離家無助的雅各之照顧。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn81" name="_ftnref81" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[81]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">這是字面解經的例子。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">而對於雅各將所枕的石頭立起為柱子一事,大多解經家都作字面解釋,視為一種紀念的方式(參創三一</span><span lang="">45</span><span face="">,三五</span><span lang="">14</span><span face="">)。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn82" name="_ftnref82" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[82]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">李常受也根據約翰一</span><span lang="">51</span><span face="">將此天梯解釋為基督,但他更根據聖經中基督是基石、頂石、房角石(賽二八</span><span lang="">16</span><span face="">,亞四</span><span lang="">7</span><span face="">,徒四</span><span lang="">10</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">~</span><span lang="">12</span><span face="">)指出雅各所立的石頭也象徵基督。然後,他根據整本聖經中的一個中心,就是神的心意乃是要得著居所,而指出這石頭不僅象徵基督,也象徵變化過的人,要成為建造神家的材料(林前三</span><span lang="">12</span><span face="">,彼前二</span><span lang="">5</span><span face="">,太十六</span><span lang="">18</span><span face="">,啟二一</span><span lang="">11</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">18</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">~</span><span lang="">20</span><span face="">)。雅各之所以得此夢,乃是神要將這詭詐抓奪的人,經歷破碎與變化,最終成為「伯特利」。李氏並指出神的家(伯特利)就是今日的教會(提前三</span><span lang="">15</span><span face="">),最終要完成於神與人合一的相互居所—新耶路撒冷(啟二一</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">22</span><span face="">,約十四</span><span lang="">23</span><span face="">)。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn83" name="_ftnref83" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[83]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">李氏如此的解經乃是應用以上所列解經原則中的:『以經解經』、『中心思想』、『首尾對照』、『啟示漸進』和『和諧一致』等的觀點。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> <b> 2. </b></span><b><span face="">耶穌變水為酒(約二</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">~</span><span lang="">11</span><span face="">)</span></b><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="">a. </span><span face="">奧古斯丁</span></b><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">奧古</span><span face="">斯</span><span face="">丁相信,在約翰福音第二章『這變水為酒神蹟記載裏,還含有更奧祕的意義在細節裏,有基督的啟示這故事裏。』</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn84" name="_ftnref84" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[84]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">這神蹟的記載是為要表明受造墮落的人如何被神所恢復,神要將這更好的酒—基督自己—賜給人。受造墮落的人,信主前就如那些水,但神用祂的大能,使人變成酒—藉信得著基督,得著得救的智慧。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn85" name="_ftnref85" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[85]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">奧氏認為耶穌來到這個婚宴,寓表祂來到世界中,來找預備好的新婦童女(林後十一</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="">)。無疑,奧氏是以基督為本段他寓意詮釋的中心。他將『時代』</span><span face="">(</span><span lang="">ages</span><span face="">)</span><span face="">加入他的詮釋裏,認為六個裝滿水的器皿變成水,表徵神自創世以來,經過六個時代後,在今福音時代要將這更好的酒—基督自己—作到人裏面去。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn86" name="_ftnref86" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[86]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">此外,奧古</span><span face="">斯</span><span face="">丁的詮釋也以神學詮釋為規範。例如,解釋為何約翰記載耶穌對祂母親說:『婦人,我與你何干?』(</span><span lang="">4</span><span face="">節)時,奧氏便以基督乃完全的神和完全的人,有神性和人性來詮釋。照祂的人性,祂有母親,但照祂的神性,祂沒有母親。這裏耶穌行神蹟是照著祂神性的大能。又如,『兩三』這數字,表徵三一神—父子靈,這靈是父和子的靈。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn87" name="_ftnref87" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[87]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="">b. </span><span face="">加爾文</span></b><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">加爾文主要視這段為猶太人文化習俗的記載,除了如字面上所記外,這神蹟</span><span lang=""> </span><span face="">也是在神聖主宰安排下,給耶穌機會顯示出祂的榮耀來,為那彌賽亞,這段記載的細節幾乎沒有其它特別的屬靈意思或意義。他只有一處將耶穌將水變酒的事例,引伸至屬靈教訓,就是指耶穌豐富地賜大量的更好、豐富的酒,祂今天也照樣賜給我們日常豐富的物質需要。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn88" name="_ftnref88" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[88]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="">c. </span><span face="">馬太亨利</span></b><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">馬太亨利在本段採取較多寓意法的解經。他認為此婚宴除了極可能是耶穌家屬的親戚或好友的婚宴,它也表徵基督與祂教會奧祕的聯合。亨利也將這故事的細節應用至屬靈教訓,如人在世界中也常陷入困境(酒用盡了)。結了婚的信徒在照顧世務時也會遇見『盡頭(失望)』,此時需邀請耶穌和祂門徒進來等。整個變水為酒的故事,說出基督為在摩西律法之下可憐、軟弱的人,帶來福音的福分和恩典。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn89" name="_ftnref89" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[89]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="">d. </span><span face="">約翰基爾</span></b><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">約翰基爾同樣也有採取寓意解經法,但較馬太亨利為少。他從猶太人生活文化解釋『第三天』。他認為這裏婚宴故事展示出基督的謙卑、俯就貧窮人,也在神聖主宰下,給耶穌展示神聖能力的機會。但他也認為此婚宴也表徵現今的福音時代,羔羊的婚宴。教會的丈夫基督,在今時代福音之羔羊婚宴中,也變水為酒,使人嘗到更好之酒(福音的福分、享受、喜樂。應許等)。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn90" name="_ftnref90" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[90]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="">e. </span><span face="">達祕</span></b><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">達祕認為約翰二章的事例無疑是真實的歷史,然而,他認為作者選擇將這事例放在這裏,顯示它有其更廣的意義,包括『第三天』、『加利利』、(耶穌稱呼母親為)『婦人』、『酒』等等。達祕總括,認為本章乃千年國以色列的預表,預示主再來之時代以色列所享受基督的福分。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn91" name="_ftnref91" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[91]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="">f. </span><span face="">李常受</span></b><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">李常受認為解開約翰福音的鑰節是二十</span><span lang="">31</span><span face="">節『但記這些事,要叫你們信耶穌是基督,是神的兒子;並且叫你們信了,就可以在祂的名裏得生命。』。約翰在他福音書中所記載的一切事例,都證明基督是生命,應付罪人的需要。基於這個原則,變水為酒的事件(約二</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="">~</span><span lang="">11</span><span face="">),不僅是一個故事的記述,乃有屬靈的意思,帶有特別的意義。他指在這卷書裏,耶穌所行的一切神蹟,原文都稱為表號(</span><span lang="">σημείων</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">sign</span><span face="">),就是表徵某些事的。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn92" name="_ftnref92" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[92]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">這些都是神蹟,卻用作表號,以表徵生命的事。由於約翰二章的神蹟是耶穌所行的頭一個神蹟(表號),就立下了本書往後一切表號的原則。李氏認為變水為酒這件事作為本書頭一個記號,乃是在本書立定了生命的原則-變死亡為生命。這生命是永遠的生命,乃是神自己。約翰福音所記載一切事例的意義,總是符合創世記二章九、十七節所啟示,生命樹帶來生命,知識樹帶來死亡的原則。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn93" name="_ftnref93" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[93]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">下表列出部分李常受與以上解經家於此段相近的解經觀點:</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border: 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.55pt;" valign="top" width="161"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page;" />
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">解經者</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"> \<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">本事例</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">奧古斯丁</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border: 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">加爾文</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border: 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">馬太亨利</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">約翰基爾</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">達祕</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">李常受</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">在字面以外有屬靈意義</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">其中</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">『</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">數字</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">』</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">含有靈意</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">無題及</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">無題及</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">無題及</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">無題及</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border: 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.55pt;" valign="top" width="161"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">其中</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">『</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">地點</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">』</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">含有靈意</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">無題及</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">無題及</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">無題及</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">無題及</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<td style="border: 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.55pt;" valign="top" width="161"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">其中</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">『</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">婚宴</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">』</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">含有靈意</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">無題及</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<td style="border: 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.55pt;" valign="top" width="161"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">其中</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">『</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">水</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">』</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">和</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">『</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">酒</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">』</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">各</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">含有靈意</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">無題及</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.55pt;" valign="top" width="161"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">其中</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">『</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">變中為酒的神蹟</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">』</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">含有靈意</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">有</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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</tbody></table>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">圖</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">3</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">:李常受與以上解經家於約二</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">1</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">~</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">11</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">相近的解經觀點比較</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="" style="font-size: 14pt;">肆、</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">總結</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span face="">一、後考據時期釋經學發展趨勢</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face=""><b>—恢復聖經的神學詮釋</b></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">在前考據時期,包括早期教父至更正教改革家的基督徒,都普遍視聖經為神聖文本,為神給信仰和生活的權威話語來閱讀。詮釋聖經就是與神相遇。但隨著進入考據時期,聖經神學開始與教義神學分家,將聖經神學視為歷史性研究,而教義神學為規範性的研究。這種的排除結果就把聖經看為一般非神聖的文本,不以信仰與神相遇為指涉。二十世紀初,更正教已開始察覺考據學的嚴重不足,就逐漸使其釋經學扭轉歷史考據支配教會的聖經閱讀局面,重新往聖經與神學結合的發展方向,恢復聖經的神學詮釋(</span><span lang="">Theological interpretation of the scripture</span><span face="">)</span><span face="">,而卡爾巴特更是這個恢復的先驅。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn94" name="_ftnref94" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[94]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">踏入二十世紀中葉,英美福音派更正教和全球的天主教徒,在與現代主義對抗之時,雖然為自身的神學詮釋作了保存,卻在抵抗現代主義的手法有錯失。現在,這兩個群體也都有神學家準備就緒,復興由巴特所帶動的聖經神學詮釋,重尋前考據時期的詮釋。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn95" name="_ftnref95" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[95]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">另一方面,從二千年釋經史看,無論字面釋經還是寓意釋經,其實二者均是屬於前考據時期正統基督教的釋經法。兩種的釋經法均是建立在特別啟示及聖經是神所默示的基礎上。故此,只要留在這信仰的類比之框架內,兩種之釋經學派實在不必要因經文上解釋之差異而彼此攻擊對方,以破壞基督徒在聖靈裏的合一(弗四</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="">)。筆者欲引用蘭姆博士在</span><span face="">《基督教釋經學》一書的</span><span face="">結語作為勸告,並印證那句常在基督徒中間的古老金言:『在首要的事上,合一;在次要的事上,自由;在一切的事上,相愛。</span><span face="">』</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn96" name="_ftnref96" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[96]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="">:</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">『經文解釋上的差異會破壞了基督徒在靈裏的合一,這是一個經常存在的危險。這些差異尖銳的時候,往往感情因素就會高漲。在遙遠的地平線上,經常可以看到暴風雨來臨前的徵兆。所以保守派更正教最好設法找到彼此交通的基礎,而不專挑彼此之間的差異。如果我們都站立在三位一體、耶穌基督和救恩偉大的真理上,那麼我們應該在基督徒愛心的範圍內,解決解經學上的差異,努力保持在真道上的合一。若在解經學理論上的勝利,是以</span><span face="">犠牲基督徒的和諧為代價,那是不值得的。』</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn97" name="_ftnref97" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[97]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""><b>二、比較</b></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">我們若比較地方召會與釋經史中各時期的釋經</span><span face="">體系,首先,明顯地顯示出</span><span face="">地方召會的釋經</span><span face="">體系是與前考據時期,如教父們、奧古斯丁及</span><span face="">改革家們的釋經體系極為接近</span><span face="">,即在持守大公正統信仰和教義的前設下,地方召會首先強調聖靈在詮釋聖經過程中的主導地位,人的理性必須被動的配合聖靈的光照。</span><span face="">這基礎也與改教運動的改革精神一致—視聖經為獨一的神聖文本,為神給信仰和生活的權威話語來閱讀</span><span face="">。</span><span face="">其次,地方召會在解經的方法上,</span><span face="">同時兼容字面和寓意兩種角度的釋經法</span><span face="">。此外,地方召會的聖經詮釋,其中心架構也與早期教會教父的『神學詮釋』一致—以『神的經綸』為詮釋聖經的中心架構。雖然地方召會的釋經學使得它在普遍採取『聖經考據學(</span><span lang="">Biblical criticism</span><span face="">,或聖經批判)』為主要釋經學進路(</span><span lang="">approach</span><span face="">)的華人基督教界中獨樹一格,並格格不入,但</span><span face="">從二千年至今天的基督教釋經史發展看來,</span><span face="">地方召會的解經原則,卻對於後考據時期的基督教釋經學,提供了所需之泉源。</span><span face="">在現今考據學充斥教會之時代,地方召會的解經原則,可謂恢復基督教傳統解經體系之先驅。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">附表:約翰二章</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 14pt;">1</span><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">~</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 14pt;">11</span><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">節各解經者解經法比較表</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">按時期順序(左至右排列)</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">解經者</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">奧古斯</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">丁<span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">(</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">354-430</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">)</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">加爾文</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">(</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">1509-1564</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">)</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">馬太亨利</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">(</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">1662-1714</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">)</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">約翰基爾</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">(</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">1697-1771</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">)</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">達秘</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">(</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">1800-1882</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">)</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">李常受</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">(</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 9pt;">1905-1997</span><span face="" style="font-size: 9pt;">)</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">著作</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">Tractate on the Gospel of John<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">Commentary on John<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">Commentary on the Whole Bible<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">Exposition of the Entire Bible<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">Synopsis of the Bible<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">《</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">約翰福音生命讀經</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;">》</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">、</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">《</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">新約恢復本註釋</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">》</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">經 節</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">第三日(</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">1</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">節上)</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">無</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">指耶穌來到加利利的第三日</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn98" name="_ftnref98" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[98]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">指耶穌來到加利利的第三日</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn99" name="_ftnref99" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[99]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">無法確定那一天。按猶太人習俗,當時的婚禮慶典十分隆重,而時間大約一個星期。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn100" name="_ftnref100" title=""><sup><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[100]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">主再來之日</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn101" name="_ftnref101" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[101]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">表徵復活的日子(林前十五</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">4</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">)</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn102" name="_ftnref102" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[102]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">加利利的迦拿(</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">1</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">節中)</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">無</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">迦拿有三處可能的地方</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn103" name="_ftnref103" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[103]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 3.75pt;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">在遠離耶路撒冷人群的加利利開始祂的職事,展示祂非尋求人的榮耀,乃將榮耀展示予低微的加利利人</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn104" name="_ftnref104" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[104]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">迦拿有三處可能的地方</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn105" name="_ftnref105" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[105]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">千年國時以色列餘民聚集之地</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn106" name="_ftnref106" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[106]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">加利利是被人藐視的地方,而『迦拿』原文意蘆葦,表徵軟弱、脆弱的人(賽四二</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">3</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">,太十一</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">7</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">,十二</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">20</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">)</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn107" name="_ftnref107" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[107]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">娶親的筵席(</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">1</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">節下)</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 3.75pt;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">耶穌來到這個婚宴,寓為祂來到世界中,來找預備好的新婦童女(林後十一</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">3</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">);祂是新郎,教會是新婦</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn108" name="_ftnref108" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;">[108]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 3.75pt;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">照著古近東的禮節傳統,重視婚禮賓主的禮尚往來。貧窮人更熱情於邀請賓客</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn109" name="_ftnref109" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[109]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 3.75pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">新郎新娘的身份雖不得而知,但極可能是耶穌家屬的親戚或好友</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn110" name="_ftnref110" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[110]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">婚宴標誌著愛、友情和快樂</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 3.75pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">此婚宴也表徵基督與祂教會奧祕的聯合</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn111" name="_ftnref111" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[111]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">信徒婚姻生活中也該用禱告邀請耶穌來臨,這會邀來祂的恩典</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn112" name="_ftnref112" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[112]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">展示出基督的謙卑、俯就貧窮人</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn113" name="_ftnref113" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[113]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">此婚宴也表徵現今的福音時代,羔羊的婚宴</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn114" name="_ftnref114" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[114]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">千年國時餘民享主福分</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn115" name="_ftnref115" title=""><sup><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[115]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 3.75pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">婚姻表徵人生命的延續</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">婚筵表徵人生的快樂和享受</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn116" name="_ftnref116" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[116]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">酒用盡了(</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">3</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">節)</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">無</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">在神聖主宰下,給耶穌展示神聖能力—行神蹟—的機會</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn117" name="_ftnref117" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[117]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">我們在世界中也常陷入困境</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn118" name="_ftnref118" title=""><sup><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[118]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">結了婚的信徒照顧世務時也會遇見『盡頭</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">(</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">失望</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">)</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">』,此時需邀請耶穌和祂門徒進來</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn119" name="_ftnref119" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[119]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">顯示該處為貧窮家庭,在神聖主宰下,給耶穌展示神聖能力的機會</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn120" name="_ftnref120" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[120]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">酒表徵福分和喜樂</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn121" name="_ftnref121" title=""><sup><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[121]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">酒是葡萄的生命汁,象徵生命;酒用盡了,表徵人的生命到了盡頭。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn122" name="_ftnref122" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[122]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">基督徒在婚姻生活中也可能去到生命用盡了,然而,他們若向主耶穌敞開,祂必將那死亡的水變為生命的酒</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn123" name="_ftnref123" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[123]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">婦人,我與你何干?(</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">4</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">節)</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">這裏並非否定耶穌的人性,乃是因為『時候還沒有到』;耶穌是神又是人。是神,祂沒有母親,是人,祂有母親;行這神蹟是照著基督的神性</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn124" name="_ftnref124" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[124]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">基督這句話顯出祂的神聖榮耀。對於那些高舉耶穌母親馬利亞的人,這裏是最好的駁斥</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn125" name="_ftnref125" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[125]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">耶穌越愛的人,祂就越責備</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn126" name="_ftnref126" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[126]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">在這裏行神蹟的耶穌是神自己,天然的關係在此無用,耶穌有祂的時間</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn127" name="_ftnref127" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[127]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">『婦人』在此並非不尊重的表示,乃是猶太人平常的慣用語,表示尊敬、親密的稱呼</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn128" name="_ftnref128" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[128]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">無</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">『婦人』表示尊敬、親密的稱呼;『我與你何干?』為希伯來成語</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn129" name="_ftnref129" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[129]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">我們常常和耶穌的母親完全一樣。我們就是今天的馬利亞,是天然的人,按照自己天然的生命禱告</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn130" name="_ftnref130" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[130]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">六口石水缸(</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">5</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">節中)</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">水表徵受造墮落的人</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn131" name="_ftnref131" title=""><sup><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[131]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">-</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">『六』這數字,表徵受造的人,也表徵神創世以來的六個時代</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn132" name="_ftnref132" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[132]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">用水潔淨是猶太宗教的實行,為著遵照神律法的命令</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn133" name="_ftnref133" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[133]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">用水潔淨是猶太宗教的實行,為著遵照神律法的命令,也為賺世界的財富</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn134" name="_ftnref134" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[134]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">這裏的水表徵律法,是軟弱的、可憐的</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn135" name="_ftnref135" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[135]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 3.75pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">這些石缸用來盛水,是猶太人為著潔淨之用</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn136" name="_ftnref136" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[136]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">這裏的水也表徵較低下受敗壞的、撒但的試探之人生命</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn137" name="_ftnref137" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[137]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 3.75pt;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">無</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 3.75pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">用水潔淨是猶太宗教的實行,為著潔淨</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn138" name="_ftnref138" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[138]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">石缸表徵受造的人(創一</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">27</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">31</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn139" name="_ftnref139" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[139]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 3.75pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">這裏的水象徵死亡(創一</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">2</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">6</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">,出十四</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">21</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">和太三</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">16</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn140" name="_ftnref140" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[140]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 3.75pt;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">每口可盛兩三桶水(</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">5</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">節下)</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 3.75pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">μέτρον</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">除了是量具外;『兩三』這數字也含示三一神父子靈</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn141" name="_ftnref141" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[141]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 3.75pt;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">兩三桶約等於</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">9</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">英加侖</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn142" name="_ftnref142" title=""><sup><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[142]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 3.75pt;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">容量必定是相當大的;照樣,基督給祂自己也是大量的、豐富的</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn143" name="_ftnref143" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[143]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 3.75pt;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">兩三桶約等於</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">9</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">英加侖;展示出基督的慷慨大方</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn144" name="_ftnref144" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[144]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 3.75pt;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">無</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 3.75pt;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">兩三桶約等於</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">100</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">公升</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn145" name="_ftnref145" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[145]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">變水為酒(</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">9</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">節)</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 3.75pt;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">變水為酒表徵使受造墮落的人被恢復</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn146" name="_ftnref146" title=""><sup><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[146]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">這更好的酒甚至就是福音—基督自己</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn147" name="_ftnref147" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[147]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 3.75pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">作者選取此敘事以展示耶穌的大能</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn148" name="_ftnref148" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[148]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">若基督這莊重的教師每日賜我們豐富,這對我們是個試驗</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn149" name="_ftnref149" title=""><sup><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[149]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 3.75pt;">
<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">摩西變水為血,但基督變水為酒;摩西帶來律法的咒詛,但基督是那使神和人快樂的酒,祂帶來福音的福分和恩典</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn150" name="_ftnref150" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[150]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">- </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">在我們或我們朋友陷入困境時,我們要謙卑地禱告請求主救我們脫離困境</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn151" name="_ftnref151" title=""><sup><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[151]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 3.75pt;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">正如這婚宴中管婚宴的以為新郎所作的,教會的丈夫基督,在今時代福音之羔羊婚宴中,也變水為酒,使人嘗到更好之酒(福音的福分、享受、喜樂。應許等)</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn152" name="_ftnref152" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[152]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">預示以色列將來享受真實的福分</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn153" name="_ftnref153" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[153]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">這不僅是故事,更是主耶穌所完成的事,以立定生命的原則—變死亡為生命</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn154" name="_ftnref154" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[154]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">頭一個神蹟(</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;">11</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">節)</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 3.75pt;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">無</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">這是耶穌由祂所行的第一個神蹟</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn155" name="_ftnref155" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[155]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">這是耶穌由祂所行的第一個神蹟</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn156" name="_ftnref156" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[156]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">耶穌在公眾或私所行的第一個神蹟</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn157" name="_ftnref157" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[157]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">無</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">在這卷書裏,主所行的一切神蹟,原文都稱為表號。這裏的頭一個表號,就立下了往後一切表號的原則,就是變死亡為生命</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftn158" name="_ftnref158" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[158]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">賈思柏(</span><span lang="">David Jasper</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),《基督教詮釋學淺析》,紀榮神譯,系統神學叢書(香港:基督出版社,</span><span lang="">2008</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),</span><span lang="">7-8</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">同註</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">39-40</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">蘭姆</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="">Bernard Ramm</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),《基督教釋經學》,詹正義譯,系統神學叢書(美國:活泉出版社,</span><span lang="">1983</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。</span><span lang="" style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">孫寶玲,《聖經詮釋的意義和實踐》,聖經研究系列(香港:建道神學院,</span><span lang="">2008</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">劉偉倫和董牧群</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span face="">〈</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">倪柝聲之釋經原則初探</span><span face="">〉</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,《基督成長生命:現代中國本土基督教神學之發展論文集(</span><span lang="">2013</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">現代中國本土基督教神學之發展學術研討會論文集》(臺灣:聖經資源中心,</span><span lang="">2013</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">4</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">6</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">特雷耶(</span><span lang="">Daniel J. Treier</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),《聖經的神學詮釋》,紀榮智譯,聖經研究叢書(香港:天道書樓,</span><span lang="">2010</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),</span><span lang="">51</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">近年許多學者從研究頭六世紀教父時期(</span><span lang="">apostolic age</span><span face="">)之著作時,整理出教父釋經的一些共通主題和特徵:(一)確信神當下的實在;(二)假定統一的敘事;(三)堅持信仰準則; (四)聖經乃一既多元又統一的整體;(五)經文有本身的『歷史』意義,但又是『為我們而存在』;
(六)經文是奧祕;(七)聖經乃一本關於基督的書,因而是單一的故事,故而有『寓意的必然性』。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">(特雷耶,</span><span lang="">50-51</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">對於教父釋經的中心準則,特雷耶更引哈恩歸納道:『焦點是神拯救受造物的行動。這故事以基督為中心,透過寓意法連接不同時期的經文,特別是舊約和新約,令視聖經為一本書來閱讀成為可能甚至必須。而目的不單是認識連接經文的事件,而是投入事件中:經文把我們連繫到拯救事件或『奧祕』,特別是透過參與教會的聖禮生命。』(</span><span lang="">51</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">詳參</span><span lang="">Brian E. Daley, <i>Is Patristic Exegesis Still
Usable? Reflections on the Early Christian Interpretation of the Psalms,
Communio </i>29 (Spring 2002): 194-204</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="">Robert Louis Wilken, <i>The Spirit of
Early Christian Thought: Seeking the Face of God </i>(New Haven: Yale
University Press, 2003), chap. 3, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="">“The
Face of God for Now, 50-79</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">及</span><span lang="">Scott Hahn, <i>Letter and Spirit:</i> From
Written Text to Living Word in the Liturgy (New York: Doubleday, 2005), chap.
2, “Defining Terms, “ 13-32.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">7</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">58-61</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。參</span><span lang="">O’Keefe and Reno, <i>Sanctified Vision, </i>70</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">27-28</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">亞歷山大學派的代表人物之一為俄利根</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="">Origen</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">182-254</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">30-31</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">7</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">56</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">註</span><span lang="">19</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。詳參</span><span lang="">Daniel J. Treier, <i>The Superiority of
Pre-Critical Exegesis? Sic et Non, Trinity Journal </i>24 (2003): 80-81, 94-97</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">及</span><span lang="">Charles Kannengiesser, ed., <i>Handbook
of Patristic Exegesis: The Bible in Ancient Christianity </i>(Leiden: Brill,
2006)</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><i><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">42-43</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">45-46</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">;同註</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">56</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Augustine, <i>De Doctrina Christiana III,
</i>23</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">32</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">奧古斯丁採納了與他同年代之北非多納徒派(</span><span lang="">Donatists</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)神學家泰科尼厄斯(</span><span lang="">Tyconius</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)(活躍於</span><span lang="">370-390</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年)的寓意釋經原則。泰氏在他最著名的著作《論規則</span><span lang="">(the Seven rules of
interpretation (for the Bible)</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">》中提出七大釋經原則,作為解讀基督教典籍中晦澀不明處的向度。這些原則影響了奧古斯丁,使他在其《論基督教教義》也引用到(</span><i><span lang="">De Doctrina Christiana</span></i><span lang="">,<i> III</i>, 42-56</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">33</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">綜合奧古斯丁的釋經原則,可歸納如下:(一)聖經詮釋者必須有真誠的基督徒信仰;(二)詮釋聖經時應該先從歷史和文字的意義解釋起;(三)經文的含義可以不止一種,寓意解經法是合宜的,其詮釋準則乃是愛;(四)聖經中的數字都有其屬靈意義;(五)舊約和新約都是以論到基督為中心;(六)解經者的任務是要把原作者的意思正確解出,而非把他讀入;(七)解經時必須參照信仰類比(</span><span lang="">analogy of faith</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),即信仰準則,不能使解釋與正統信仰牴觸,並且要加上愛。愛與信仰類比乃是兩個解經的管制原則;(八)解經時必須考量及經文的上下文及其他論到同一主題的經文;(九)不確定意義的經文不用作建立正統信仰;(十)不可讓聖靈完全代替詮釋者自身的學問知識;(十一)含意不明的經節應對含意清楚的經節讓步;(十二)經文的解釋不可互相衝突。神的啟示是和諧一致,也是漸進的,必須注意其時代差別。(同註</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">32-34</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">4</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">118</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。參</span><span lang="">Anthony N. S. Lane, <i>Scripture,
Tradition and Church: An Historical Survey, Vox Evangelical</i> 9 (1975),
37-55, 40-42</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">47</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="color: red; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">麥格夫(</span><span lang="">Alister E. McGrath</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),《宗教改革運動思潮增訂版》,蔡錦圖、陳佐人譯,歷史神學叢書(香港:基道出版社,</span><span lang="">2006</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),</span><span lang="">201-204</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="" style="color: red; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">路德的解經原則包括:(一)聖經是神所默示的,故釋經者必須用屬靈的方法來的研究聖經;</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(二)聖經是最高的權威,超越教會的權威;(三)以字義的原則取代中世紀經院學派的四重釋經體系,要查考原文,注意經文的文法、上下文和背景;(四)一個敬虔有能力的基督徒能夠了解聖經的意思,足以詮釋聖經,不需求助教會的不成文傳統,應該『以經解經』;(五)整本聖經的中心是論到基督,故詮釋聖經的最終目標是要找到基督;(六)釋經時要分辨聖經中的律法和福音。(同註</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">45-48</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。參</span><span lang="">R. F. Surburg, <i>The
Significance of Luther’s Hermeneutics for the Protestant Reformation, </i>Concordia
Theological Monthly, 24:241-261, April, 1953. Farrar, op. cit., p.326ff</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">48-49</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">72</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">4</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">154</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">67</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">4</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">198-199</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">4</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">240-253</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">4</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">253-270</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">101-106</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">;同註</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">53-57</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[32]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">142-143</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">4</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">398-399</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">;同註</span><span lang="">5</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">205</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">217</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">4</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">431-433</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">47-48</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">54</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">45</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">71</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。參</span><span lang="">Calvin, <i>Institutes
of the Christian Religion</i>, 1.7.5</span><span face="">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref39" name="_ftn39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">88</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref40" name="_ftn40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">69</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref41" name="_ftn41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[41]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="color: red;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">從神學的角度而言,建立在本文批判與歷史批判上的自由主義神學所強調的『歷史的耶穌(</span><span lang="">Historical Jesus</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)』既然否認了耶穌的神性(耶穌只是一個歷史人物而不是神),也自然的否定了『詮釋聖經需要聖靈(神)的光照」這件事也被排除在外,因為聖靈也不再是神了。另,由於在自由主義的視角下,聖經不再是『神的諭言』,而是一部『文學作品』,甚至是『錯誤百出文學作品』,以致於非基督徒也可以參與到聖靈的釋經工作中;聖靈在釋經工作中的地位基本上已經被完全否定。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref42" name="_ftn42" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[42]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">《一封公開信—衆地方召會與水流職事站關於李常受之教導的陳明》,</span><span lang="">2013</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,取自</span><span lang=""><a href="http://an-open-letter.org/ch/">http://an-open-letter.org/ch/</a></span><span style="font-family: , serif;">(引用日期</span><span lang="">30-8-2014</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">);另參《地方教會的信仰和實行》(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">1984</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),</span><span lang="">2</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref43" name="_ftn43" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[43]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">倪柝聲,《讀經之路》(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">1999</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),</span><span lang="">3-4</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref44" name="_ftn44" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[44]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">同註</span><span lang="">43</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">3-4</span><span face="">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref45" name="_ftn45" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[45]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">43</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">5-6</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref46" name="_ftn46" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[46]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">43</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">9-12</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref47" name="_ftn47" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[47]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">43</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">17-22</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref48" name="_ftn48" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[48]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">43</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">22-25</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref49" name="_ftn49" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[49]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">43</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">25-35</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref50" name="_ftn50" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[50]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">同註</span><span lang="">43</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">36-66</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref51" name="_ftn51" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[51]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">43</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">81</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref52" name="_ftn52" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[52]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">5</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">207-212</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref53" name="_ftn53" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[53]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">倪柝聲,《倪柝聲文集》</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">第</span><span lang="">1</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">輯第</span><span lang="">3</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">冊(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">2004</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),</span><span lang="">180</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref54" name="_ftn54" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[54]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="">
</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">倪柝聲,《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="">1</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">輯第</span><span lang="">7</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">冊(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">2004</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),</span><span lang="">356</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang="" style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref55" name="_ftn55" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[55]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">同註</span><span lang="">53</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">140</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref56" name="_ftn56" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[56]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">同註</span><span lang="">43</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">138-139</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref57" name="_ftn57" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[57]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="">
</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">倪柝聲,</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">《倪柝聲文集》</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">第</span><span lang="">3</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">輯第</span><span lang="">9</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">冊(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">2004</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),</span><span lang="">294</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。另參</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">同註</span><span lang="">43</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">158</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref58" name="_ftn58" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[58]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">李常受,</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">《長老訓練》第</span><span lang="">4</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">冊(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">1996</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),</span><span lang="">11</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang="" style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref59" name="_ftn59" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[59]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="">
</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">李常受,《希伯來生命讀經》(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">1998</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),</span><span lang="">370-371</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref60" name="_ftn60" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[60]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">李常受,《神人》(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">1995</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),</span><span lang="">70-71</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref61" name="_ftn61" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[61]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="">
</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">同註</span><span lang="">53</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">48-49</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref62" name="_ftn62" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[62]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">倪柝聲,</span><span face="">《倪柝聲文集》</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">第</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">輯第</span><span lang="">4</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">冊(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">2004</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),</span><span lang="">261</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span face="">。<span lang="" style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref63" name="_ftn63" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[63]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="">
</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">同註</span><span lang="">54</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">168</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">;李常受,《完全明白神的話》(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">1987</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),</span><span lang="">16-17</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref64" name="_ftn64" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[64]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">203-211</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref65" name="_ftn65" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[65]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">聖經中的數字、地理、人名和文學形式等,都有它的獨特意義,一些有其象徵意義,故地方召會處理它們時也遵從一定的解釋法則。礙於篇幅關係,不在此一一詳述,詳參</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">同註</span><span lang="">53</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">156</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">及</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">同註</span><span lang="">43</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">135-137</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span face="" lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref66" name="_ftn66" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[66]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">預表是指新舊兩約之間的某些人、事或物,在形式上或觀念上存有某些類似之處。舊約的人、事或物稱為預表(</span><span lang="">type</span><span face="">),新約的稱為本體。這種類似關係是真實的且是指定的(</span><span lang="">designed</span><span face="">),而一些預表在聖經中是明言地指定的,一些則可從明言推論的。(同註</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">203-212</span><span face="">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref67" name="_ftn67" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[67]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> O’Keefe and Reno, <i>Sanctified Vision, </i>69</span><span face="">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『如里昂主教愛任紐乃早期教會在確定新約「正典」過程中最重要的人物,他確立了四福音的正典地位,而認證方法是訴諸於舊約權威。這對於建立基督教的自我定義,乃是決定性的因素。』(特雷耶,</span><span lang="">40</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref68" name="_ftn68" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[68]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;">同註</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">43</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">108-112</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;">;另參</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;">李常受,《聖經的四要素-基督、那靈、生命、召會》(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">1996</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;">),</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">154-55</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">;</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">《出埃及記生命讀經》(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">2005</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">),</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">1856-1860</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">)。</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref69" name="_ftn69" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[69]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="">
</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">李常受,《完全明白神的話》(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">1987</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),</span><span lang="">35-36</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref70" name="_ftn70" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[70]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;">四個時代為法前時代、律法時代、恩典時代與國度時代。礙於篇幅所限,關於地方召會與弟兄會神學差異比較,本文不在此詳述。可</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;">參李常受,《完全明白神的話》(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">1987</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;">),</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">38</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">41-43</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">51-52</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">54-55</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref71" name="_ftn71" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[71]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">本文不在此詳述地方召會</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">的救贖論</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。詳</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">參李常受著,《神救恩生機的一面》(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">2004</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),</span><span lang="">8-11</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">;《新約總論》第</span><span lang="">1</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">冊:《神》(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">1999</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),</span><span lang="">166-168</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">;《新約總論》第</span><span lang="">5</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">冊:《信徒(一)》(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">2004</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),</span><span lang="">143-147</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">;《新約總論》第</span><span lang="">6</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">冊:《信徒(二)》(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">2005</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),</span><span lang="">476-510</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref72" name="_ftn72" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[72]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">《啟示的傳承—李常受著述並其與倪柝聲路線關係研討會》(香港:香港真理書房,</span><span lang="">2009</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),</span><span lang="">18-25</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref73" name="_ftn73" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[73]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">余潔麟,</span><span face="">〈</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">神學與神的經綸</span><span face="">〉</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,《肯定與否定》第</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">卷第</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">期(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">1998</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),</span><span lang="">3-4</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">6</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">10</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref74" name="_ftn74" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[74]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">同註</span><span lang="">43</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">115-116</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">159</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。另參</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">李常受,《長老訓練》第</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">冊(臺灣:臺灣福音書房),</span><span lang="">1990</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">55</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">58-61</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref75" name="_ftn75" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[75]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">『教會』</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="">church</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span face="">,希臘文</span><span lang="">ekklesia</span><span face="">,意即召出來,用以指召出來的會眾。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">地方召會認為</span><span face="">中文最好譯作為召會更達意。在地方召會出版物中,『召會』一辭與『教會』相通。在本文亦同。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref76" name="_ftn76" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[76]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"> </span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">李常受,《長老訓練》第</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">3</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">冊(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">1990</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">),</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">62-65</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">。另參李常受,《馬太福音生命讀經》(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">1996</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">)</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">1</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">4</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">);李常受,《聖經的四要素-基督、那靈、生命、召會》(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">1996</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;">),</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">174-175</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref77" name="_ftn77" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[77]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">李常受,《長老訓練》第</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">冊(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">1990</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),</span><span lang="">65-68</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref78" name="_ftn78" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[78]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">李常受,《長老訓練》第</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">冊(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">1990</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),</span><span lang="">108</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref79" name="_ftn79" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[79]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">李常受,《聖經的基本啟示》(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">1989</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref80" name="_ftn80" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[80]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob%27s_Ladder">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob%27s_Ladder</a>,
2014/9/9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref81" name="_ftn81" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[81]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <a href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/genesis/28-12.htm">http://biblehub.com/commentaries/genesis/28-12.htm</a>,
2014/9/9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref82" name="_ftn82" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[82]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <a href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/genesis/28-18.htm">http://biblehub.com/commentaries/genesis/28-18.htm</a>,
2014/9/9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref83" name="_ftn83" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[83]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">李常受,《創世記生命讀經》,第</span><span lang="">68</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">69</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">篇(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">1996</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref84" name="_ftn84" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[84]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span lang="">Augustine,
<i>Tractates on the Gospel of John</i>, Tractate 9); available from </span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1701009.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1701009.htm</a></span><span lang="">(cited 30 </span><span lang="EL">Α</span><span lang="">ug, 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref85" name="_ftn85" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[85]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span lang="">Augustine,
<i>Tractates on the Gospel of John</i>, Tractate 8); available from </span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1701008.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1701008.htm</a></span><span lang="">(cited 30 </span><span lang="EL">Α</span><span lang="">ug, 2014)</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">;同註</span><span lang="">84</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn86">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref86" name="_ftn86" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[86]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">見附表。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn87">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref87" name="_ftn87" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[87]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">見附表。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn88">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref88" name="_ftn88" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[88]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">見附表。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref89" name="_ftn89" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[89]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">見附表。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn90">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref90" name="_ftn90" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[90]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">見附表。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn91">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref91" name="_ftn91" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[91]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span lang="">John Nelson
Darby<i>, Synopsis of the Bible</i>, John 2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span lang="">; available from </span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.christnotes.org/commentary.php?com=drby&b=43&c=2">http://www.christnotes.org/commentary.php?com=drby&b=43&c=2</a></span><span lang="">(cited 30 </span><span lang="EL">Α</span><span lang="">ug, 2014)</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><i><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref92" name="_ftn92" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[92]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">見約二</span><span lang="">23</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,三</span><span lang="">2</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,四</span><span lang="">54</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,六</span><span lang="">2</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">14</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">26</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">30</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,七</span><span lang="">31</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,九</span><span lang="">16</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,十</span><span lang="">41</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,十一</span><span lang="">47</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,十二</span><span lang="">18</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">37</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,二十</span><span lang="">30</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn93">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref93" name="_ftn93" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[93]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">李常受,《</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">約翰福音生命讀經</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">》,第</span><span lang="">6</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">篇(臺灣:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">2002</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),</span><span lang="">75-89</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref94" name="_ftn94" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[94]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">同註</span><span lang="">7</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">11-15</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn95">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref95" name="_ftn95" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[95]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">同註</span><span lang="">7</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">24-44</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref96" name="_ftn96" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[96]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">原句『</span><span lang="">In necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas</span><span face="">』</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,相傳為奧古斯丁所言,但未能確定。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref97" name="_ftn97" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[97]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">271</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn98">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref98" name="_ftn98" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[98]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span lang="">Calvin,
</span><i><span lang="">Commentary on
John</span></i><span lang="">, John
2:1-11); available from </span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/calcom34.viii.i.html">http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/calcom34.viii.i.html</a></span><span lang="">(cited 30 </span><span lang="EL">Α</span><span lang="">ug, 2014).<span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn99">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref99" name="_ftn99" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[99]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span lang="">Matthew
Henry, </span><i><span lang="">Commentary
on the Whole Bible</span></i><span lang="">, John 2); available from </span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/matthew-henry-complete/john/2.html">http://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/matthew-henry-complete/john/2.html</a></span><span lang="">(cited 30 </span><span lang="EL">Α</span><span lang="">ug, 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn100">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref100" name="_ftn100" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[100]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span lang="">John
Gill, </span><i><span lang="">Exposition
of the Entire Bible</span></i><span lang="">, John 2) ;available from
</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/gills-exposition-of-the-bible/john-2/">http://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/gills-exposition-of-the-bible/john-2/</a></span><span lang="">(cited 30 </span><span lang="EL">Α</span><span lang="">ug, 2014).<span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn101">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref101" name="_ftn101" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[101]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">91</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn102">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref102" name="_ftn102" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[102]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> </span><span face="">李常受,</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">《新約恢復本》,約翰福音</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">章</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">節註</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn103">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref103" name="_ftn103" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[103]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">98</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn104">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref104" name="_ftn104" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[104]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">99</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn105">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref105" name="_ftn105" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[105]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">100</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn106">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref106" name="_ftn106" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[106]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">91</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn107">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref107" name="_ftn107" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[107]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">102</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,約翰福音</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">章</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">節註</span><span lang="">2-3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn108">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref108" name="_ftn108" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[108]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">85</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="" style="color: red; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn109">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref109" name="_ftn109" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[109]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">98</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn110">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref110" name="_ftn110" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[110]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">99</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn111">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref111" name="_ftn111" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[111]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">99</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn112">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref112" name="_ftn112" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[112]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">99</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn113">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref113" name="_ftn113" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[113]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">100</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn114">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref114" name="_ftn114" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[114]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">100</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref115" name="_ftn115" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[115]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">91</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn116">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref116" name="_ftn116" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[116]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">102</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,約翰福音</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">章</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">節註</span><span lang="">4</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn117">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref117" name="_ftn117" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[117]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">98</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn118">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref118" name="_ftn118" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[118]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">99</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn119">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref119" name="_ftn119" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[119]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">99</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn120">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref120" name="_ftn120" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[120]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">100</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn121">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref121" name="_ftn121" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[121]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">91</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn122">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref122" name="_ftn122" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[122]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">102</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,約翰福音</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">章</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">節註</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref123" name="_ftn123" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[123]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="">
</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">同註</span><span lang="">87</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">85</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang="" style="color: red; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn124">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref124" name="_ftn124" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[124]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">79</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn125">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref125" name="_ftn125" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[125]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">92</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn126">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref126" name="_ftn126" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[126]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">93</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref127" name="_ftn127" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[127]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">93</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn128">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref128" name="_ftn128" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[128]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">94</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn129">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref129" name="_ftn129" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[129]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">同註</span><span lang="">96</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,約翰福音</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">章</span><span lang="">4</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">節註</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn130">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref130" name="_ftn130" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[130]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="">
</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">同註</span><span lang="">87</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">88</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang="" style="color: red; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn131">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref131" name="_ftn131" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[131]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">79</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref132" name="_ftn132" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[132]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">78</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="" style="color: red; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn133">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref133" name="_ftn133" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[133]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">92</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="" style="background: rgb(217, 217, 217); mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto; mso-shading: white;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn134">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref134" name="_ftn134" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[134]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">93</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref135" name="_ftn135" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[135]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">93</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref136" name="_ftn136" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[136]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">94</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn137">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref137" name="_ftn137" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[137]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">94</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn138">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref138" name="_ftn138" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[138]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">96</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,約翰福音</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">章</span><span lang="">6</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">節註</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn139">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref139" name="_ftn139" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[139]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">96</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,約翰福音</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">章</span><span lang="">6</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">節註</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn140">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref140" name="_ftn140" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[140]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">96</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,約翰福音</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">章</span><span lang="">7</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">節註</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn141">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref141" name="_ftn141" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[141]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">78</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn142">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref142" name="_ftn142" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[142]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">92</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn143">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref143" name="_ftn143" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[143]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">93</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn144">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref144" name="_ftn144" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[144]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">94</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn145">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref145" name="_ftn145" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[145]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">同註</span><span lang="">96</span><span face="">,</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">約翰福音</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">章</span><span lang="">6</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">節註</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn146">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref146" name="_ftn146" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[146]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">79</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn147">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref147" name="_ftn147" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[147]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">78</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn148">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref148" name="_ftn148" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[148]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">92</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn149">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref149" name="_ftn149" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[149]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">92</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn150">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref150" name="_ftn150" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[150]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">93</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="" style="color: red; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn151">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref151" name="_ftn151" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[151]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">93</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="" style="color: red; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn152">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref152" name="_ftn152" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[152]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">94</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="" style="color: red; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn153">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref153" name="_ftn153" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[153]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">85</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn154">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref154" name="_ftn154" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[154]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">同註</span><span lang="">93</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">77</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn155">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref155" name="_ftn155" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[155]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">98</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn156">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref156" name="_ftn156" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[156]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">99</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref157" name="_ftn157" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[157]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同註</span><span lang="">100</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/brian%20chiu/Dropbox/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/Hermenuetics/%E5%BE%9E%E9%87%8B%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_20140912.docx#_ftnref158" name="_ftn158" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[158]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="">
</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">同註</span><span lang="">93</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">92</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-7650583483285180382015-06-13T06:11:00.003-07:002023-02-14T18:55:43.850-08:00歷史神學系列〈1〉:從本色化角度探評倪柝聲對中國教會本土化的影響<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><div><span style="font-family: , serif;"> </span>湃 恩</div><div><span><br /><br /></span></div>
<b><span face="" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">第一章</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16pt;"> </span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">緒論</span></b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">第一節、研究動機與目的</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">中國教會本土化</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">雖早於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1870</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代正式提出,但一直缺乏一套整全、合符聖經及中國宣教處境的本土化教會論。相當學者已研究並認同,被稱為『中國教會三大巨人』之一的倪柝聲,</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">對近代中國信徒的言教與身教,以及對中國教會本土化之影響與貢獻。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">可惜,對倪氏教會本土化實踐成功與其教會論之間關係的探討和分析並不多。故本文旨在從歷史向度論證兩者間的關係:先追溯中國教會本土化的歷史沿革,然後探討在</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1920</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代本土化的呼聲中,各種不同的自立教會模式及其理念和實踐。接著,聚焦在倪氏身上,從他的成長與時代背景,分析影響其教會論的歷史因素,並綜覽和評論其教會論如何實踐『三自原則』,以解釋他在歷史上走出本土化成功之路,以及</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1970</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代中國教會復興的内在原因。最後,從本色化角度,評論倪氏在中國教會歷史上對推動教會本土化的影響、貢獻及獻議。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 14pt;">第二節、解釋與定義</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">本文探討對象:聚焦於倪柝聲,時期在他盡職時期(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1922</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">至</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1952</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),並重在</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1920</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代『非基督教運動』前後的歷史發展脈胳。本文以</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1920</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代為『中國教會自立運動』起始的標誌性年代。詳細關於本文研究的對象、時期、範圍與方法見註。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">按林治平定義</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">,對本土化一般存有兩種不同的理解,</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">一種的觀點乃重『文化的』本土化,是外來文化在中國文化語境中落地生根,結合產生的新的文化成果。另一種的觀點乃重在『人』的本土化,其標誌在於由中國人建立自己的教會,實行自治、自養、自傳的</span><b><span style="font-family: , serif;">『</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">三自</span><b><span style="font-family: , serif;">』</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">原則。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">本文取<u>後者的定義</u>為準,並</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">皆用『教會本土化』稱之;前者</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">『文化的』本土化則</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">稱作『神學本色化』,以作區別。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">本文其他定義如『中國教會自立運動』、『三自原則』、『家庭教會』見註。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">第二章</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16pt;"> </span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">中國教會本土化的歷史發展及當代呼聲</span></b><span lang="" style="color: #00b050; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">歷史發展</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">縱觀教會歷史,以『三自』原則來建立本土化教會的模式,可以追源溯始到新約使徒時期的教會。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">第一節、新約中教會建立的模式</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">五旬節聖靈的降臨產生了第一處本地教會</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">—</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">耶路撒冷教會。使徒們帶領耶路撒冷教會,承擔耶穌所託付的使命(太二八</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">19</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">20</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),要將福音要傳遍全地(徒一</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">8</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。耶穌吩咐福音要由教會來傳播,並由耶路撒冷為起始。這可視是為教會首次被賦予『自傳』的工作(參徒二</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">42</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,六</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">4</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。不久,因福音的傳揚,這本地教會(耶路撒冷)的人數漸多,就有治理的需要(徒六</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。於是使徒們在本地教會中揀選合適人選,負責管理教會的事務,他們成了耶路撒冷教會歷史上的第一批的執事(參徒六</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">3</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),讓他們自已治理自已</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">—</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">『自治』,而使徒們則專注禱告和傳福音的工作(徒六</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">4</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。信徒聚在一處,使徒們的供給,則由大家共同分擔,凡物公用,(參徒二</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">44</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">~</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">45</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">—</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">『自養』。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[9]</span><!--[endif]--></span></a></div>
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"></span><span style="font-family: , serif;"> 當福音傳到外邦世界,教會在羅馬帝國被建立時,我們在新約能繼續看到這以『三自』原則之建立本土化教會的模式。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><sup><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[10]</span><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><sup><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></sup></a>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">第二節、『三自』原則的緣起</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">自公元</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">7</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">世紀教會在中國首次建立起,教會本土化的呼聲就從沒有停止過,而『三自原則』一直被視為教會本土化的原則。追溯『三自』原則的歷史緣起,最早在</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">19</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">世紀普世宣教運動的時期,由兩位宣教策略專家,英國的亨利</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">·</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">范恩(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Henry Venn</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1796-1873</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)和美國的盧夫</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">·</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">安德生(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Rufus Anderson</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1796-1880</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1877</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年在中國上海召開第一次的宣教會議中提出。他們檢討了當時中國敎會自立的進展並反省他們所扮演的角色後,鼓勵中國教會從『自養』(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">self-supporting</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)為開始,然後本地教會自行按立牧者,並逐步達至『自治』(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">self-governing</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)和『自傳』(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">self-propagating</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。最後,宣教士和差會就可完全地撤出。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">『三自原則』提出不久,就有宣教士將原則應用在他們最初的宣教實踐上。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">19</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">世紀因著普世宣教運動的不斷發展,宣教差會及宣教士大都認同本地教會應該歸屬本身國家的教會,實現自治、自養和自傳。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">宣教士的主要責任不是維持一個當地教會,而是要盡快讓教會能自立,訓練當地的傳道人接手維持教會的職責。從</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1877</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年至</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1922</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年,在華宣教士舉行的四次大會的記錄來看,宣教士的討論漸從各宗派建立之教會間的合一問題,轉移到神學本色化和教會本土化的兩大問題。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">第三節、近代中國教會本土化的發展</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">民國成立前後,開始出現了一些自立教會,如</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1881</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年席勝魔建立的『福音堂』和</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1906</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年俞國楨牧師發起『中國耶穌教自立會』。這些年間以自治自養為目標的教會,在中國各地獲得很多信徒響應,其</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">自立模式可分三種:(一)閩南教會之自立模式(宣教差會支援);(二)上海教會之自立模式(本土民族意識為本)和(三)華北教會之自立模式(宗派聯合)。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: , serif;">小結與反思</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">儘管在</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1877</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年的宣教大會前已有不少本土化的嘗試,</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">而該大會也正式提出『三自』原則該成為基督教的宣教策略,</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">可惜至</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1920</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代前,中國教會本土化卻從未能真正具體落實。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">回望歷史,為何近</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">50</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年中國教會都不能自立?甚麼因素阻礙了教會自立?</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">首先,至</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1920</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代前,差會和海外教會乘著帝國主義的雨傘之便,建立了相當成功的宣教事業,外面看似成功,</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">可是,年青本土信徒的培養一直不足,未能承接龐大的宣教事業。其次,一些西教士長期抱著的西方優越感,難捨對條約保護下的優惠,使得教會未能實際將其領導權交給予本地信徒。結果,教會權力轉讓的進展在</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1920</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代前仍是相當緩慢。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">這些因素導致了進入</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1920</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代教會面對民族主義而起的抗議時,面臨極大的困難。教會是否時候提出一套完備整全,既合乎聖經,也適合中國的宣教工場,以建立並組織真正自立教會的『教會論』?</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">當代呼聲</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">進入</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1920</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代,中國教會本土化的進展有了大轉變。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1922</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">至</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1927</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年間全國爆發了一連串多波『反基督教運動』,迫使教會要面對教會本土化,催生了</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">『中國本土教會自立』運動。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" title=""><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[20]</span><!--[endif]--></sup></span></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 14pt;">第四節、『反基督教運動』的背景和過程</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">『反基督教運動』是由中國知識界眾多派別於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1922</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">到</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1927</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年發動的一場反帝國主義運動,運動大致分兩個階段:</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">第一階段是</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1922</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">2</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">月至</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">6</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">月。導火線是</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1922</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年『世界基督教學生同盟』引起了一批上海學生成立『反基督教學生同盟』。該反基同盟指出,基督教毒害麻醉國民,宣稱『有宗教可無人類,有人類應無宗教。』,並斥責基督教煽惑學生青年,傳教途徑無所不用其極,利用教育、醫療、社會服務等利誘國民相信基督教。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" title=""><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[21]</span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">第一階段持續時間不長,在『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">世界基督教學生同盟』第十一次大會結束後不久,運動便大致平復下來。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">第二階段是從</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1924 </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">4 </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">月至</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1927 </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">5 </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">月。在這階段,運動從理論批判發展到政治行動。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> 1925</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">5</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">月</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">30</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">日發生的『五卌慘案』,使舉國掀起反帝國主義浪潮,排外情緒越趨激烈,很多外國傳教士因此被迫離開,教會學校被迫關門。通過此次運動,最後收回了教育權。這一連串多波的全國運動要到</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1927</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年,隨著國民政府的政策改變,才大體平息。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">總體而言,導致反基運動爆發的原因在於:(一)自</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">18</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">世紀末起在中國一直蘊讓的民族主義(愛國主義)興起;(二)伴隨的『新文化運動』及(三)從西方來的懷疑主義和不可知論的批判宗教態度,(四)加上從俄國來共產主義的反宗教元素。這些思想都為中國海外留學生及本土學生所接觸和接受,他們的情緒在被煽動下造成了騷亂。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 14pt;">第五節、『反基督教運動』的影嚮</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">反基督教運動期間,教會被指為帝國主義侵略的工具。基督徒應站在那一邊?面對社會上對基督教『去「洋教」化』的挑戰,教會必須與帝國主義劃清界線,脫去外國的性質。當時中國教會提出兩個運動來回應:(一)神學本色化,和(二)教會本土化。前者著重在神學思想方面,興起基督信仰與中國文化的討論;</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">後者則著重教會在治理和踐行使命方面,由全華人管理及組織教會的發展。二者的目標都是期望中國教會最終脫離『洋教』的指責。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">反基督教運動期間,許多外來的傳教士紛紛由內地往沿海的省分撤退,造成這個時期差會的事業衰退,卻使本土自立教會乘時而起,</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" title=""><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[27]</span><!--[endif]--></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">較大型的如中華基督教會、耶穌家庭、真耶穌教會、地方教會(基督徒聚會處)等,它們都是在</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1920</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代前後建立的。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28" title=""><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[28]</span><!--[endif]--></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">可見,這時期的中國教會自立運動,比以往歷代都快速和成功。無疑,反基督教運動對中國教會發展是一個挫折,但卻加速了中國教會本土化進展。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">第六節、對教會本土化的不同的理解與實踐</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">進入</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1920</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年代,許多宗派教會亦相互合併成為新的教會,並冠以『中華』二字。雖然未能完全脫離各自差會的從屬關係,但已經邁向『自治、自養』的正確方向。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這些本土教會的自立政策,乃融合舊的聖經道理及新的民族觀念,以逃避與『西方帝國主義』有所關連的惡名。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">幾種教會本土化模式</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1920</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年代前後有相當中國教會領袖嘗試尋找合適中國的本色化教會模式。現簡要介紹數個本土化教會及其實踐特點:</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">1. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 14pt;">中國耶穌教自立會</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">由中國本土牧師俞國楨(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1852-1932</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1906</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年在上海創立。他們主張與西差會完全分開,不受西差會管轄,以確立自立會的獨立性,消除教外人以為信教使人不再愛國的誤會。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30" title=""><sup><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[30]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在早期自立運動中,自立會最早且最徹底地實現自治;雖然經濟困難,但努力實現自養。自立會帶動了中國基督教自立潮流的形成和發展。他們也是最關心社會熱點問題,最熱忱參與社會變革和公益事業,最早提出收回教育權。其著眼點在改變教會的政治面貌,具有鮮明的政治色彩。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">2. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 14pt;">基督徒會堂</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">創辦人王明道(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1900-1991</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),自</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">14</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">歲時信主起就參加倫敦會聚會。但他看到很多教會的腐敗,對西教士建立的差會教會感到非常失望,覺得需要建立全新的中國自立教會,盼望可以徹底改革教會的流弊。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32" title=""><sup><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[32]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> 1927</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年,他在北京建立基督徒會堂,成為自立教會的典型。在自治上,王氏嚴格主張政教分離,絕口不談政治,認定宗教和政治毫無關係。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33" title=""><sup><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[33]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">他提倡並實行教會完全自立,各教會不該與其他教會合作,各宗派各自運作。在自養上,由於教會沒有僱傭制度,所以沒有自養的問題。故與其他西差會轉變為獨立,由自養、到自治、自傳的進程不同。在自傳上,他們不靠西方的傳教士而是自己來傳道。其發展是從自傳開始,因聚會人數增多,才籌備教會,自理會務。對於本色神學,王氏反對神學本色化,認為中國傳統文化被罪惡捆綁,不贊成神學與西方文化或中國文化融合。教會只能聖經化,不能歪曲聖經迎合華人文化。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">3. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 14pt;">耶穌家庭</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">耶穌家庭由敬奠瀛(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1890-1957</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)創立,位於山東泰安的馬莊,原屬差會美以美會,後脫離並建立徹底實行三自的教會。在自養上,耶穌家庭仿照行傳第二章中記載的初期教會的做法,實行凡物公用,取消私有財產。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">各地耶穌家庭內部都各自設立不同的勞動部門,如農工、事務、石工、木工、鐵工等部、以及醫院、學校等,欲發展成為一個門類齊全、自給自足的小型群體。在自治上,耶穌家庭不設牧師,而以『家長』代之。各地的耶穌家庭(『小家』)均尊泰安馬莊的耶穌家庭為『老家』,尊敬奠瀛為『老人』,為最高的權威。到</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1949</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年全國將近</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">200</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">多個這樣的耶穌家庭。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">4. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 14pt;">真耶穌教會</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">真耶穌教會由張靈生(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1863-?</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)、張巴拿巴(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1882-1961</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)和魏保羅(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1877-1919</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)在</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1910</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年代中建立,他們原是西差會信徒,受聖靈感動,前後離開自己的西差會,聯手創立具追求靈恩傾向的真耶穌教會。後來又在北京發行《萬國更正教報》免費贈送並且發行各省,建立了教會的根基。魏保羅對當時外國傳教士多有指責,主張不靠外人銀錢勢力傳教,迎合了當時日益高漲的民族意識。對於教會自治的及政教關係,真耶穌教會自成立起,不但拒絕洋人干涉教會組織、行政,也不願意以教會的影響力左右政府施政或選舉。在自治上,真耶穌教會的牧職人員,只有牧會上不同的職責,並不具有階級之分。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">5. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 14pt;">中華基督教會</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1927</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年成立的中華基督教會全國總會,也是作為教會本土化的嘗試之一。起初由長老會、公理會和倫敦會組成,盼望組成一個既合一又活出中國文化的本色教會。誠靜怡(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1881-1939</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年)被選為第一任會長。他於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1910</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代任中華續行委辦會的總幹事,曾於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1910</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年作為中國教會的代表,出席愛丁堡第一屆世界宣教大會,會上指出中國教會合一的需要,要建立一個沒有任何宗派及教派的教會。他呼籲各地協助中國教會自治自養,又認為西方的宗派不該與中國信徒有關。在自治上,中華基督教會在組織上採取四級制:最高級是全國之『總議會』,之後有省級行政區性之『大會』(或稱協會),地區性之『區會』,及基層之『堂會』。在自養和自傳上,中華基督教會訓練中國領袖代表教會,但傳教士代表差會和教會的雙重身份,以致產生很多操作上的問題。雖然聲稱是屬於中國人的教會,實際上是中西合作的運作。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: , serif;">小結與反思</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">在</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1920</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代,無論是西差會或本地教會領袖都致力尋求解決方法,積極進行教會本土化,其中的重大急務是要將教會的事務和權力,移交給中國信徒領袖,使中國教會成為真正自立的教會。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">然而,對教會本土化的理解與實踐,無論在教會與文化、政治、海外教會與差會之領導權與資金的關係上等,都各有差異,以致發展出不同的本土化教會模式。</span><span lang="" style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">第三章</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16pt;">
</span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">影響倪氏教會觀的歷史因素</span></b><span lang="" style="color: #00b050; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1920</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代為『中國教會自立運動』的真正白熱階段。這時期前後有相當多本土教會領袖出現並興起不少自立教會,倪柝聲</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">便是其中一位。他也是少數在本土興起,卻倒頭影嚮西方基督教的中國基督徒領袖。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">催使倪氏走出一條獨特的中國教會本土化的路線與他的教會觀息息相關。本段嘗試分析影響倪氏教會觀的歷史因素,可從四個層次了解:(一)個人層次:他個人成長與靈命歷程;(二)造就層次:他的屬靈成全者;(三)教會層次:當代中國教會的情形;(四)社會層次:當代中國社會政治運動。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">第一節、個人層次:成長與靈命歷程</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">倪氏性格為人認真且絕對。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">當他決志相信主並蒙召全時間事奉後,他首要面對的問題就是教會的問題,就是關於他過教會生活和事奉的問題。他見證這是在信仰上最困擾他並迫使他思考的問題。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[41]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">倪氏雖生長於基督教家庭,但對於當時中國教會傳道人和牧師留給他的印象並不好,認為許多不過是以此為從信徒或教會領薪的糊口職業;而在教會中,『教友是有名無實的太多』</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn42" name="_ftnref42" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[42]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">。他亦對許多當時許多中國教會的日常實行提出懷疑,如受洗和領聖餐的方式等,結果他重新查考聖經,並找出了他認為正確的實行方式。接著,倪氏所面對關於教會的另一問題是宗派的問題。他對當時各中國教會和來華差會的宗派主義,對教會四分五裂的情況大失所望,便積極希望從聖經尋找到關於教會的本質、實行和組織的答案。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn43" name="_ftnref43" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[43]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">第二節、造就層次:屬靈成全者</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">對倪氏的靈命成長有重大影響的,主要有兩面人物:一面是英國傳教士和受恩(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">M. E. Barber</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">);另一面是賓路易師母(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Jessie
Penn-Lewis</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),以及英國當代與開西培靈大會(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Keswick
Convention</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)和聖潔運動有關的人物</span><span style="text-indent: 32.1333px;">。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn44" name="_ftnref44" style="text-indent: 24.1pt;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[44]</span></span></span></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">和受恩對倪氏一生的靈命成長與事奉道路影響至深。她原是聖公會的傳教士,後轉為憑信心自由傳道。她深信如果福音要傳遍中國,先決條件是要栽培本地教會的中國信徒。無論在靈性或是神學上,和受恩都了給倪氏很多的指導。但最深影響倪氏的,乃是她生命上的見證,尤其她的信心生活。和受恩多年來在福州工作,完全靠信心仰望神的供應。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn45" name="_ftnref45" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[45]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">這對倪氏日後發展</span><span face="">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">地方教會</span><span face="">』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">運動時如何實踐</span><span face="">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">自養</span><span face="">』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">原則,作了寶貴的經驗借鏡。不久,倪柝聲和他周圍的一些青年人在福州街頭傳揚福音,帶來了一次很大的復興,並開始了在福州的聚會。那個聚會沒有任何差會支持,只憑信心生活。他們不接受固定的薪給、不借貸、不題捐。這種</span><span face="">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">自養</span><span face="">』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">模式的聚會,就成了日後</span><span face="">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">地方教會</span><span face="">』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">運動的雛型。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn46" name="_ftnref46" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[46]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">另一位影響倪氏屬靈觀的是賓路易。她是一位英國內裡生命派的代表人物之一,強調主觀十字架的經</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">歷和屬靈爭戰。倪氏的成聖觀,相當受著這群注重靈命追求的人物影響,這見於他的首部著作《屬靈人》</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn47" name="_ftnref47" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[47]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">但倪氏不僅從這些內裡生命派提取關於救贖論的信仰資源,他更具體地將他們成聖觀結合至他的教會論中。他認為本地的教會生活,既是信徒經驗生命成長與成聖的地方,也是靈命追求的目標,意即神所要信徒的不僅是追求個人得勝和屬靈,乃是要得著一個團體的榮耀的教會獻給祂自己。信徒操練靈命成長,追求成聖生活,是為著本地教會的建造,好能與其他信徒配搭,在本地教會一同事奉。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn48" name="_ftnref48" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[48]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">倪氏將救贖論整合至其教會論,使信徒在實踐本地教會『自養』原則時,不僅指涉教會表面的財政、人力來源等問題,更是信徒內在的信仰經驗的問題。</span><span lang="" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">第三節、教會層次:中國教會合一運動</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1920</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代以前,隨著宣教歷史越久,中國教會就越來越多宗派林立。為求更有效完成事工,各宗派一直尋求合一。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1907</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年百年大會,提出中國教會需要合一與自立這前瞻性議題。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1922</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">至</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">27</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年,三個宗派實行合一,成立了中華基督教會。到了</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1920</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代,面對日益高漲的反帝國主義而衝著教會的形勢,這合一冀望就越迫切,以面對社會的指控和衝擊。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn49" name="_ftnref49" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[49]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">剛蒙召事奉且處身當時代的倪柝聲,其最關注點之一自然也是如何實踐教會的合一。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">可是,倪氏思考教會的合一的方式,有迴當時各宗派間推動之合一運動的方式。他認為當時的合一是不過是『組織上的聯合』,雖然起首不分宗派,但仍未夠徹底,聯合裡面仍有許多宗派,不過是合一的『半路涼亭』。他認為解決宗派的問題乃是『去宗派』。按著聖經,基督徒的合一乃是『在聖靈裡的合一』,以一個基督的身體為合一的範圍。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn50" name="_ftnref50" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[50]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">對倪氏的教會觀影嚮最大莫過英國的弟兄們運動(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Brethren Movement</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)(又稱『普利茅斯弟兄會』(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Plymouth Brethren</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。這運動開始於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1820</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代後期,主要發生於愛爾蘭和英國的改革運動</span><span style="text-indent: 32.1333px;">。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn51" name="_ftnref51" style="text-indent: 24.1pt;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[51] </span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif; text-indent: 24.1pt;">和受恩曾將帶領這運動的主要人物的著作介紹給倪柝聲,使他非常欣賞這些著作。</span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">19</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">世紀的英國,啟蒙運動並沒有為歐洲帶來福樂,反而工業革命帶給多數人的盡是痛苦。原是英國聖公會牧師的達祕(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">John N. Darby</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),任職期間看見教會生活屬死的儀式、了無生氣的會眾、宗派的分門別類和層級的聖品制度,達祕等人就重新查考聖經,提出許多針對當時英國教會情形的改革。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn52" name="_ftnref52" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[52]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">同樣地,倪氏也對</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">20</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">世紀初中國傳統的教會生活,不感興趣。他在三一書院念書時,對於那種重儀式、信條的宗教氣氛沒有好感。故他致力尋找一種較為純樸的崇拜方式,不受歡繁文縟節所限制的教會生活。他發現弟兄運動所傳講的主張,正是他所追求的教會生活。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn53" name="_ftnref53" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[53]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">弟兄們運動強調</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">遵守聖經的話,</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">活出新約聖經的原則,恢復聖經裏的教會樣式,提倡在聖經真理的基礎上的合一,廢除</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">教會形式上的組織,沒有總會或分會,也沒有牧師制度,信徒以『弟兄』相稱</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。在教會論上,他們認為基督只建立了一個教會,教會不應被分裂,而合一的基礎乃是聖經,並非人的意見。在實行上,應該參照在早期教會的樣式,而非人為的傳統。此外,教會的名稱應用聖經裡的名稱,他們反對以人名命名教會。顯然,在</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1920</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代,當時中國教會的合一見證,已被西方差會的宗派主義破壞了。倪氏不願意看到西方的宗派分裂狀況繼續複製到中國。他深受達秘的影響,辭去<span lang="" style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 12pt;">衛理</span>會的會籍,重新建立一個效仿使徒時代的教會模式,期望藉此提倡一種新的教會合一的模式。倪氏正是本著這個實踐教會合一的異象,開始他的本土教會自立運動。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn54" name="_ftnref54" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[54]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 14pt;">第四節、</span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">社會層次:中國社會政治運動</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">倪柝聲成長於民國初年,適時中國內憂外患,內有軍伐割劇,外有列強虎視眈眈。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1915</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年一次世界大戰結束後引發了『山東問題』</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn55" name="_ftnref55" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[55]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">。當時知識青年關心的頭號問題是民族前途和國家圖存。年少的倪柝聲同樣深受這動盪不安的政局影響。他的學校雖然師資優良,聲譽甚高,但教師多為西教士,且學校氣氛帶有濃厚的西方色彩。到他的中學時代,正值發生</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">五四新文化運動。當時的知識分子抨擊傳統儒家思想,嘗試不同程度的西化,為國家謀求出路,救亡圖存。他在教會學校既接觸許多西方的思想,也接觸不少新文化運動的思想。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn56" name="_ftnref56" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[56]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">在反基督教運動中,基督教被指責為帝國主義的工具,視為對中國文化的侵略。在這一連串社會運動成長的倪氏,必然使他在建立教會時決心要完全擺脫外國差會的干預、資助與幫助,走出一條完全『三自』自立教會之路。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">第四章</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16pt;"> </span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲教會論中『三自原則』的實踐</span></b><span lang="" style="color: #00b050; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">倪氏在其獨特的教會觀下,對當前中國教會如何實踐『三自』原則,以建立一個真正『自立』教會的問題,提出了他認為正確的解決方案。本段嘗試列出倪氏教會觀的一些獨特點,分析倪氏如何實踐『三自原則』:</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">第一節、對於『自立』原則</span></b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">1. </span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">教會的本質</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">—</span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">本地教會與普世教會(基督的身體)是教會的一體兩面</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪氏領會教會並不是建築物,也不是人為組織或差會,而是基督的身體</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">—</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">活的生機體,包含歷代所有的真信徒,在全宇宙中只有一個,是為教會普世或宇宙的一面。另一面,教會在地方上是『蒙召出來的會眾』(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">ecclesia</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),是那獨一普世教會(基督的身體)在地上的顯出。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn57" name="_ftnref57" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[57]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">故此,本地教會不該分裂成不同宗派,建立宗派的聯合也不足,乃該是一個『超宗派』的屬靈團體。一個本地信徒相信了主後,自然就屬於該地的本地教會。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn58" name="_ftnref58" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[58]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">2. </span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">教會的界限與行政</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">—</span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">以一地一會為原則</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪氏進一步尋求本地教會的界限。他認為新約是以城為本地教會的界限(參啟一</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">11</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">20</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。他發現在聖經中沒有比城小的街教會,也沒有比城大的省教會。聖經中本地教會模式,總是以城為界限。各城的眾教會一面同為普世教會一部分,保持聖徒的相通;另一面在行政上互相獨立,各自向神直接負責任。若各地的信徒都在當地按此立場聚集,則可實現教會的合一。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn59" name="_ftnref59" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[59]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">3. </span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">教會的治理</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">—</span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">由本地教會設立的長老團治理</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪氏從新約聖經看見,本地教會並不該由當地一名主教或主任牧師,也不該由跨地方的工人來治理,而該由一個長老團來治理。這些長老們不是由外地教會差派和任命,而是由本地教會中一班老練的信徒作帶領人和監督,來照料教會一切的活動,也幫助教會所有的信徒有分於本地教會的事務。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn60" name="_ftnref60" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[60]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 11pt;">評論</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">對於『自立』的原則,倪氏提出了一個嶄新的看法:一個地方應當只有一處教會,讓同屬一個本地教會的信徒,來在一起實踐教會的合一,見證基督獨一的身體。各本地教會既同屬一個普世教會,彼此就需要保持交通,以維持普世教會的合一。而按照聖經初期教會的模式,本地教會是以『城』為其界限。倪氏相信若各宗派回到以地方的立場上,合一是可期的,並認為『一城一會』模式,是解決宗派問題的有效方法。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn61" name="_ftnref61" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[61]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">關於本地教會的治理,倪氏採取與改革宗教會同樣的長老治會觀。但他更提出了『使徒與長老分工』、『工作與教會』分開的原則:由長老們負責治理本地教會,工人們則負責跨地區的工作。這樣的治理模式,好處是在聖經中尋得理據,確立本地教會的領導權,不受於外來宗派或差會的影嚮。按此原則建立之本地教會,一開始即能獨立於外來傳入宗派背景,成為名正言順的『自立教會』,無需要一直倚賴外地的宣教團體。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn62" name="_ftnref62" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[62]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">在</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1920</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代的『非基督教運動』社會背景,以及後來共產黨的『帝國主義侵略工具』的指責中,這模式顯然較容易實現獨立自主,免卻那些指控。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">然而必須承認的是,這模式需要提供足夠時間讓本地教會信徒成熟,發展出自己的領導人,才能交出教會的治理權。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn63" name="_ftnref63" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[63]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">這何時才把領導教會的責任交予本地信徒的時候問題,其實也正是西教士和外來宣教團體難解的問題。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn64" name="_ftnref64" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[64]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">要使『自立』成事,筆者認為必須要另外兩點『自養』和『自傳』原則的配合,即要確保本地教會能維持自己,以及自我發展,方能成事。而倪氏正正在『自養』和『自傳』原則上,繼續思考發展,從聖經尋找神學依據,為中國教會提供了一個本土化的教會模式。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">第二節、對於『自養』原則</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">1. </span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">教會的牧養與事奉</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">—</span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">信徒皆祭司,沒有階級制</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪氏認為新約的祭司職任是給所有信徒的(啟一</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,彼前二</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">9</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。新約中沒有聖品階級與平信徒之分,人人都是祭司。他認為每位信徒都有不同程度上牧養和教導等恩賜。教會的聖品階級與平信徒制度,既不合乎新約的啟示,且抹煞了信徒作為基督身體上肢體的功用,故他認為教會不僅該拒絕羅馬教會的『聖品</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">-</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">平信徒』階級制,也不該實行一般更正教會的『牧師</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">-</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">平信徒』制。他甚至提倡廢除主日專供聖品階級的講臺式聚會,認為教會的一般性聚會該如林前十四章『彼此互相』性,讓本地教會每位信徒能普遍參與的聚會。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn65" name="_ftnref65" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[65]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">2. </span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">教會的工人或傳道人</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">—</span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">沒有受薪制,本地教會自養</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在教會的組織上,倪氏認為每處本地教會,財政上都是獨立的,由當地教會自行負責。不僅如此,在本地教會作傳道人或工人的,甚至不該從當地教會接受固定的受薪制度,而該照聖經的模式,收取從信徒的自由奉獻,憑信心仰望神的供給(參太六</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">31</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">~</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">33</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,使十八</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn66" name="_ftnref66" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[66]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">評論</span></b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在教會『自養』原則上,倪氏提倡將本地『教會』與外來宣教團體的『工作』劃分開來。本地教會是『地方的』,工作則是『個人的』及『跨地方的』。這樣劃清界限,可防止有野心的宣教士或團體,在植堂之後仍藉資金統管本地教會,將所植的各本地教會形成中央控制的宗派。倪氏的策略既可助避免『宗派山頭主義』的形成,也能防止本地教會在人力和財力上過度倚靠宣教團體的。當時多數在中國的宣教團體多傾向於過度興建教堂、設立學校,並要負起牧師和傳道的薪水,這對中國當時在貧窮和戰亂中的教會,實在是難以承擔的。而且一旦遇上宣教士要離去,人力和財力都要撤離後,這些教會便難以承接,無法維持正常運作。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn67" name="_ftnref67" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[67]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">相反,倪氏所提出的教會模式一反當時各大宗派的模式,提倡本地教會不需要有『禮拜堂』、受薪『牧師』、以及『主日講壇(禮拜)』,</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn68" name="_ftnref68" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[68]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">而仿照行傳的模式,憑著在家中或租用房子、信徒自由奉獻、小型相互性的聚會。這樣,相對地就較容易於當地建立能自養的本地教會。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪氏提倡廢除固定受薪制,全時間事奉者全憑信心仰望神藉本地信徒的自由奉獻支持,有助提升教會在靈性上對神信心的依靠。然而,這情況也許過於理想。雖然倪氏認為造就信徒,激勵信徒愛主而奉獻錢財是理所當然的,但一旦信徒未委身至願意奉獻,或遇戰亂、貧困,因而缺少奉獻,全時間事奉者的生活便是一個現實的問題。這點倪氏似乎並沒有仔細考慮。在此情形下,倪氏曾提出工人可仿效保羅親手『織帳棚』(徒十八</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,林前四</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">12</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,帖前四</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">11</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)供給自已的需要。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn69" name="_ftnref69" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[69]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">但工人作帶職業或作生意,卻無可避免會影<span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">響</span>對本地教會的牧養,如倪氏自已也曾因參與生化藥廠生意及任職政府,受到信徒非議,引起上海教會內風波,以致被迫停止事奉六年之久,儘管倪氏自已表示去作生意是迫於無奈的,『如同寡婦被迫再嫁。』</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn70" name="_ftnref70" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[70]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,他的同工亦見證他賺錢是為同工們的養生需要。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn71" name="_ftnref71" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[71]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">筆者認為本地教會要實行自養,實際所面對的困難往往比預期大且複雜,尤其在貧困或戰亂時,以及帶著傳道人身分的問題。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn72" name="_ftnref72" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[72]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">此外,對一處新成立的本地教會,廢除講壇實行讓每位信徒普遍參與聚會,固然理想,但也有一定困難,因為不是每位信徒都有相同程度的話語恩賜。教會必須對信徒有足夠的牧養和造就,才能使聚會豐富、有活力。故此,正如倪氏自已所言,教會的教導性或講道性的聚會,仍是不可或缺的。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn73" name="_ftnref73" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[73]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">第三節、對於『自傳』原則</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">1. </span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">教會的大使命</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">—</span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">屬本地教會,在本地實踐</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪氏認為廣傳福音,門徒化全地的使命,既是教會承接耶穌基督的一個最大託付之一,它就不該由教會以外的機構組織如差會來完成,而該是由本地教會自身完成。他從新約行傳看見有兩條傳福音的路:一是藉著差派使徒出去(徒十三</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">~</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">);一是藉著信徒的移民(八</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn74" name="_ftnref74" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[74]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">2. </span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">教會的門徒訓練</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">—</span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">屬本地教會,在本地訓練</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪氏認為工人若蒙召作主工,他們的事工如開佈道會、辦訓練等,都該是為著建立本地教會,而非建立各種機構來代替本地教會。他認為教會是以基督為中心,用以彰顯基督。基督的工人所有的工作都該以教會為中心。傳揚福音、教導聖經、造就青年信徒、辦訓練、出版文字等一切工作的目的,都是為著建立本地教會,使本地教會在當地作為耶穌基督團體的見證,為新耶路撒冷的雛型。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn75" name="_ftnref75" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[75]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">3. </span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">教會的福音信息</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">—</span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt;">以基督為中心,國度為目標,為著神永遠的計劃</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪氏認為教會所傳的福音信息乃是以基督為中心,祂是神計劃裡的中心。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn76" name="_ftnref76" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[76]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">神的目的就是要用所揀選、創造、救贖、變化的信徒成為祂的眾子,使個人的基督成為『團體的基督』。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn77" name="_ftnref77" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[77]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">教會在地上所傳揚的福音信息,乃是見證基督在十字架上的得勝,使罪人</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">因</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">聽見基督的工作得救,因基督的生命成為神的眾子,擴充基督。教會在地上的擴展,在質一面是基督在信徒裡面的增多,在量一面是各處建立了教會的見證,如此教會能將神的國度帶來到地上。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn78" name="_ftnref78" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[78]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">故此,倪氏並不以設立差會、學校、醫院、孤兒院等工作作為教會傳福音的首要工作,他也不樂於將中國文化與道德與福音調和,或用之重新表達福音,來復興民族,提升道德,關懷社會等,因他視『基督』在教會的『質』和『量』的增加才是教會唯一的獨特使命。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn79" name="_ftnref79" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[79]</span></span></span></span></a></div>
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<b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">評論</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪氏認為各本地教會若要實行出『全體信徒事奉』、『相互性聚會』、並產生『靈命成熟的信徒領袖以帶領本地教會』的話,則信徒就要受訓練。他的門徒訓練,並非為著產生專職的傳道人的神學院或聖經學校,而是為著平信徒的訓練。受訓的信徒回到各本地教會後,與眾信徒一同配搭,在教會裏事奉,而無需倚靠外來宣教士。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn80" name="_ftnref80" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[80]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪氏看這種訓練門徒的作工模式,是新約中保羅的模式,這也成了『地方教會』系統中的門徒訓練模式。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪氏的最終關切是如何藉中國信徒自身來福音化全中國,這見於他晚期在香港公開帶領聚會的負擔。要實現把福音帶到億萬同胞歸主的宏大託付,並非僅靠海外來華的差會和西教士作得到,而是靠每位本地中國信徒的努力。故此他強調信徒的訓練和傳福音的工作。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn81" name="_ftnref81" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[81]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1940</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年代後期,他嘗試跟隨初期教會的做法,鼓勵信徒『交出來』和『福音</span><span style="font-family: , serif; text-indent: 32.1333px;">移民</span><span face="" style="text-indent: 24.1pt;">』,這表明他在『自傳』原則上,對教會本土化工作的努力。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn82" name="_ftnref82" style="text-indent: 24.1pt;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[82]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; text-indent: 24.1pt;"> </span><span face="" style="text-indent: 24.1pt;">倪氏這『全體動員,福音移民』的策略,目標使『每個信徒都成為宣教士』。面對人口急增的世界,相比僅靠相對極少數宣教士的宣教策略,倪氏的宣教策略,有助更快速福音化全地。</span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪氏認為教會的福音信息就是傳揚耶穌基督的位格與工作,以擴展基督。他鮮有以福音回應中國文化、民族主義等,也少引入西方歷史上的神學討論、信條或禮儀。他直接地把聖經裡面的信息提取,相信以基督為中心之信息能滿足當時中國人們的需要,對當時未曾聽福音和少受教育的中國人,是一個有效的福音信息,可避免信眾落入各神學分歧的困惑中,也避免成為西方宗派的延續。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn83" name="_ftnref83" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[83]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">值得留意的是,雖然倪氏在教會組織上是本土的,徹底『去西化』,亦拒絕引入西方的教會禮儀與神學體系,但他在神學思想上仍相當具西方色彩的,主要承自</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">18</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">至</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">19</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">世紀英國弟兄運動與歐陸敬虔主義,而這兩道也可分別追溯至</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">17</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">至</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">18</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">世紀世紀的改革宗與路德宗,不過倪氏有意地簡化調適至適合當時教育程度</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">普遍不高的中國聽眾。然而,無可避免地造成普遍中國信徒對西方神學傳統與教會歷史的認識不足。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: , serif;">小結與反思</span></b><b><u><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span face="" style="font-size: 12pt;">倪氏從新約聖經,尤其使徒行傳及書信的初期教會生活為藍本,及弟兄們運動中,尋找教會自立模式的資源。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn84" name="_ftnref84" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[84]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span face="" style="font-size: 12pt;">整體來看,倪氏的模式特點是先『自治』,後『自傳』和『自養』的次序,與一般差會模式不同,相對較有組織性的公會較容易建立、行政較簡單,且聚會較彈性。在</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1920</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 12pt;">至</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">40</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 12pt;">年代社會不安的情況下,加上倪氏本人的造就信息帶給信徒不少安慰,吸引了許多嚮往淳樸宗教生活的人,成為中國本土自立教會運動的一個獨特模式。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn85" name="_ftnref85" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[85]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn85" name="_ftnref85" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span></a>
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<b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">對倪氏本土化教會論之改良獻議</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">誠然,</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪氏教會本土化模式在中國的實踐是成功的,但</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">其教會論在實踐三自原則上也並非完美無缺。筆者根據上述探評,對地方教會模式提出以下扼要的改良獻議:</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(一)在自治上,加強對信徒全面的造就栽培,包括門徒及神學訓練,以成為本地教會的領袖及牧者;亦需保持福音的普世性,與本地外地不同的宗派尋求更多對話與合一。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(二)在自養上,建議詳細考慮全時間事奉者的實際供給問題,避免全時間者參與世俗事業,以影響教會的牧養與信心軟弱的信徒。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn85" name="_ftnref85" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></a><br />
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(三)在自傳上,建議為著不同的宣教場境發展</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast;">『</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">處境化神學</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast;">』</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,使教會的信息能回應今日時代需要以及適應當地文化需要,補足已往這方面的缺乏。</span></div>
<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn85" name="_ftnref85" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span></a></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">第五章</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16pt;"> </span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">結論</span></b><span lang="" style="color: #00b050; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">教會本土化是一個在宣教上必須面對但又極富挑戰的問題。回顧基督教進華歷史,會發現儘管本土化在過去不同時期來看算是失敗的,但神一直帶領祂的教會從失敗的經驗中進步往前。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">從唐朝景教至清末民初更正教</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">基督教(景教)最早在公元</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">7</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">世紀由波斯傳入中國,始終未能培養出本土的教牧人員。不久因官方宗教政策改變,教士全被遣送出境時,教會在中國就瓦解了。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn86" name="_ftnref86" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[86]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">以教會本土化來看是失敗的。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">13</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">世紀末,基督教(天主教)再次進入中國,時稱『也可里溫教』,獲元世祖忽必烈准許在中國傳教和建堂。然而,絕大部分信徒仍以統治階層的蒙古人為主。在蒙古帝國敗落不久,基督教在中國亦幾近同告消失。中國教會本土化的實踐再次失敗。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn87" name="_ftnref87" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[87]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> 16</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">世紀中,天主教耶穌會再次踏足中國。雖然在神學處境化方向上,天主教的方向正確,但在教會本土化上的努力和成效卻有限。結果,造成在本土信徒增長上受了限制,後來甚至被更晚來華的更正教所趕過。以『三自原則』來看,這時期天主教的教會本土化,仍遠遠不足。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn88" name="_ftnref88" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[88]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> 19</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">世紀初,更正教正式來華。在本色化的努力上,更正教採取與利瑪竇相似策略,然而不幸地卻與同時期西方殖民擴張和侵略聯上關繫,使基督教越來越不為當時的中國民眾所接納,並視之為『洋教』而抗拒,教案迭起,使福音傳播被嚴重受礙。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn89" name="_ftnref89" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[89]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">比較及評論各種教會本土化模式</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">回應第二章第六節所提及,在</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1920</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年代的教會自立運動期間的各種教會本土化模式,它們在理念與實踐上</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">都</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">各有差異,以致走出各自不同的本土化路線。現以三個因素(一)基督教與中國文化;(二)教會領導權;(三)教會資金來源,作為衡量它們本土化程度的指標,並對該幾種模式進行比較:</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">(一)基督教與中國文化:</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">中西融合</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">西體中用</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">中華民族</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td colspan="2" style="border: 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 160.5pt;" valign="top" width="214"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: , serif;">中國倫理</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.25pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 9pt;">中國倫理、民族</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 8pt;">中華基督教會</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 8pt;">地方教會</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.25pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 8pt;">真耶穌教會</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.25pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 8pt;">基督徒會堂</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.25pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 8pt;">耶穌家庭</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.25pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 8pt;">中國耶穌教自立會</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr height="0">
<td style="border: none;" width="107"></td>
<td style="border: none;" width="107"></td>
<td style="border: none;" width="107"></td>
<td style="border: none;" width="107"></td>
<td style="border: none;" width="107"></td>
<td style="border: none;" width="107"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(二)教會領導權:</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<!--[if !supportMisalignedColumns]--><!--[endif]--><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">中西共治</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1pt solid; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">中西交流</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1pt solid; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 240.75pt;" valign="top" width="321"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">中國自治</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: 1pt solid; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.25pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">排外傾向</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 8pt;">中華基督教會</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 8pt;">地方教會</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.25pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 8pt;">基督徒會堂</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.25pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 8pt;">耶穌家庭</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.25pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 8pt;">真耶穌教會</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.25pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 8pt;">中國耶穌教自立會</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr height="0">
<td style="border: none;" width="107"></td>
<td style="border: none;" width="107"></td>
<td style="border: none;" width="107"></td>
<td style="border: none;" width="107"></td>
<td style="border: none;" width="107"></td>
<td style="border: none;" width="107"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.1pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(三)教會資金來源:</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<!--[if !supportMisalignedColumns]--><!--[endif]--><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">西方主體</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1pt solid; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">中西交流</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1pt solid; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 240.75pt;" valign="top" width="321"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">中國自養</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: 1pt solid; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.25pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">排外傾向</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 8pt;">中華基督教會</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 8pt;">地方教會</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.25pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 8pt;">真耶穌教會</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.25pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 8pt;">耶穌家庭</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.25pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 8pt;">基督徒會堂</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.25pt;" valign="top" width="107"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face="" style="font-size: 8pt;">中國耶穌教自立會</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr height="0">
<td style="border: none;" width="107"></td>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在六個本土自立教會模式中,按其特點可分作三類來解釋其本土化差異,他們的自治、自養和自傳程度都各異,最後其發展結局也迴異:第一類是<b>差會控制下主流的</b>自立教會,如中華基督教會。它在自治和自養上的本土化程度最為不足,儘管比直接以差會名義設立的教會進步。除冠以『中華』二字外,華人信徒亦確實能進入教會的領導層中參與治理,但重大事情的決定權仍在宣教士手中,教會領導權沒有根本性的改變。在自養和自傳上,它仍無法排除海外差會及西教士的支持。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn90" name="_ftnref90" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[90]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">可是,也由於其『中西共治』並受『西方主體』援助,中華基督教會在當代最提倡將基督教信仰與中國文化融合。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn91" name="_ftnref91" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[91]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這類自立教會後來到</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1949</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年大多加入『三自愛國運動』而結束。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">第二類是<b>政府承認和保護的</b>自立教會,如中國耶穌教自立會。自立會以在商業經濟比較發達的上海為發展起點,在自養上較易實踐。它最率先摸索出教會自養問題的解決路徑。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn92" name="_ftnref92" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[92]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">但它在自治自養上也是最激進的,甚具民族主義色彩,熱中參與政治活動。自立會成立後不斷尋求和得到政府的庇護,但因政府的支持往往在時效性和區域性上有限或非正式的,其命運往往與主要領導者的命運緊密相聯。隨著</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1920</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年代末中國民族主義運動的退潮,自立會的影響有所下降。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn93" name="_ftnref93" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[93]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">另外,也由於他們在神學上未作真正深入,故一旦觸及神學問題,信徒的思想還常受外人的影響和挾制。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn94" name="_ftnref94" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[94]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這類自立教會於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1930</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年代後有的改宗『中華基督教會』,有的回到原宗派,能維持到</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1949</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年的鳳毛麟角</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">第三類是<b>在信仰上有中國文化或西方神學傳統承傳,但在組織上獨立於主流教會體系且彼此獨立</b>的自立教會,如耶穌家庭、真耶穌教會、基督徒會堂及地方教會。它們在經濟上不完全拒絕國外資助,有的資助還不少;在人事上也不完全拒絕外國人擔任教會職務,但人事、經濟等支配權和教會管理權在華人手中;</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">他們雖與海外教會或組織可能有交往</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,但非母會與子會的關係;在禮儀上也往往有自己的獨特之處,組織形式上也與眾不同;對社會政治的參與,以及中國文化的融合,一般不熱中。這類教會主要產生於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1920</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年代,後綿延不斷的發展,至</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1950</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年代初擁有大量信徒</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn95" name="_ftnref95" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[95]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">其中耶穌家庭和真耶穌教會,以農村為主要發展基地。兩個教會均具靈恩色彩,注重『聖靈充滿』、『說方言』、『神蹟醫治』、『趕鬼』等作爲,這些靈恩特色與中國傳統民間宗教貼近,適合農村生態,容易受中國農村社會歡迎。兩者有一點不同的是,耶穌家庭的</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">自立自養是效法初期耶路撒冷教會的凡物公用方式,自願放棄私產。這形式在以農村小型社會的當代中國,符合他們以</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">『</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">家庭</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">』為核心的社群生活,</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">也較容易實現,尤其在戰亂人心動盪之時,很受歡迎,但在大城市和太平時代便極為困難實現,其發展會受到限制。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1949</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年後不久耶穌家庭就政府</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">被解散消失</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。相比,採靈恩卻沒採公社形式的真耶穌教會,較易擴展至城市。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">今天真耶穌教會在海外如臺灣,仍在活躍發展</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn96" name="_ftnref96" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[96]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">另外,基督徒會堂及地方教會均以城市為主要發展基地,一個在文化古城北京,一個在商業都會上海。不同的是,在自治與自養上,地方教會根據教會普世性一面聖徒的相通,不限制其與西方教會保持聯繫,</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn97" name="_ftnref97" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[97]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">而王明道絕少受惠於西教士或海外團體。而在自傳上,基督徒會堂則向外擴展的傾向不大,這或許與其領袖之福音信息注重點不同之故。王氏與倪氏的神學本色化雖同屬非補充中國文化之模式,但王氏注重基督教信仰對中國信徒個人倫理與道德生活之影嚮,而倪氏則注重基督為神計劃中心,教會為基督之擴大,擔負帶進神國的使命。王氏較倪氏也更傾向文化二元觀,產生比倪氏出世的態度。王氏這種著重在個人行為品格的修養,過於在教會</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">團體在社會上的見證和影響,</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn98" name="_ftnref98" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[98]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">導致他對教會的自傳政策,比倪氏少有討論。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">到</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1949</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年為止,北京的『基督徒會堂』聚會人數約為</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">7</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">至</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">8</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">百人,在當時雖是具有相當規模的教會,但在全國只有一處。今天在北京雖仍存在,但也是小規模見證。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn99" name="_ftnref99" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[99]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">反觀,按倪氏『地方教會』模式建立的自立教會,在中國共有</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">700</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">多處,會友人數</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">7</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">萬多</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn100" name="_ftnref100" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[100]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">約佔中共掌政前全中國</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">70</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">餘萬的新教徒的十分一以上。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn101" name="_ftnref101" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[101]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">整體而言,比較幾種當代不同的教會本土化模式,倪氏帶領的『地方教會』運動所實踐出來的模式是成功的,實踐了真正的</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">『</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">自治</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">』、『</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">自養</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">』和『</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">自傳</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">』</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn102" name="_ftnref102" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[102]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">而成功的眾多因素之中,其中一項不可或缺的正是他的教會論。倪氏有意地從聖經尋找資源回應了</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">『</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">三自</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">』</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">的訴求和目標,</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn103" name="_ftnref103" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[103]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">同時在探索中他嘗試避開了歷代西方教會在教會實踐上的爭論。無疑,倪氏的教會論在神學上具爭議性,但在實踐上,他帶領中國教會走出了實現中國教會本土化的一條新路。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn104" name="_ftnref104" title=""><sup><span lang="" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[104]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲在歷史上對中國教會本土化之貢獻</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1920</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代的中國,在『非基督教運動』影嚮下,顯示急切需要一套教會本土化的理論與實踐原則,既實踐出三自原則,又立足於聖經,並合乎中國之國情。倪柝聲正是生逢其時,在那時代其成長、造就、社會運動的背景中,產生出其獨特的本土教會論。他帶領的地方教會運動正是嘗試走出中國教會本土化之路的運動之一。我們認為倪柝聲對中國教會本土化的貢獻主要有三:</span><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(一)實踐未完成的使命</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">比對當時其他同時代之本土教會領袖,如近代華人神學家呂淵沛所認為,倪氏這個滿足三自原則的教會論,『是在實際生活處境中發展出來的,具有宣教的活力,極具吸引力,又容易跟隨之,正合中國教會在二十世紀上半期的需要。』</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn105" name="_ftnref105" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[105]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">從本文上面所見,我們認為倪氏本土化教會論之所以能富有宣教的活力,原因在於它既適切今時代本土情況,也竭力重現初期教會的藍圖,讓聖靈能在信徒中間回復當初的活力(徒二</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">42</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">~</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">46</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪氏的貢獻可從今天的中國大陸的情況得到證實:相對其他</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">20</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">世紀上半期的各本土教會,唯有承接倪氏教會論的『地方教會』系統,今天大體上仍在中國大陸蓬勃發展,且仍滿了宣教的活力。倪氏實踐出西教士和教會一直嘗試卻沒有徹底實踐到的教會本土化。呂淵沛指出,倪氏的模式『對於當時的西方差會與中國的宗派教會,帶來很大的衝擊,使他們反省自己的宣教原則與教會制度是否合乎聖經,並促使他們願意調整方向加快腳步,朝向「教會本色(土)化」的目標邁進。此</span><span style="font-family: , serif; text-indent: 32.1333px;">為</span><span face="" style="text-indent: 24.1pt;">倪弟兄對當時中國教會的貢獻。』</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn106" name="_ftnref106" style="text-indent: 24.1pt;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[106]</span></span></span></span></a></div>
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<b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(二)埋下教會復興的種子</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪氏實踐出來的教會模式,展示出一個具體大型的『示範作用』(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">modeling</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn107" name="_ftnref107" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[107]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,廣泛且深深扎根在</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1949</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">前當代中國信徒當中。在</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1949</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">後中國教會的發展和信徒信仰生活受到嚴重破壞。這時期教會受的逼迫,比隋唐景教、明朝也可里溫、清朝天主教在規模和程度上,遠遠厲害得多。眾多教會領袖被捕後,許多信徒拒絕參加官方『三自教會』,而陸續私下組織家庭聚會。這種教會模式因環境使然,無需要建禮拜堂(由於經濟限制無法興建),信徒以秘密方式聚集家中,在缺乏專職教牧人員的情況下,實行相互性為主的團契交通聚會。這模式正是地方教會</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1949</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">前所倡儀和實行的。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">如此,教會不僅沒有消失,反而仍能維持並逐漸興旺。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn108" name="_ftnref108" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[108]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">在</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1970</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年代文革期間起,家庭教會人數和聚會點更錄爆炸性增長。筆者認為倪氏於</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1950</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年前所展示出的教會本土化模式,為後來家庭教會的復興提供了積極的『示範作用』。呂</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">淵沛肯定</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪氏的教會本土化模式對</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1949</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">後中國教會復興之貢獻。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn109" name="_ftnref109" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[109]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">麥卡林(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dennis
H. McCallum</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)指出,雖然無法確定今天成千上萬的中國家庭教會裡有多少是從小群派生出來的或受其影響的,但有兩點可以肯定:許多家庭教會是直接從小群衍生出來的,另有許多教會和信徒受小群教會模式和倪柝聲教導的深遠影響。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn110" name="_ftnref110" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[110]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這『示範作用』也見於倪氏自身承傳下來的『地方教會』系統,於復興時期在人數和聚會點上也在同期迅速增長。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn111" name="_ftnref111" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[111]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">據『地方教會』內部統計,至今中國大陸信徒會友人數經過復興後至今已達</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">80</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">餘至</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">100</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">萬人。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn112" name="_ftnref112" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[112]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(三)供今日普世教會的宣教模式的借鏡</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">從中國近代教會歷史我們學得功課,在身處後殖民時代的今天,在建立教會並擴展神國之時,教會一面要拒絕重蹈那以西方為中心之帝國主義霸權的覆轍,另一面也要避免陷入後現代那『文化相對主義』的陷阱裡,因為教會是『現世』(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">this-worldliness</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),也是『超世』(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">other-worldliness</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)的。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn113" name="_ftnref113" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[113]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪氏的神學是『非本色的』,但他的教會組織理論卻是徹底『本土的』。神學缺少『本色化』,福音難以進入本土文化之中;然過於『本色化』,難免失去福音的普世性。倪氏的本土化教會論,一面強調在教會組織上在貫徹本土的『三自原則』,另一面也堅持福音的『普世精神』,因福音的特質就是普世主義,要拆毀一切『中間隔斷的牆』(弗二</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">15</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。倪氏帶領下的本土化經驗,使得以這模式發展的『地方教會』獲得了在全球各地蓬勃發展的生命力。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn114" name="_ftnref114" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[114]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">故筆者認為它不但適用於中國,也適用於後殖民時代的宣教世界。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">踏入</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">21</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">世紀,隨著中國宗教政策漸漸開放,中國家庭教會正謀求轉型,也與海外教會交流日漸瀕繁。我們認為今天中國家庭教會應以史為鑒,既持守福音的『普世精神』,但又要避免為著得到國外的人力、物力、財力或各種目的,走上過去歷史的回頭路,失去了自身的『本土性』。</span><a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftn115" name="_ftnref115" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[115]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪氏為基督在地上的教會,提供了一套理論與實踐並重之本土化教會論模式,值得供</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">中國家庭教會研究與今後發展借鏡。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">史文森</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。〈台灣的獨立教會〉,收入林治平主編,《基督教入華百七十年紀念集》。臺灣:宇宙光出版社。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">刑福增。《基督教在中國的失敗?</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">—</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">中國共產運動與基督教史論(增訂版)》。香港:漢語基督教文化研究所,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2012</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">______</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。《大時代的宗教信仰:吳耀宗與二十世紀中國基督教》(香港:基督教中國宗教文化研究社,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2011</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">邢福增、梁家麟</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。《五十年代三自運動的研究》。香港:建道神學院,基督教與中國文化研究中心,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1996</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">5.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">成大福。〈家庭教會何去何從?</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">—</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">談大陸家庭教會的發展模式,兼談海外教會發展路線的省思〉。《中國與福音(雙月刊)》,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">15</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">期,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1996</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。臺北:中國福音會。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">6.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">李亞丁。《華人基督教史人物辭典》。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">7.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">李向平。〈『海派基督教』及其歷程</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">─</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">歐美基督教在近代上海的社會化問題〉。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">8.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">李常受。《今時代神聖啟示的先見</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">—</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">倪柝聲》。臺北:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1991</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">9.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">______</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。《歷史與啟示》。臺北:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2007</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">10.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">呂淵沛等著。《屬靈實際的追尋</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">—</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">從聖經、歷史、神學看倪柝聲的思想》。許宏度主編。臺北:華神,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2003</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">11.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">林治平。〈基督教在中國本色化之必要性與可行性〉。《基督教在華本色化國際研討會論文集》。台北:宇宙光出版社,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1992</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">12.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">林慈信。〈趙紫宸與本色化神學〉。《先驅與過客﹕再說基督教新文化運動》(多倫多﹕加拿大恩福協會,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1996</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">13.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">林榮洪。《風潮中奮起的中國教會》。香港:天道書樓,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1980</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">14.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">______</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。《王明道與中國教會》。香港:中國神學研究院,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1982</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">15.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">______</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。《屬靈神學</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">—</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">倪柝聲思想的研究》。香港:宣道,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2003</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">16.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">郭榮剛。〈倪柝聲中國『地方教會』運動的本土化實踐:『建制重構』到『內核回歸』〉。林四皓,周復初編。《『不死就不生:</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2011</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">近現代中國基督教神學思想』學術研討會論文集》。臺北:橄欖,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2011</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">17.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">翁雅各。〈淺談三自原則的歷史淵源與信仰根由〉。《天風:中國基督教協會》,第</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">12</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">期,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2000</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">年</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">12</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">月。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">18.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">莊祖鯤。《宣教歷史》。美國:基督使者協會,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2004</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">19.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">______</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。《基督教與中國傳統文化之關係:契合與轉化》。陜西:陜西師範大學,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2007</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">20.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">倪柝聲。《講經紀錄(卷二)》。《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">輯第</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">18</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">冊。臺北:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2004</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">21.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">______</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。《倪柝聲弟兄三次公開的見證》。《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">輯第</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">6</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">冊。臺北:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2004</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">22.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">倪柝聲。《初信造就(下冊)》。《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">3</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">輯第</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">4</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">冊。臺北:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2004</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">23.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">______</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。《聚會的生活》。《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">輯第</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">冊。臺北:臺灣福音書房。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">24.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">______</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。《初信造就(上冊)》。《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">3</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">輯第</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">冊。臺北:臺灣福音書房。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">25.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">______</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。《工作的再思》。《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">輯第</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">10</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">冊。臺灣:臺灣福音書房。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">26.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">______</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。《復興報(卷四)》。《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">輯第</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">11</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">冊。臺灣:臺灣福音書房。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">27.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">張益禎。〈異中求同:中國三自教會『神學思想建設』之研議〉。臺灣:中華福音神學院,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2012</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">28.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">張化。〈中國耶穌教自立會述評〉。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">29.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">梁家麟</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。《臨福中華</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">—</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">中國近代教會史十講</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">》。香港:天道書樓,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1988</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">30.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">陶飛亞。《中國的基督教烏托邦</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">—</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">耶穌家庭(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1921-1952</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">)》。香港:中文大學出版社,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2004</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">31.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">陶理(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Tim Dowley</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">)。《基督教二千年史》(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Handbook of the History of Christianity</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">),李伯明、林牧野譯。香港:海天書樓,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2012</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">32.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">陳智衡。《合一非一律:中華基督教會歷史》。香港:建道神學院,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2013</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">33.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">趙天恩,莊婉芳。《當代中國基督教發展史(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1949</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">~</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1997</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">)》。臺北:中福,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2010</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">34.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">楊森富</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。《中國基督教史》。臺北:商務印書館,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1984</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">35.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">趙天恩,莊婉芳。《當代中國基督教發展史(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1949</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">~</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1997</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">)》。臺北:中福,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2010</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">36.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">賴恩融(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Leslie T. Lyall</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">)。《中國教會三巨人》(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Three of China’s Mighty Man</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">),陳楷瑜</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">/</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">楊淑蓮譯。臺北:橄欖,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1992</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">37.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">賴德烈。《基督教在華傳教史》,雷立柏、瞿旭彤、靜也、成靜等譯。香港:道風書社,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2009</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">38.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">劉建平。《紅旗下的十字架</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">—</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">新中國成立初期中共對基督教、天主教的政策演變及其影響(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1949-1955</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">)》。香港:基督教中國宗教文化研究社,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2012</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">39.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">魏外揚。〈九十年來</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">─</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">王明道牧師千錘百鍊的一生〉。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">40.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">《三自與香港教會前景》。香港:福音證主協會,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1984</span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">41.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span face="" lang="JA" style="font-size: 12pt;">《在事奉中學習長進》。真耶穌教會出版。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">42.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Christian Research Journal</span></i><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">. Vol. 32, No. 06 (2009). US: CRI, 2009.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">43.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">McCallum, Dennis H.. Watchman Nee and the House Church Movement in
China.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">44.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Swanson, Allen. Taiwan: Mainline Vs
Independent Church Growth. South Pasadena, California: William Carey Library,
1970.</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">45.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Walls, Andrews. The Gospel as the Prisoner and Liberator of
Culture. Missionalia, 10/3 (Nov. 1982) 92:-105.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">當外來宗教與本土文化相遇,就無可避免地產生本色化(</span><span lang="">Indigenization</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)的需要,使之能適切地被傳達和接受。基督教來華以降,宣教士和教會領袖致力追求的兩大本色化方向,乃是神學本色化與教會本土化,而『三自』原則就作為中國教會本土化,讓教會自立的訴求與指標。(</span><span face="">參刑</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">福增:《基督教在中國的失敗?</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">中國共產運動與基督教史論(增訂版)》(香港:漢語基督教文化研究所,</span><span lang="">2012</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">131</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">賴恩融(</span><span lang="">Leslie T. Lyall</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">):《中國教會三巨人》(</span><span lang="">Three of China’s Mighty Man</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),陳楷瑜</span><span lang="">/</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">楊淑蓮譯(臺北:橄欖,</span><span lang="">1992</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">1-2</span><span face="" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> 1920</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年代前後,多個中國自立教會如雨後春筍相繼出現,並蓬勃發展至政權更迭之前。可惜,</span><span lang="">1949</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">後政局變遷後,中國教會進入『寒冬』期,被投入參與反帝愛國之改造事業之中。在神所掌管的歷史下,自</span><span lang="">1970</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年代文革期間以來,教會漸從近</span><span lang="">30</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年的『寒冬』回暖,不論官方教會或是地下『家庭教會』,信徒數目都急促增長,更遠超</span><span lang="">1949</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年前。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">這些家庭教會基本上實現了長久以來中國教會所渴望的『三自』,其信徒增長幅度,甚至更遠超官方教會。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">從</span><span lang="">1950</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年的約一百萬信徒,到</span><span lang="">2009</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年約一億,近百倍增長。(</span><span face="">參</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">劉建平:《紅旗下的十字架</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">新中國成立初期中共對基督教、天主教的政策演變及其影響(</span><span lang="">1949-1955</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)》(香港:基督教中國宗教文化研究社,</span><span lang="">2012</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="">“Perhaps
no better example of a successful indigenous Chinese Christian movement can be
cited than the LC (Local Church)”</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(可能再也找不到一個比地方教會更為中國本土化的基督教運動了。)</span><span lang="">See <i>Christian
Research Journal</i>, Vol. 32, No. 06 (2009) (US: CRI, 2009): 31.</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><b><u><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">範圍</span></u></b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:在本色化過程中『教會本土化』的一面,即如何讓中國人建立自己的教會,實行自治、自養、自傳的『三自』原則,而並非在『神學本色化』一面,即文化上如今建立起一套融匯中西,適合中國人的神學體系。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: , serif;">材料來源</span></u></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">:除倪氏本人出版之著作、講章以外,也包涵倪氏歷史研究學者對他的敘述和評論,但均力求以第一手資料為主要史料。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: , serif;">方法</span></u></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">:整個研究將從『歷史性』</span><span lang="">—</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">中國近代歷史史實始末作起點;然後,配上『理論性』</span><span lang="">—</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">闡釋數位中國教會自立運動的人物的背景與神學思想;最後總結於『描述性』</span><span lang="">—</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">有系統地詮釋各歷史事件的次序,以及與中國教會自立運動之間的關係和影嚮。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">按林治平定義,</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">『本色化』(乃外來文化與本土文化接觸後所產生的文化變遷的過程。描述由本土文化的角度,如何回應外來文化(如基督教)的過程。近代基督教宣教學漸漸以『處境化』(</span><span lang="">Contextualization</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)一辭代替『本色化』,除了包含原本意義外,還加上從經政治、經濟、科技和社會公義等其他角度來回應,期望發展自已的神學。本文皆用『神學本色化』稱之。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">一種認為當兩種不同的文化有所接觸時,外來文化與本土文化相互激蕩,直至此一外來文化逐漸演變,終於落地生根成為本土文化,可稱為本土化過程。另一種觀點則認為本土化是發生中國人群體性的認同、接受基督教,繼而創立國人自治、自養、自傳的中國教會。(</span><span face="">參</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">林治平:〈基督教在中國本色化之必要性與可行性〉,頁</span><span lang="">176</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">參</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">郭榮剛:</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">〈倪柝聲中國「地方教會」運動的本土化實踐:「建制重構」到「內核回歸」〉,林四皓,周復初編,《「不死就不生:</span><span lang="">2011</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">近現代中國基督教神學思想」學術研討會論文集》(臺北:橄欖,</span><span lang="">2011</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><a href="http://theologychina.weebly.com/37101336352101865306-2052226589227682001322269ldquo22320260412594520250rdquo3681621160303402641222303212702345436341.html">http://theologychina.weebly.com/37101336352101865306-2052226589227682001322269ldquo22320260412594520250rdquo3681621160303402641222303212702345436341.html</a></span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">『</span><b><u><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">中國教會自立運動</span></u></b><u><span style="font-family: , serif;">』</span></u><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:中國自立教會萌發於</span><span lang="">19</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">世紀末期。到了</span><span lang="">20</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">世紀</span><span lang="">1900</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年義和團事變以後,西教士漸意識到要讓中國教會儘快的自立、自傳、自養。</span><span lang="">1922-1927</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年的非基督教運動,是進入中國教會自立運動的高峰。</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">『<b><u>三自原則</u></b>』:</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">即『自立』(『自已管理自已』、『自養』(『自己來供應自己經費上的需要』)、『自傳』(『自己來傳福音』)。由</span><span lang="">19</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">世紀宣教策略專家提出的宣教策略。它是根據於新約中所記載,尤見於使徒保羅的建立教會模式。目標是於宣教地點建立能夠『自立』、『自養』和『自傳』的本土教會。與後來中共政府提出的具有政治含意的『三自』原則,即展現『國家民族主義』自主性,以及切斷與普世大公教會聯繫和合作,有所不同。本文全文以<u>前者</u></span><u><span lang="">—1949</span></u><u><span style="font-family: , serif;">年前</span></u><span style="font-family: , serif;">為定義。(</span><span face="">參張益禎:〈異中求同:中國三自教會「神學思想建設」之研議〉(臺灣:中華福音神學院,</span><span lang="">2012</span><span face="">),頁</span><span lang="">8-10</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">『<b><u>家庭教會</u></b>』:</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">特指在</span><span lang="">1949</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年後中華人民共和國境內官方組織『三自愛國教會』以外的教會,也有稱為『家庭團契』或『聚會點』,其組織形式由於沒有政府部門的正式注冊登記,其聚集方式是基督徒以特殊地家庭為集會地點而共同敬拜神。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">大多家庭教會至今仍採既堅持與官方教會採既不妥協,又渴望與政府對話並得到理解的政教關係。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">翁雅各:〈淺談三自原則的歷史淵源與信仰根由〉,《天風:中國基督教協會》,第</span><span lang="">12</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">期,</span><span lang="">2000</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年</span><span lang="">12</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">月,頁</span><span lang="">17-18</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">使徒保羅在每處作工不久,即在當地教會按立長老和執事治理教會(參徒十四</span><span lang="">23</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),並託付他們牧養當地教會(參徒二十</span><span lang="">28</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。在教牧書信中看見,使徒們也期望各本地教會能承擔『自治』和『自養』的責任,在行政上獨立和經濟上自給自足,讓教會可依章治理(參提前一</span><span lang="">4</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),以及託付長老們負起教導和牧養本地信徒的責任(參多一</span><span lang="">5</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,提前五</span><span lang="">17</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,彼前五</span><span lang="">2</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),而無需親自或差派助手來治理各地教會。使徒更期望本地教會能負起『自傳』的責任,囑咐本地教會的帶領人務要傳福音,總要將福音在本地傳開(提後四</span><span lang="">6</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)。(</span><span face="">參《</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">三自與香港教會前景》(香港:福音證主協會,</span><span lang="">1984</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">17-18</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">邢福增:《大時代的宗教信仰:吳耀宗與二十世紀中國基督教》(香港:基督教中國宗教文化研究社,</span><span lang="">2011</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">346-348</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">林慈信:〈趙紫宸與本色化神學〉,《先驅與過客﹕再說基督教新文化運動》(多倫多﹕加拿大恩福協會,</span><span lang="">1996</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">125</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">如</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">倪維思(</span><span lang="">John Livingston Nevius</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">1829-1893</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)接續范安二人,指出基督教若想在中國生根發芽,就必須要盡快適應中國的本土環境。他並將『三自』原則應用在他最初幾年的宣教實踐,逐漸形成了他的『倪維思計劃』。(</span><span lang="">`</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">亞丁</span><span face="" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">:</span><span style="color: #111111; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">《華人基督教史人物辭典》</span><span style="color: #111111; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">(</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.bdcconline.net/zh-hant/stories/by-person/n/ni-weisi.php"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">http://www.bdcconline.net/zh-hant/stories/by-person/n/ni-weisi.php</span></a></span><span style="color: #111111; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">)及維基百科</span><span lang=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Livingstone_Nevius">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Livingstone_Nevius</a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。</span></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">邢福增:《大時代的宗教信仰:吳耀宗與二十世紀中國基督教》(香港:基督教中國宗教文化研究社,</span><span lang="">2011</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">345</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。關於盧夫</span><span lang="">·</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">安德生提出的宣教策略,可參</span><span lang="">Beaver, R Pierce, "The legacy of Rufus
Anderson", <i>Occasional Bulletin of Missionary Research</i> 3 (3)
(1979), 95</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">《三自與香港教會前景》:頁</span><span lang="">13-14</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">從教會本土化的角度,最早嘗試自立的教會,可算是</span><span lang="">1848</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年由美部會在厦門建立的『新街堂』和</span><span lang="">1859</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年的『竹樹堂』。</span><span lang="">1900</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年的義和團事件,導致許多西教士以及中國信徒為主殉道。事件鼓勵了中國信徒紛紛努力推動教會的自立。從</span><span lang="">1900</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">至</span><span lang="">1910</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代民國成立的前後,普遍中國人的民族情緒高漲,激發起中國信徒對『民族』和『自由』的意識,促進了教會加快自發性的自立的訴求。(</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">參賴德烈:《基督教在華傳教史》,雷立柏、瞿旭彤、靜也、成靜等譯(香港:道風書社,</span><span lang="">2009</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">513-514</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">賴德烈:《基督教在華傳教史》,頁</span><span lang="">567-573</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">莊祖鯤:《宣教歷史》(美國:基督使者協會,</span><span lang="">2004</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">158</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">尤其在</span><span lang="">1901</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">至</span><span lang="">1914</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年間,各宣教團體在義和團事件平復後迅速擴張,建立了與宣教有關的醫療和教育等事業,人數與規模都有可觀增幅。(</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">參賴德烈:《基督教在華傳教史》,頁</span><span lang="">559-567</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">賴德烈:《基督教在華傳教史》,頁</span><span lang="">678-679</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""> </span></span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">梁家麟:</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">《臨福中華</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">中國近代教會史十講</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">》(香港:天道書樓,</span><span lang="">1988</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">155-160</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">林榮洪:《風潮中奮起的中國教會》(香港:天道書樓,</span><span lang="">1980</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">90-91</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">『世界基督教學生同盟』打算在該年四月於北京舉行一戰後第一次國際會議。同年</span><span lang="">2 </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">月</span><span lang="">7 </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">日,一批上海學生高舉『反基督教學生同盟』旗幟,反對及攻擊基督教為資本主義、殖民主義作先鋒,是壓迫中國的帝國主義代理人,意圖侵蝕中國民化和霸佔領土。(</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">參楊森富:《中國基督教史》(臺北:商務印書館,</span><span lang="">1984</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">283-302</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">這些同盟的主要骨幹都是曾參與五四運動的知識分子。(參</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">賴德烈:《基督教在華傳教史》頁</span><span lang="">585-587</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">;林榮洪:《風潮中奮起的中國教會》,頁</span><span lang="">130-134</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。)</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span lang="">1924 </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年</span><span lang="">8 </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">月</span><span lang="">14 </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">日,上海學生重建『反基督教學生同盟』。這一波的運動矛頭指向教會教育,提出『收回教育權』。(</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">參林榮洪:《風潮中奮起的中國教會》,頁</span><span lang="">134-154</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">這此的運動宣告要奪回教育權,倡議非宗教教育,教育必須為國家服務,並指控基督教育奴化青年,灌輸崇洋、親英美的思想。當時除了少數學者外,大部份知識分子和學者也都大力反對宗教,而基督教乃主要目標。(</span><span face="">參</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">賴德烈:《基督教在華傳教史》,頁</span><span lang="">587-589</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">賴德烈:《基督教在華傳教史》,頁</span><span lang="">587</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">其中一些提出『古典文化中的基督教信仰』,例子有吳雷川;又如『文化的融合』,例子有王治心;有『文化成全而非廢棄』,例子如趙紫宸、『文化二元觀』,例子有王明道;還有『基督教審判文化』,例子如張亦鏡。(</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">參林榮洪:《風潮中奮起的中國教會》,頁</span><span lang="">105-122</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。)</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">按統計,從</span><span lang="">1919</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">至</span><span lang="">1949</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年,在華的差會教會人數由</span><span lang="">34</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">萬增加到</span><span lang="">63</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">萬人,而自立教會人數則由</span><span lang="">1</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">萬增加到</span><span lang="">20</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">萬人。</span><span lang="">1920</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年代後起這段時期,自立教會增加的人數和比例,都大大超越差會教會。(</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">參史文森:<span style="background: white; color: #545454;">〈</span>台灣的獨立教會<span style="background: white; color: #545454;">〉</span>,收入林治平主編,《基督教入華百七十年紀念集》(臺灣:宇宙光出版社,</span><span lang="">1977</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">247</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Allen, Swanson, Taiwan: Mainline Vs Independent
Church Growth (South Pasadena, California: William Carey Library, 1970), 52-64,
283-284.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">如中華基督教會、中國基督聖教長老會、中華聖公會、中華信義會等。其中『中華基督教聯會』由長老宗、公理、倫敦宗牽頭,一共</span><span lang="">19</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">個宗派統一成立,所以中華基督教聯會成為中國最大的宗派,也是中國教會合一運動的典範。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">自傳方面,石美玉和胡遵理於</span><span lang="">1925</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年創辦了伯特利佈道團,成員還有計志文和宋尚節,他們的足跡走遍全國。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">成立之時,其簡章已表明成立目的:『本會之設,由於各地華人教友,憂教案之烈,悲外惡之日亟,為消弭挽救而組織,有愛教愛國之思想,自立自治之精神,故定名曰「中國耶穌教自立會」』。(參</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">邢福增:《大時代的宗教信仰</span><span lang=""> : </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">吳耀宗與二十世紀中國基督教》,頁</span><span lang="">35</span><span lang="">0</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">張化:〈中國耶穌教自立會述評〉。</span><span lang=""><a href="http://study.ccln.gov.cn/fenke/shehuixue/shrdyj/shmzyzj/92427-5.shtml">http://study.ccln.gov.cn/fenke/shehuixue/shrdyj/shmzyzj/92427-5.shtml</a></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[32]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">林榮洪:《王明道與中國教會》(香港:中國神學研究院,</span><span lang="">1982</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">76-79</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">邢福增、梁家麟:《五十年代三自運動的研究》(香港:建道神學院,基督教與中國文化研究中心,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1996</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">93</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">陶飛亞:《中國的基督教烏托邦</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">耶穌家庭(</span><span lang="">1921-1952</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)》(香港:中文大學出版社,</span><span lang="">2004</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">41-149</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">《在事奉中學習長進》(真耶穌教會出版),頁</span><span lang="">22</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">陳智衡:《合一非一律:中華基督教會歷史》(香港:建道神學院,</span><span lang="">2013</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">賴德烈:《基督教在華傳教史》,頁</span><span lang="">582-583</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;">倪析聲原名倪述祖。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">1903</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;">年生於廣東汕頭,長大於福建福州。他是第三代基督徒,祖父倪玉成(</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">1840-1890</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;">年)是福州公理會最早的華人牧師之一,父母都是美以美會福州天安堂的教友。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">1916</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;">年,倪氏進入英國聖公會差會所開辦的福州三一書院就讀,接受西式教育。在校是名列前茅的優等生。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;">在</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">1920</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;">年初,在福州一場余慈度的佈道會中,他母親悔改信主,接受了救恩,並帶來生命的改變。年輕的倪柝聲對母親的改變非常驚訝,因好奇也去天安堂聽余慈度傳講,深受感動,接受了福音,並且願意終身奉獻,放棄了原來的理想和計劃,並取了新的名字</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">—</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;">倪柝聲(英文,</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">Watchman
Nee</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 10pt;">)。從此,一生事奉主作傳道。</span><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="">1949</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年中國政權易幟後,倪氏</span><span lang="">1952</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年因帶領其『地方教會』(聚會處)退出『三自革新運動』而被捕。</span><span lang="">1956</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年被控以『反革命』,判刑</span><span lang="">15</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年。</span><span lang="">1972</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年</span><span lang="">6</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">月</span><span lang="">1</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">日在安徽勞改營中逝世。(</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">參趙天恩,莊婉芳:《當代中國基督教發展史(</span><span lang="">1949</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">~</span><span lang="">1997</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)》(臺北:中福,</span><span lang="">2010</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">68</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">註</span><span lang="">73</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref39" name="_ftn39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">美國主流基督教雜誌《今日基督教》(</span><span lang="">Christianity
Today</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)於</span><span lang="">2009</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年將倪柝聲評為二十世紀百位最具影響力的基督徒之一。同年</span><span lang="">7</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">月</span><span lang="">30</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">日美國國會眾議院於表彰倪柝聲對全球基督教的貢獻(</span><span lang="">Vol.
155, No. 117 </span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-2009-07-31/html/CREC-2009-07-31-pt1-PgE2110-2.htm">http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-2009-07-31/html/CREC-2009-07-31-pt1-PgE2110-2.htm</a></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)(</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">《基督日報》報導,</span><span lang="">2009</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年</span><span lang="">8</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">月</span><span lang="">18</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">日</span><span lang="">http://www.gospelherald.com.hk/news/min_1973.htm</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref40" name="_ftn40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">李常受:《今時代神聖啟示的先見</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="">倪柝聲》(臺北:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">1991</span><span face="">),頁</span><span lang="">368-369</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref41" name="_ftn41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[41]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">倪柝聲:《講經紀錄(卷二)》,《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="">輯第</span><span lang="">18</span><span face="">冊(臺北:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">2004</span><span face="">),頁</span><span lang="">77</span><span face="">:</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">就在這一年(1921)中,我到聖經裏去查考些問題。在今天的教會裏,有好多是有名無實的教友;但是,聖經裏是說,教會裏只有得救的人。今天有許許多多的公會;但是,聖經裏沒有美以美會,也沒有長老會,或者甚麼別的會。<span lang="">…</span>我也看見,牧師的制度是不合聖經的。更有一件事,就是聚會,應當按著聖經的原則而行。</span><span face="">』</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=1-18-07"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=1-18-07</span></a></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref42" name="_ftn42" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[42]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">同上</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref43" name="_ftn43" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[43]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">林榮洪:《屬靈神學</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲思想的研究》(香港:宣道,</span><span lang="">2003</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">186-187</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref44" name="_ftn44" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[44]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">如慕安得列</span> <span style="font-family: , serif;">(</span><span lang="">Andrew Murray</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)、潘伯(</span><span lang="">G.H. Pember)</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">、芬尼(</span><span lang="">Charles Finney</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)等</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref45" name="_ftn45" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[45]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">賴恩融:《中國教會三巨人》,頁</span><span lang="">31-32</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref46" name="_ftn46" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[46]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">倪柝聲:《倪柝聲弟兄三次公開的見證》,《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="">輯第</span><span lang="">6</span><span face="">冊(臺北:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">2004</span><span face="">),頁</span><span lang="">252-253</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">:『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">當我初出來事奉時,我很擔心生活的問題。我若在公會作傳道,每月會有固定的薪水。但我既是走主的道路,就只能靠主過日子,不能按月靠領薪水過生活。<span lang="">…</span>今日各地弟兄姊妹,顧念到傳道人亦比前進步得多。我相信再十數年後,弟兄姊妹對主的工人的需要必能更加以注意。</span><span face="">』</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-06-07"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-06-07</span></a></span><span lang="" style="color: red; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref47" name="_ftn47" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[47]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">林榮洪:《屬靈神學</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲思想的研究》,頁</span><span lang="">186</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。倪氏於《屬靈人》一書承認他在該書得力於賓路易師母的著作不少。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref48" name="_ftn48" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[48]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">同上書,頁</span><span lang="">258-261</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span face="">倪柝聲:《倪柝聲弟兄三次公開的見證》,《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="">輯第</span><span lang="">6</span><span face="">冊(臺北:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">2004</span><span face="">),頁</span><span lang="">250-251</span><span face="">:</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">『</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif;">…</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">青年人,住在一起過身體生活,操練屬靈生命。他們在這裏受訓練,得造就,學讀經,學禱告,並建立良好的性格。在消極方面,訓練是要他們學習如何對付罪、世界、肉體、天然生命等。到了適當的時候,這些青年人要回到各地教會,與眾聖徒一同配搭,在教會裏事奉主。</span><span face="">』</span><span lang="">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-06-06</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref49" name="_ftn49" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[49]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">賴德烈:《基督教在華傳教史》,頁</span><span lang="">672-678</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref50" name="_ftn50" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[50]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲:《初信造就(下冊)》,《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="">輯第</span><span lang="">4</span><span face="">冊(臺北:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">2004</span><span face="">),頁</span><span lang="">315-349</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=3-04-13<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref51" name="_ftn51" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[51]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">以達秘(</span><span lang="">J. N. Darby</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)、慕勒(</span><span lang="">George M</span><span lang="" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt;">ü</span><span lang="">ller</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">)等為代表人物。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref52" name="_ftn52" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[52]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">陶理(</span><span lang="">Tim Dowley</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">):《基督教二千年史》(</span><span lang="">Handbook of the History of Christianity</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),李伯明、林牧野譯,(香港:海天書樓,</span><span lang="">2012</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">526-527</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref53" name="_ftn53" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[53]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">林榮洪:《屬靈神學</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲思想的研究》,頁</span><span lang="">27-28</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref54" name="_ftn54" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[54]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">同上書,頁</span><span lang="">32-33</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref55" name="_ftn55" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[55]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">『山東問題』發生於</span><span lang="">1919</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年。第一次世界大戰戰勝國之一的中國,戰後被日本政府要求割讓中國山東領土之部分主權。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref56" name="_ftn56" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[56]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">林榮洪:《屬靈神學</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲思想的研究》,頁</span><span lang="">18</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref57" name="_ftn57" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[57]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">倪柝聲:《聚會的生活》,《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="">輯第</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="">冊(臺北:臺灣福音書房),頁</span><span lang="">59-60</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">:</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">教會只有一個,正如基督的身體只有一個</span><span lang="">…</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,如馬太十八章所說的;只要在一個城市或村鎮,有一班信徒在那裏,一同聚集,這一班信徒,就是住在那個城市或村鎮的教會。</span><span lang="">…</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">教會只有一個,不過分散寄居在某某各地而已。聖經就是把寄居在某一地的教會中人,當作一個地方的教會,小規模的代表那個獨一無二的教會。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">』</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-02-04"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-02-04</span></a></span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref58" name="_ftn58" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[58]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">倪柝聲:《初信造就(上冊)》,《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="">輯第</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="">冊(臺北:臺灣福音書房),頁</span><span lang="">120</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">:</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span face="">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">你如果是屬乎主的人,是主所生的人,你不必加入教會,已經是教會裡的人了。</span><span lang="">…</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">所以教會是不必加入的,也是不能加入的。要加入也加不進去,不加入也已經在裡面。已經進去的,就已經進去了,不必加入。</span><span lang="">…</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">你是神所生的人,就已經在裡面。</span><span face="">』</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=3-02-07"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=3-02-07</span></a></span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref59" name="_ftn59" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[59]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">倪柝聲:《聚會的生活》,《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="">輯第</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="">冊(臺北:臺灣福音書房),頁</span><span lang="">72</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">:</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">在神方面,並沒有在中國的教會和在外國的教會之別。我們若只管在中國的教會,把在外國的教會割斷,就不是神的旨意。神的教會,是在全世界都找得到的。</span><span lang="">…</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">若是我們的交通,只限於中國,就是失去了身體的地位。』</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-02-04"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-02-04</span></a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-family: , serif;">;</span></span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span face="">頁</span><span lang="">127</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">:</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">聖經所主張的,本地的教會,是就地為政的。</span><span lang="">…</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">一面就是如何維持與別的聚會相同,一面就是如何維持本地的聚會,直接向神負責。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">』</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-02-06"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-02-06</span></a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span face="">。</span></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref60" name="_ftn60" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[60]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">同上書,頁</span><span lang="">127</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">:</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">神的界限,是在每一個城裡設立長老,所以,長老的權柄,不能越過城的界限。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">』</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-02-06">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-02-06</a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">同上書,頁</span><span lang="">19</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">:</span> <span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">長老和監督,是一個職分的兩種名稱。長老,是指人而言;監督,是指事而言。並且聖經中的長老,都是多數的,並無單數的</span><span lang="">…</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">神如何設立長老呢?在一個聚會中,總有好幾個弟兄,好像特別比別人顯露出他們的長進來,比別人更有見證,也羨慕作長老的事,也像長老,使徒就立他們作長老,來管理弟兄們。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">』</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-02-03">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-02-03</a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref61" name="_ftn61" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[61]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">林榮洪:《屬靈神學</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲思想的研究》,頁</span><span lang="">195-199</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref62" name="_ftn62" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[62]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">同上書,頁</span><span lang="">297</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref63" name="_ftn63" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[63]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">正如保羅在帖撒羅尼迦教會至少留了三週,才能離去。爾後,還需要多次回頭堅固信徒(參帖前一)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref64" name="_ftn64" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[64]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">林榮洪:《屬靈神學</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲思想的研究》,頁</span><span lang="">297</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref65" name="_ftn65" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[65]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲:《工作的再思》,《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">輯第</span><span lang="">10</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">冊(臺灣:臺灣福音書房),頁</span><span lang="">276-277</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">:</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">聖經裏還有一種的聚會,乃是『各人或有詩歌,或有教訓,或有啟示,或有方言,或有繙出來的話。』(林前十四</span><span lang="">26</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。)這一個是教會性的聚會;不是一個人主領的聚會,乃是彼此,乃是互相的聚會。在聖經中,使徒性的聚會,乃是一個人的;教會性的聚會,乃是兩個人或者三個人實行貢獻的,全體都有權可以貢獻的。</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">』</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-10-10">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-10-10</a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref66" name="_ftn66" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[66]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">同上書,頁</span><span lang="">229</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">:</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">『神所呼召的工人,不管他是甚麼種的職事,都該有信心來負他自己和工作一切的經濟責任。聖經裏從來沒有神的工人向誰領薪水的事。</span><span lang="">…</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">每一作工的人,對經濟的事,要非常的獨立。因相信神,所以敢獨立;因相信神,所以敢不倚靠人;因相信神,所以敢拒絕人。如果我們一直仰望人的供給,就人來源枯竭的時候,我們的來源也枯竭了。我們如果倚靠背後的人,就當這人出問題的時候,我們也出問題了。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">』</span><span lang="">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-10-09<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref67" name="_ftn67" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[67]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">賴恩融:《中國教會三巨人》,頁</span><span lang="">35</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref68" name="_ftn68" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[68]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲:《工作的再思》,《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">輯第</span><span lang="">10</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">冊(臺灣:臺灣福音書房),頁</span><span lang="">265-267</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-10-10">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-10-10</a></span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref69" name="_ftn69" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[69]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲:《聚會的生活》,《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">輯第</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">冊(臺北:臺灣福音書房),頁</span><span lang="">37-38</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">:</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">『聖經中並無工人不取薪水,就成為特殊受供給的階級。雖然彼得不再捕魚,但是,保羅卻仍織帳棚。有職業的工人,與無職業的工人,並沒有分別,也沒有分階級。</span><span lang="">…</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">有恩賜的人,可以一面有職業,一面作工。只要他的職業,不阻擋他的工作。我也盼望我能一面作工,一面有職業。我說這話,並不是因為我窮到沒有飯喫。靠信心度日,並非特殊聖潔的事。</span><span face="">』</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-02-03"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-02-03</span></a></span><span face="">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref70" name="_ftn70" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[70]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">李常受:《歷史與啟示》(臺北:臺灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">2007</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">181</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref71" name="_ftn71" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[71]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">李常受:《今時代神聖啟示的先見</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲》,頁</span><span lang="">98-101</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref72" name="_ftn72" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[72]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">參賴恩融:《中國教會三巨人》,頁</span><span lang="">49-51</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref73" name="_ftn73" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[73]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲:《工作的再思》,《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">輯第</span><span lang="">10</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">冊(臺灣:臺灣福音書房),頁</span><span lang="">274-289</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">:</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">『工作性的聚會不過是工作的一種方法。甚麼時候作工的人一走,工作就停;但教會性的聚會,是要仍然照舊繼續的。今天人沒有看見教會性的聚會,和工作性的聚會不同,所以往往作工的人一走,教會就不能有聚會了,因為沒有人能講那麼好的道,能負那個責任。這兩個必須分別。</span><span face="">』</span><span lang="">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-10-10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref74" name="_ftn74" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[74]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲:《執事報、復刊敞開的門(卷一)》《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">輯第</span><span lang="">9</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">冊(臺灣:臺灣福音書房),頁</span><span lang="">108-109</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">:</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">安提阿所作的,是保羅、巴拿巴,保羅、提摩太,保羅、西拉出去,到一個地方一個地方傳了福音,然後回來。是使徒出去傳福音,是使徒出去設立教會。這是一種。</span><span lang="">…</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">耶路撒冷的路,是所有相信主的人移民出去,他們到處傳福音。你們看見移民出去的結果,就是到處傳福音。(徒八</span><span lang="">4</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。)請你們記得,不管這一種移民,是平安的移民也好,或者是受逼迫的移民也好,但總是移民。</span><span face="">』</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=3-09-03"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=3-09-03</span></a></span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref75" name="_ftn75" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[75]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲:《聚會的生活》,《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">輯第</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">冊,頁</span><span lang="">7-9</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">:</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;">『神拯救罪人,使人得勝,是為建立教會。神賜下使徒,先知,傳福音的,牧師教師等,是為建立教會。</span><span lang="">…</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">教會是神的目的。</span><span lang="">…</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">我們看見個人的勝罪、得勝、救人的工作,算不得什麼。這一切不過是與本地聚會發生關係,這些並不能代替教會。因為神是以本地的教會為中心,其他都是要與這中心相聯合。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">』</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-02-02">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-02-02</a></span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span face="" lang="" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref76" name="_ftn76" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[76]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲:《復興報(卷四)》,《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">輯第</span><span lang="">11</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">冊(臺灣:臺灣福音書房),頁</span><span lang="">88</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">:</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">神真理的中心,就是基督。神的中心,就是基督。</span><span lang="">…</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">基督,是從神的計畫起始。神的目的,是為祂的兒子,「使祂可以在萬有上居首位。」神的計畫是在基督身上。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">』</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">頁</span><span lang="">114</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">:</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">全部聖經的真理,是有組織的,如車輪一樣。其中有一個中心,就是基督。我們並非不傳中心以外的真理。不過,需要把這些真理,和中心鉤起來。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">』</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/chapread.asp?bookno=1-11">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/chapread.asp?bookno=1-11</a></span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref77" name="_ftn77" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[77]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲:《工作的再思》,《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">輯第</span><span lang="">10</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">冊(臺灣:臺灣福音書房),頁</span><span lang="">13</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">:</span><span face="" lang=""><br />
</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">神的目的就是要人歸於祂兒子的名下,有分於祂兒子的生命,而作祂自己的孩子。神的目的就是要用這些人來加增祂的兒子,使個人的基督,能變成團體的基督。神所有的目的都在祂兒子身上!神的工作就是擴充祂自己的兒子!</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">』</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-10-01">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-10-01</a></span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span face="" lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref78" name="_ftn78" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[78]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲:《復興報(卷四)》《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">輯第</span><span lang="">11</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">冊(臺灣:臺灣福音書房),頁</span><span lang="">118-119</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">:</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">教會是基督的身體。身體當繼續頭的工作。教會是基督的豐滿。基督滿出來的,就是教會。教會當繼續四福音的事。新約有三點是最緊要的:(一)十字架;(二)教會;(三)國度。基督在十字架上,成功了救贖和得勝。國度是要顯明基督所成功的救贖和得勝。教會現在在地上,維持基督在十字架上所成功的。</span><span lang="">…</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">我們是繼續基督的;我們是延長基督的,(賽五三</span><span lang="">10</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,)像我們從前是延長亞當一樣。神留我們在地上,是要我們成功祂永遠的計畫,達到祂永遠的目的。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">』</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=1-11-11">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=1-11-11</a></span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲:《工作的再思》,《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">輯第</span><span lang="">10</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">冊(臺灣:臺灣福音書房),頁</span><span lang="">15</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">:</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">教會還不彀認識基督,在信仰上也不彀清楚。他們雖然都是有生命的人,但是,還不過是像嬰孩一樣,未到長大成人,滿有基督長成身量的地步。教會要達到一定的程度,纔能滿足神的心。神的一切都是為著基督,基督就是神的目的。神要一切蒙救贖的人,都完全從基督得生命,完全認識基督,也完全像祂。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">』</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-10-01">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-10-01</a></span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref79" name="_ftn79" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[79]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="">
</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲:《聚會的生活》,《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">輯第</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">冊,頁</span><span lang="">7</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">:</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">『</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">許多基督人說,我們並未設立差會、勉勵會、主日學、學校、醫院等工作</span><span lang="">…</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">我也並非說,熱心、得勝、聖潔,是不要緊的。這些都是要緊的。但是,神最終的目的,並不是這些。神是要團體的教會,是要房子,是要靈宮</span><span lang="">…</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">神所要的是教會。神是要叫基督在教會中居首位,作元首。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">』</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-02-02">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-02-02</a></span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref80" name="_ftn80" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[80]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">同註</span><span lang="">53</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=2-06-06</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref81" name="_ftn81" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[81]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲,《主恢復中成熟的帶領(卷二)》,《倪柝聲文集》第</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">輯第</span><span lang="">16</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">冊(臺灣:臺灣福音書房),頁</span><span lang="">7-8</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span>
<span lang=""><a href="http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=3-16-01">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=3-16-01</a></span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref82" name="_ftn82" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[82]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">林榮洪:《屬靈神學</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲思想的研究》,頁</span><span lang="">299</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref83" name="_ftn83" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[83]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">林榮洪:《風潮中奮起的中國教會》,頁</span><span lang="">82-83</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref84" name="_ftn84" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[84]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">倪氏在《工作的再思》一書中說明以這模式建立的本地教會。這是完全擺脫當時差會的模式,是一個另類完全『三自』的本土化教會。『地方教會』的教會模式,先由本地少數幾位成員建立起,效仿使徒時代的家庭聚會。開始時,教會經費不需很多,等到傳福音讓聚會人數增加,信徒明白了奉獻的教訓後,才去處理聚會場所的問題。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref85" name="_ftn85" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[85]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">林榮洪:《屬靈神學</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲思想的研究》,頁</span><span lang="">43</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span face="" lang="" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref86" name="_ftn86" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[86]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">莊祖鯤:《基督教與中國傳統文化之關係:契合與轉化》(陜西:陜西師範大學,</span><span lang="">2007</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">137-139</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">景教雖然在教義、會堂佈置、救濟事業等方面力求本土化,至唐武宗時期前,其宣教士仍清一色為波斯或西域之西目人。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref87" name="_ftn87" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[87]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">同上書,頁</span><span lang="">139</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">沒有任何證據顯示居社會下層的中國本土知識分子與也可里溫教有所往還。基於天主教會這種『金字塔式』的教會管理制度,一旦最上層治理人員不在,對本地甚至各地教會的治理就會造成很大問題。</span><span lang="">1333</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年,在總主教孟高維諾去世</span><span lang="">5</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年後,教會最高治理人員仍然空缺。當帖木兒興起,以鏟除基督教為己任後,基督教不久就同告蒙古帝國沒落。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref88" name="_ftn88" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[88]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">同上書,頁</span><span lang="">140-143</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">學識淵博、有獨到觀察力的利瑪竇,窺見本色化與本土化之緊要,展開與儒佛思想之對話,開啟了中國本色化宣教策略之門,但在培養中國本土的教士上又少又慢。到利瑪竇來華</span><span lang="">1900</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年前後,彌撒仍用拉丁文,中文聖經的翻譯才告完成。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref89" name="_ftn89" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[89]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">同上書,頁</span><span lang="">143-146</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">進入</span><span lang="">1920</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年代前,在神學本色化上,雖有相當多的模式被提出,並願採取文化調和的方式,惜在教會本土化上問題,並未多有顧及,如本地教會重大事情的決定權仍在西教士或團體手中,各種資源仍大量倚靠海外差會,並沒有太多根本性的改變。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref90" name="_ftn90" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[90]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">賴德烈:《基督教在華傳教史》,頁</span><span lang="">677-678</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref91" name="_ftn91" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[91]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">林榮洪:《風潮中奮起的中國教會》,頁</span><span lang="">101-102</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「在誠採怡看來,本色化的問題,就是如何使基督教在東方適合東方人之需要?如何使基督教事業,融洽東方方之習俗環境歷史思想,與其深入人心中不可破之數千年結晶文化?」引用</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">誠靜怡。〈本色教會之商榷〉。《文社月刊》,第一卷第一冊(</span><span lang="">1925</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年</span><span lang="">12</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">月),頁</span><span lang="">9-10</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref92" name="_ftn92" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[92]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">李向平:〈「海派基督教」及其歷程</span><span lang="">─</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">歐美基督教在近代上海的社會化問題〉</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang="">http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/21c/supplem/essay/0201075.htm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref94" name="_ftn94" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[94]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">參郭榮剛:〈倪柝聲中國「地方教會」運動的本土化實踐:「建制重構」到「內核回歸」〉</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref95" name="_ftn95" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[95]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">張化:〈中國耶穌教自立會述評〉。</span><span lang=""><a href="http://study.ccln.gov.cn/fenke/shehuixue/shrdyj/shmzyzj/92427-5.shtml">http://study.ccln.gov.cn/fenke/shehuixue/shrdyj/shmzyzj/92427-5.shtml</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref96" name="_ftn96" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[96]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">真耶穌教會官方網頁:</span><span lang="">http://members.zhtw.tjc.org/sites/zhtw/default.aspx<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref97" name="_ftn97" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[97]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">如</span><span lang="">1930</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年代與英國弟兄會和後來的史百克(</span><span lang="">Theodore Austin-Sparks</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span lang="">1888-1971</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)。史伯克是英國內里生命派的重要人物。原浸信會牧師,後成立貴橡基督徒交通中心,對倪柝聲影響很大的基督教領袖。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref98" name="_ftn98" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[98]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">林榮洪:《風潮中奮起的中國教會》,頁</span><span lang="">115-119</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref99" name="_ftn99" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[99]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">從</span><span lang="">1933</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">至</span><span lang="">1949</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">這</span><span lang="">16</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年時間裡,基督徒會堂受浸人數只有</span><span lang="">570</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">名人。王氏對每一個受浸加入教會的都有一定嚴格的要求。(</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">參魏外揚:〈九十年來</span><span lang="">─</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">王明道牧師千錘百鍊的一生〉;王明道</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">《華人基督教史人物辭典》</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref100" name="_ftn100" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[100]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">賴恩融:《中國教會三巨人》,頁</span><span lang="">37</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(另據統計,最興盛時</span><span lang="">1000</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">多處聚會地方,信徒約</span><span lang="">9</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">萬人)</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">趙天恩,莊婉芳:《當代中國基督教發展史(</span><span lang="">1949</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">~</span><span lang="">1997</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)》,頁</span><span lang="">118</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">註</span><span lang="">56</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref101" name="_ftn101" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[101]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">劉建平:《紅旗下的十字架</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">新中國成立初期中共對基督教、天主教的政策演變及其影響(</span><span lang="">1949-1955</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)》(香港:基督教中國宗教文化研究社,</span><span lang="">2012</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">4</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">註</span><span lang="">10</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">引用</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">〈中共中央關於天主教、基督教問題的指示〉一文,《建國以來重要文獻選編,</span><span lang="">1940-1950</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">》,第</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">冊(北京:文獻,</span><span lang="">1992</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">408-409</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref102" name="_ftn102" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[102]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">林榮洪:《屬靈神學</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">倪柝聲思想的研究》,頁</span><span lang="">300</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref103" name="_ftn103" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[103]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">白德禮:</span><span face="" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">〈</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">從宣教角度解讀倪柝聲〉,呂淵沛等著:《屬靈實際的追尋</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">從聖經、歷史、神學看倪柝聲的思想》,許宏度主編(臺北:華神,</span><span lang="">2003</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">271</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref104" name="_ftn104" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[104]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">同上書,頁</span><span lang="">187</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">:</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">正如林榮洪所評論,『倪氏所倡導的地方教會運動,是中國教會二、三十年代興起的本色化教會之一,對推動對努力實踐『三自原則』的近代中國教會發展,寫下重要一頁。』。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref105" name="_ftn105" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[105]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">呂淵沛:</span><span face="" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">〈</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">榮耀的教會:倪柝聲弟兄的教會論〉,呂淵沛等著:《屬靈實際的追尋</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">從聖經、歷史、神學看倪柝聲的思想》,許宏度主編(臺北:華神,</span><span lang="">2003</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">185-186</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref106" name="_ftn106" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[106]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">同上文,頁</span><span lang="">184</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">引用</span><span lang="">Kinnear,
<i>Against the Tide</i>: <i>The Story of Watchman Nee </i>(Eastbourne, England:
Victory Press, 1973)<i>, </i>190-191</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">;及</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">陳終道,《我的舅父倪柝聲》(香港:宣道出版社,</span><span lang="">1955</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),頁</span><span lang="">28-29</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref107" name="_ftn107" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[107]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">近代社會心理學中的社會學習理論(</span><span lang="">Social
cognitive theory</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">),這一理論源於行為主義學派的強化學習理論,指出不僅加諸於個體本身的刺激物可以讓其獲得或失去某種行為,觀察別的個體的社教化學習過程也可以獲得改變行為的效果,稱作『示範作用』。</span><span lang="">(</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">參</span><span lang="">Bandura,
A. (1988). Organizational Application of Social Cognitive Theory. Australian
Journal of management, 13(2), 275-302.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref108" name="_ftn108" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[108]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">趙天恩,莊婉芳:《當代中國基督教發展史(</span><span lang="">1949</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">~</span><span lang="">1997</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)》,頁</span><span lang="">90</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">尤其是在農村地區,政府未能完全禁止,且家庭聚會點越來越多。</span><span face="" lang="" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref109" name="_ftn109" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[109]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">呂淵沛:</span><span face="" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">〈</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">榮耀的教會:倪柝聲弟兄的教會論〉,頁</span><span lang="">186</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">:</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">『在共產黨奪下中國大陸之前,倪弟兄所作的,正是西方宣教士所失敗的。歷史證明他是唯一的一位,提供給中國教會一套整全可實行的教會論,預報中國教會面對將要來臨的嚴厲逼迫。中國教會在西方差會完全撤退之後,雖經歷狂風暴雨,仍然堅忍不拔,增長百倍。神使用了倪弟兄的教會論,裝備了中國教會,在二十世紀的後半,為主作了美好的見證。』</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref110" name="_ftn110" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[110]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">參</span><span lang="">Dennis H. McCallum, “</span><span lang="">Watchman
Nee and the House Church Movement in China”</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">〈倪柝聲與中國家庭教會〉</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)一文。</span><span lang="">http://www.xenos.org/essays/watchman-nee-and-house-church-movement-china<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref111" name="_ftn111" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[111]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">同上書,頁</span><span lang="">216-218</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref112" name="_ftn112" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[112]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">維基百科:</span><span lang=""><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83">http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83</a></span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref113" name="_ftn113" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[113]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Andrews
Walls, “The Gospel as the Prisoner and Liberator of Culture.” Missionalia, 10/3
(Nov. 1982) 92:-105. </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">引述自</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">莊祖鯤:《基督教與中國傳統文化之關係:契合與轉化》,頁</span><span lang="">99</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref114" name="_ftn114" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[114]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="">
</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">「地方教會」在</span><span lang="">1950</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年代擴展至台灣、東南亞,</span><span lang="">1960</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">年代起至北美及至各大洲。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">至今,在中國大陸以外,世界各地建立約</span><span lang="">4000</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">處「地方教會」,信徒數目約在</span><span lang="">150</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">至</span><span lang="">200</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">萬之間(</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">參郭榮剛,〈倪柝聲中國「地方教會」運動的本土化實踐:「建制重構」到「內核回歸」〉,註</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">)</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///E:/QP1800443/Root/My%20Theo/My%20cgst%20study/2015%E6%98%A5_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/CHN103_%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%833_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0_final_song.docx#_ftnref115" name="_ftn115" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">[115]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">成大福,〈家庭教會何去何從?</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">談大陸家庭教會的發展模式,兼談海外教會發展路線的省思〉,《中國與福音(雙月刊)》,</span><span lang="">15</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">期,</span><span lang="">1996</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(臺北:中國福音會):頁</span><span lang="">17-22</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-38747846545156628982015-01-09T04:05:00.005-08:002020-08-30T16:16:16.405-07:00系列神學〈1〉:從愛任紐的基督論探討神的救贖計劃(oikonomia)之意義<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Saint_Irenaeus.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Saint_Irenaeus.jpg" width="150" /></a></h2>
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<div><span style="text-align: left;">湃 恩</span></div></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">引</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">言</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face="">里昂的愛任紐(</span><span lang="">Irenaeus
of Lyons, 130</span><span face="">~</span><span lang="">202</span><span face="">),生於公元</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="">世紀小亞細亞的早期基督教的主教,</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">被視為頭一位教會系統神學家,其著作奠定了早期基督教神學發展。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">根據傳統,他是使徒約翰門徒坡雷卡(</span><span lang="">Polycarpus</span><span face="">,</span><span lang="">69</span><span face="">~</span><span lang="">156</span><span face="">)的學生,師承使徒約翰的統緒,</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">也繼承使徒保羅的教導。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">在第</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="">世紀各種侵擾教會的異端當中,以衝著福音的中心</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="">基督的位格與其工作的諾斯底派(</span><span lang="">Gnostics</span><span face="">)的危害最大,其中以華倫天努學派</span><span face="">(</span><span lang="">Valentinians</span><span face="">)為首。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">愛任紐面對著這嚴峻困境,他重新闡述保羅的獨特用辭<b>『</b></span><b><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i></b><b><span face="">』(經世計劃)</span></b><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[6]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></b></span></a><span face="">,用之來統合舊約的啟示和新約的使徒教導,</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">並以耶穌基督的位格和工作,為其所架構之神學的中心點,來對抗諾斯底派。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">本文旨在<b>從愛任紐的基督論來探討神這『經世計劃』的意義</b>。首先,探討<b>基督的位格</b>在愛氏對</span><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i><span face="">理解中的位置:愛氏認為基督道成肉身,成了具有真實神人二性的神人,是三一神完成祂</span><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i><span face="">之目標的基礎和關鍵,而這目標乃是人性的聖化。接著探究<b>基督的工作</b>在</span><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i><span face="">裡的功用<b>:</b>愛氏看基督開創了新人性,並率先經過『下降與上升』歷程,又與信徒聯合,使他們不斷地有分於三一神而使人性逐漸上升,最終分享神聖榮耀,達到神原初創造的目的,完成了神的</span><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i><span face="">之目標和計劃。最後,總結愛氏神學中</span><b><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i></b><b><span face="">的神學意義</span></b><span face="">,及對後世神學發展及今日教會見證的影響。</span><span lang="" style="color: red; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">第一部分:探討</span></b><b><i><span lang="" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">oikonomia</span></i></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">下之基督的位格</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="">愛任紐最重要的著作為</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">駁斥當時日漸茁壯的諾斯底主義而著的《反異端》(</span><i><span lang="">Against Heresies</span></i><i><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span></i><i><span lang="">AH</span></i><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。這主義起源複雜,混雜了東方神祕宗教及西方希臘哲學思想。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">但簡言之,它是一種極端二元對立思想:視物質世界為邪惡,靈界為美善。人的靈魂原為神性一部,因墮落跌入身體的『牢獄』中。人的救恩只能由『從至高者而來的智者』帶來的『隱密的智慧』(</span><i><span lang="">gnosis</span></i><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">)而得。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">愛氏察覺到,若按此觀念,一個擁有真實肉身之基督必定不能作為人類的救贖者,也無法是世界的創造者。這樣敵視物質與漠視歷史,必定嚴重地違悖使徒的見證並動搖福音的救恩。故此,愛氏窮半生力抗諾斯底主義。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">愛氏首先要證明使徒們所教導並傳承下來的救恩福音,是坐落在<b>『</b></span><b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體;">一位且是同一位主(</span></b><b><span lang="">the one and the
same Lord</span></b><b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體;">)』</span></b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體;">身上</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">救贖者</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體;">基督就是那位創造萬有的神。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">而基督的道成肉身更是整個救贖的關鍵。神的兒子(道)必須成為有血有肉的人,真實經歷人性生活,才能拯救與恢復墮落的人性。如果祂非同時是真神和真人,救恩便沒有可能。他在駁斥中以弗一</span><span lang="">10</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">的</span><i><span lang="">anakephalaiosis</span></i><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">(同歸於一,</span><span lang="">recapitulation</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">)(意『重新作頭』)闡釋使徒的教導:他認為基督的救贖,乃是給人性提供新的起頭。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">整個『同歸於一』的過程,是按著神所定下的</span><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">,以耶穌基督的道成肉身為高峰。</span><i><span lang="">Oikonomia</span></i><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">這辭在《反異端》第三部算起,</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">共出現</span><span lang="">107</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">次之多,</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">反映它是愛氏架構其神學的主軸,要將萬有都統攝在基督裡面:</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span face="">耶穌基督來到,<b>按照神的整個經世計劃(</b></span><b><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i></b><b><span face="">),使萬有在祂裡面匯聚(</span></b><b><i><span lang="">anakephalaiosis</span></i></b><b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span></b><span face="">。然而,祂在各方面都是人,神的塑造之物:故此,祂<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK640"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK639"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK638">親自把人帶入自己裡面</a>,不可見的成為可見的,無法被理解的成為可被理解的,不可受苦的成為可受苦的,<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK645"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK644"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK643"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK642"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK641">道被造成為人</a>,<b>將萬有總和於自身之內</b>:好叫在天以外的、屬靈的、和看的見的事物中居有至高無上的地位,並使得自己成為最超越的,並在指定的時候,將<b>萬有都歸於自己</b>。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><br />
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<span face="">對愛氏來說,人類的罪與墮落始於第一個人亞當的不順服。基督來成了『第二亞當』,在祂人性中順服神,不但扭轉了人因第一亞當墮落所進入的敗壞,恢復人原初『神的形像』,更使人藉分享祂的新人性,成為新族類,把人性提昇到墮落前也未曾經歷到的境界:</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span face="">當祂成為肉身時,祂將整個人類總括在祂自己身上,以將救恩賜給我們。這樣,我們在亞當裡所喪失之神的形像,可以在基督耶穌裡<b>恢復過來</b>。</span><span lang="">…</span><span face="">神在基督裡面<b>重新作人古老構造的頭(</b></span><b><span lang="">recapitulated</span></b><b><span face="">)</span></b><span face="">,使祂可以<b>除去罪和死的權勢</b>,<b>使人重生</b>,故祂的工作是真實的。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">愛氏清楚指出道成肉身和救贖的一個目標:就是使人性更新變化,成為分享神性的人(彼後一</span><span lang="">4</span><span face="">),進入不朽壞之中。愛氏這個救贖觀念,後來的教父稱為『聖化』(</span><span lang="">deification</span><span face="">)或『神化』(</span><i><span lang="">theosis</span></i><span face="">)。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">如此,愛氏認為在神的</span><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i><span face="">中</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">展現了一個<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK233">『交換公式』(</a></span><span lang="">Exchange Formula</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="">:</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span face="">因為神的道,<b>神的兒子成了人</b>,使那些與道合一的人,領受兒子的名分,<b>成為神的兒子</b>。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><br />
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</span><span face="">神的道,我們的主耶穌基督,因祂的大愛,<b>成為了我們</b>,好使我們<b>成為祂</b>。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><br />
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<span face="">基督道成肉身,將人性與神性聯合,開創了受造的與非受造的聯合,<b>這使神在祂</b></span><b><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i></b><b><span face="">中的目標成為可能</span></b><span face="">。道成肉身的事件,<b>背後是按照神所定下的</b></span><b><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i></b><b><span face="">進行,要藉著『聖化』最終達到『同歸於一』</span></b><span face="">。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">第二部分:探討</span></b><b><i><span lang="" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">oikonomia</span></i></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">下之基督的工作</span></b><b><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span face="">愛任紐看道成肉身只是『同歸於一』,即人到達神那裡去的旅程,成為不朽壞之先決條件,這目標還需要<b>神與信徒聯合使他們有分</b>才能完成。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">愛氏特別使用</span><i><span lang="">koin</span></i><i><span lang="">ó</span></i><i><span lang="">nia</span></i><span face="">(在基督裡有分,</span><span lang="">participation in Christ</span><span face="">)</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">這辭來描述。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">這辭在《反異端》中使用超過</span><span lang="">80</span><span face="">次,意思非『個體聚合』或『本體上合併』,而是描述<b>神在基督裡使信徒分享祂生命的方式</b>。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Paul Lebeau</span><span face="">認為,愛氏整個神學可以</span><i><span lang="">koin</span></i><i><span lang="">ó</span></i><i><span lang="">nia</span></i><span face="">來總括表示。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">愛氏分析當時諾斯底派的教訓,表面上他們是持二元對立及徹底分隔的宇宙觀,認為整個受造界都是在邁向崩潰和分散,是出於一個神性源頭的一系列流出(</span><span lang="">emanation</span><span face="">),而人內裡有一部分叫『靈』(</span><i><span lang="">pneuma</span></i><span face="">)或『火花』(</span><span lang="">spark</span><span face="">),正是這神性的流出,但被困於受造界內。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">人的得救就在藉『智慧』與那至高神明的靈體感通,而逐漸脫離敗壞肉身和物質界,邁向那神性(</span><span lang="">the One</span><span face="">)</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">故此,諾派的救恩觀其實是</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">一元的(</span><span lang="">monistics</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">愛氏認為按著諾派觀念,人的『靈』若是神性的延伸(</span><span lang="">extension of the divinity</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">),神與人的區別就會被</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">抺</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 華康中明體;">去,</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">神人聯合裡的</span><i><span lang="">koin</span></i><i><span lang="">ó</span></i><i><span lang="">nia</span></i><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">也隨之失去。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">因此,他的反駁方式是:(一)重建<b>『神創造</b></span><b><span lang="">—</span></b><b><span face="">人受造』分界線</span></b><span face="">(</span><span lang="">Creator-creature
line</span><span face="">),及(二)重述<b>神與人聯合裡的</b></span><b><i><span lang="">koin</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="">ó</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="">nia</span></i></b><span face="">。首先,他指人作為受造物,人存在意義在於作接受者(</span><span lang="">receiver</span><span face="">),不斷地有分於三一神,使他人性逐漸向創造者上升(</span><span lang="">ascend</span><span face="">)</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">而邁向完全(</span><span lang="">perfection</span><span face="">)。最終與創造者相像,</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">分享祂的神聖榮耀。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[32]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">如此,人才達到神造人的目的。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">而這神聖榮耀乃是存在於</span><i><span lang="">koin</span></i><i><span lang="">ó</span></i><i><span lang="">nia</span></i><span face="">內。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">並且,愛任紐指受造的人性『上升』是照著三一神</span><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i><span face="">所定下之<b>『下降』(</b></span><b><span lang="">descent</span></b><b><span face="">)與『上升』的模式</span></b><span face="">:三一神先起始進到人性裡,最後帶著人回到祂自己裡面。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">子基督和聖靈正是協助父完成祂這旨意的『雙手』(</span><span lang="">two hands</span><span face="">)(</span><i><span lang="">AH</span></i><span lang="">, 4.Pref</span><span face="">):</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">靠著<b>父的</b>設計和旨意,<b>子的</b>執行和行動,<b>靈的</b>澆灌和加添,受造的人一步步地向上,達到完全,那就是接近那非受造者。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><br />
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</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">這就是那些得救之人的進程,他們是按照這種步驟前進的:他們是由<b>聖靈</b>而上升到<b>子</b>那裡,再由<b>子</b>上升到<b>父</b>那裡。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><br />
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<span lang=""> Canlis</span><span face="">稱愛氏此救恩行動為三一的『上升的經世計劃』(</span><span lang="">ascending economy</span><span face="">)。這計劃是神從創造開始,涵蓋整個救恩歷史,並分為三個階段完成:</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="">(一)從亞當至基督</span></b><span lang="">—</span><span face="">神所創造的亞當雖是美好的,卻並未完全。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">人的命定是要先學習作受造者(『下降』),在愛裡相信並順服造他的主,</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[41]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">藉著不斷地接受祂的生命與對祂恩典的回應,就漸漸成長上升,達致完全,有分創造者的榮耀,而成為神(</span><span lang="">gods</span><span face="">)。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn42" name="_ftnref42" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[42]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">這『上升』全在於</span><i><span lang="">koin</span></i><i><span lang="">ó</span></i><i><span lang="">nia</span></i><span face="">,並非如諾派的救贖觀般</span><span face="">抺</span><span face="">殺</span><span face="">了『創造</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="">受造』間的區別及兩者間的</span><i><span lang="">koin</span></i><i><span lang="">ó</span></i><i><span lang="">nia</span></i><span face="">。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn43" name="_ftnref43" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[43]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="">(二)從基督至聖靈降下</span></b><span lang="">—</span><span face="">按照預定的計劃,時候滿足時,基督先『下降』取了人性,成了第二亞當。祂開創新人性,</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn44" name="_ftnref44" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[44]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">重新恢復亞當失去之神的形像,重現人性『上升』的可能。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn45" name="_ftnref45" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[45]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">然後,祂重演第一亞當的歷史,藉著順服至死敗壞了罪和死後,</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn46" name="_ftnref46" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[46]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">自己先經歷復活與『上升』,帶著復活的身體升到父那裡,領先『進入榮耀裡』(來二</span><span lang="">10</span><span face="">),成了『初熟果子』(林前十五</span><span lang="">23</span><span face="">)和『長子』(</span><span lang="">firstborn Son</span><span face="">)。基督的人性使神人間的</span><i><span lang="">koin</span></i><i><span lang="">ó</span></i><i><span lang="">nia</span></i><span face="">成為可能,預備將信徒作成『眾子』跟隨祂進入榮耀(羅八</span><span lang="">29</span><span face="">~</span><span lang="">30</span><span face="">)。反觀,諾派的救贖觀因徹底撇除基督的成肉身與祂身體復活的真實,</span><i><span lang="">koin</span></i><i><span lang="">ó</span></i><i><span lang="">nia</span></i><span face="">就沒有可能。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn47" name="_ftnref47" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[47]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="">(三)從聖靈降下至基督再臨</span></b><span lang="">—</span><span face="">神自列祖各時代以來,藉著祂的靈,已開始一面訓練和預備人,使人類習慣與祂有</span><i><span lang="">koin</span></i><i><span lang="">ó</span></i><i><span lang="">nia</span></i><span face="">,</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn48" name="_ftnref48" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[48]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">另一面預備好基督的人性,讓祂與人聯合。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn49" name="_ftnref49" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[49]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">基督『上升』後降下聖靈,澆灌在一切屬肉體之人身上。這靈是人類藉以上升到父的『梯子』</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn50" name="_ftnref50" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[50]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="">。聖靈分賜神的生命,領人主觀經驗與三一神的</span><i><span lang="">koin</span></i><i><span lang="">ó</span></i><i><span lang="">nia</span></i><span face="">,最終將人的靈、魂、體三部分,都提高到神的生命裡,完全彰顯神的形像和榮耀。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn51" name="_ftnref51" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[51]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">這點反駁了諾派的『靈界</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="">物質』二元對立觀,這觀廢棄人性的完整,以及神完全(</span><span lang="">holistic</span><span face="">)的救恩。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn52" name="_ftnref52" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[52]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">這憑據(聖靈)既留在我們裡面,就使我們成為屬靈的人,於是這必死的,就被不死吞滅了。然而<b>這事成就,並不是由於將肉體取消,而是由於與聖靈相通。</b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn53" name="_ftnref53" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[53]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><br />
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</span><b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">完全的人包含肉體,魂,和靈三部分</span></b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">。三者中拯救人而形成人者,乃是靈。那聯結起來,具有形體者,乃是肉體。介乎靈與肉體之間者為魂。</span><span lang="">…</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">凡敬畏神,又相信祂的兒子降世,因信而有神的靈在心裡的人,乃得稱為清潔,屬靈,向神活著的人,因為<b>他們有神的靈,這靈清潔之人,並將人提高到神的生命</b>。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn54" name="_ftnref54" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[54]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><br />
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7300363163767421288" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7300363163767421288" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span face="">總括而言,愛氏認為『神的經世計劃』就是將萬有『同歸於一』於元首基督裡,這是神創造的目的與救贖的目標,而基督也是神達成此目標的憑藉:神<b>在子裡</b>創造人(</span><span lang="">God makes <i>in the Son</i></span><span face="">),人也<b>在子裡</b>正被造成為神的兒子(</span><span lang="">Men are
being made <i>in the Son</i></span><span face="">)。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn55" name="_ftnref55" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[55]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="">。在『神的經世計劃』裡:基督的成肉身是信徒聖化的<b>基礎</b>和<b>中心</b>;模成基督的形像是信徒聖化的<b>目標</b>;基督的『下降與上升』歷程是信徒聖化的<b>模式</b>;有分於基督是信徒聖化的<b>方式</b>(</span><span lang="">way</span><span face="">);最後,基督的靈</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">是信徒聖化的<b>憑藉</b>(</span><span lang="">means</span><span face="">)</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">。可見,愛氏理解<b>整個</b></span><b><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i></b><b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">是與基督的位格與工作(救贖)緊密連繫著</span></b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">。總結,筆者嘗試將以上討論簡化作以下圖表表達:</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5jsrpeFO5ThmfReaXf_GL_66257Ba3sO_6fhYA8iqiLFFkkqILDoRvaABuNXF3fS5czyUSTPMpZY5KuKqZ3JyLD4wgwRufufnFThyphenhyphenxnCkJUNUXnlaicT0lCz9bM2AmZSiILjwhWOg0pQ/s1600/oikonomia-theosis.jpg" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center; text-indent: 24pt;"><img border="0" height="194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5jsrpeFO5ThmfReaXf_GL_66257Ba3sO_6fhYA8iqiLFFkkqILDoRvaABuNXF3fS5czyUSTPMpZY5KuKqZ3JyLD4wgwRufufnFThyphenhyphenxnCkJUNUXnlaicT0lCz9bM2AmZSiILjwhWOg0pQ/s1600/oikonomia-theosis.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
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<b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">第三部分:總結愛氏神學中</span></b><b><i><span lang="" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">oikonomia</span></i></b><b><span face="" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">的意義</span></b><b><span lang="" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span lang="">Oikonomia</span></i><span face="">這辭原由</span><i><span lang="">oikos</span></i><span face="">與</span><i><span lang="">nomos</span></i><span face="">組成,本意為家庭中的管理法則或職責的監管。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn56" name="_ftnref56" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[56]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">使徒保羅將之指涉神救恩的計畫、行政管理、秩序。這辭最合適用以作連繫並架構聖經中各論的主軸。作為熟悉保羅教導的愛任紐,</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn57" name="_ftnref57" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[57]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">亦同樣以</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK41"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK40"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK39"><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i></a><span face="">作為他的神學<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK36"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK35">主軸。他在反駁諾斯底派中展現『</a>神完整救恩之經世計劃(</span><span lang="">whole economy of salvation</span><span face="">)』圖畫。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn58" name="_ftnref58" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[58]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">這經世計劃完全在於<b>基督的位格與工作</b>:以在基督裡創造為<b>起點</b>、基督的成肉身為<b>中心</b>,以及在基督裡有分(</span><i><span lang="">koinónia</span></i><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span face="">為<b>內容</b>。筆者認為在愛氏對</span><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i><span face="">的理解裡,在基督裡有分乃是<b>創造與道成肉身的延續</b>,是</span><b><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i></b><b><span face="">的</span></b><b><span face="">完成</span></b><span face="">。受造之人竟能有分於創造之神,這完全基於基督神人二性的位格。人藉著與基督的位格聯合,有分於三一神的生命而『聖化』,同時又保持『創造</span><span lang="">—</span><span face="">受造』的區別。因此,基督徒信仰和生活的內容最大部分就是在基督裡有分。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn59" name="_ftnref59" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[59]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">總結,愛氏憑著他獨特的身分,宣告他有從使徒統緒傳承下來對『經世計劃』的真實認識,徹底地駁斥諾派的『另一經世計劃(</span><span lang="">another
Dispensation</span><span face="">)』</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn60" name="_ftnref60" title=""><sup><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[60]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">。他鑿破諾派受異教和哲學思想影響的錯謬:二元對立思想,把神與創造者、創造者與救贖者、救贖者與基督、基督與耶穌分割。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn61" name="_ftnref61" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[61]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">愛氏的努力和貢獻保守了教會歷代以後能忠於使徒教導,並對以後教父,如俄利根、亞他那修、奧古斯丁等,甚至改教家,如加爾文</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn62" name="_ftnref62" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[62]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;">的神學發展,影響深遠鉅大。他們往後對神救贖計劃的教導都建基於愛任紐的觀點,包涵<b>基督的道成肉身</b>與<b>人在與基督聯合裡的聖化</b>這兩點。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn63" name="_ftnref63" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[63]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="">20</span><span face="">世紀中國地方教會領袖李常受,繼承自他同工倪柝聲的觀點,亦嘗試以『神的經綸(</span><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i><span face="">)』展開他的神學起點,以『聖化』</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn64" name="_ftnref64" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[64]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">為其神學終點。在</span><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i><span face="">的教導</span><span face="">上,李氏與愛任紐與改革家加爾文的教導相當近似。但李氏認為在</span><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i><span face="">下的聖化是在三部分(</span><span lang="">tripartite</span><span face="">)人論模型之中進行,他視人的靈為聖化過程中信徒經驗</span><i><span lang="">koin</span></i><i><span lang="">ó</span></i><i><span lang="">nia</span></i><span face="">的關鍵點。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn65" name="_ftnref65" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[65]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">筆者認為在人性解構(</span><span lang="">human constitution</span><span face="">)上,李氏較加爾文更接近愛任紐,因二人同屬『三部分人觀』。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn66" name="_ftnref66" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[66]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">此外,李氏認為</span><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i><span face="">有兩面意義:一面是『安排計劃』(</span><span lang="">dispensation</span><span face="">);另一面是『分賜』(</span><span lang="">dispensing</span><span face="">),他並且嘗試將『分賜』一面的意義聯於信徒經驗聖化。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn67" name="_ftnref67" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[67]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">筆者認為李氏對</span><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i><span face="">『分賜』一面的理解,意義上就是愛任紐的</span><i><span lang="">koin</span></i><i><span lang="">ó</span></i><i><span lang="">nia</span></i><span face="">。</span><span lang="" style="color: red; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">最後,筆者認為愛任紐這種從</span><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i><span face="">去理解基督論和救贖論,有助提升今日信徒靈命的注重與教會的見證。</span><span lang="">Tanner</span><span face="">指出基督是信徒活出三一生命(</span><span lang="">Trinitarian life</span><span face="">)的關鍵。她指基督地上的生活展現了三一的內在關係和生命,並且祂這『下降與上升』歷程乃是信徒的模型。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn68" name="_ftnref68" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[68]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">現今信徒藉著受浸與領聖餐,持續不斷地聯合於基督,這模型也會重複在信徒的生活中,包括在他們向神的敬拜(『上升』)及向世界的事奉(『下降』)中,展現出三一的生命。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn69" name="_ftnref69" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[69]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="" style="color: red; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="">遺憾的是,</span><span lang="">16</span><span face="">世紀宗教改革以後的大多數神學家,都否認或忽略這個在教會傳統以來在</span><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i><span face="">之下的救恩觀,偏重於以個人與神復和為中心的救恩觀。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn70" name="_ftnref70" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[70]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">這造成日後更正教偏重個人得救,而輕得救後的成聖。近年香港華人教會和信徒更在『屬靈消費主義』影響下,將他們與三一神的生命關係,失於他們生命中的首位。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftn71" name="_ftnref71" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 華康中明體; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[71]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="">其實,教會不僅該注重信主人數的增加,也同時該幫助信徒建立與三一神親密、愛的團契關係。如此,才叫信徒與教會真正活在神救贖計劃之中。筆者認為愛任紐的神學不僅最能體現使徒的教導,也適用於今天教會普遍狀況。愛氏神學有助信徒復以基督為生命的中心,提升靈性品質與教會的見證。筆者認為愛任紐對</span><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i><span face="">的理解,值得華人更正教會未來進一步的研究,以保守更正教會留在使徒傳給我們的信仰之中(約壹一</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="">~</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="">《</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">基督教歷代名著集成:尼西亞前期教父選集》(香港:基督教文藝出版社,</span><span lang="">1998</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">),頁</span><span lang="">11</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><br />
John Behr, <i>Irenaeus of
Lyons: Identifying Christianity </i>(Oxford University Press, 2013), p71.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> H. B. Swete, foreword in F. R. m. Hitchcock, <i>Irenaeus of Lyons:
A Study of his Teaching, </i>(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1914). “No
early Christian writer has deserved better of the whole Church than Irenaeus.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">陶理,《基督教二千年史》(</span><i><span lang="">The History of
Christianity</span></i><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),李伯明、林牧野合譯(香港:海天,</span><span lang="">2004</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),頁</span><span lang="">119</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">愛任紐建構其系統神學主題的兩個關鍵詞:</span><i><span lang="">oikonomia</span></i><span style="font-family: , serif;">和</span><i><span lang="">anakephalaiosis</span></i><span style="font-family: , serif;">均出自使徒保羅著作的獨特用辭。以希臘文為寫作母語之愛氏必然深明白保羅教導的獨特觀點因而採用之,而新約記載保羅也曾停留在小亞細亞地區多年建立和牧養教會,更印證這觀點。(參選集</span><span lang="">1</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">11</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span lang="">16</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">頁)</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Eric Osbron, <i>Irenaeus of Lyons </i>(UK: Cambridge, 2002), p55-58.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這辭英文譯為</span><span lang="">Economy</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">或</span><span lang="">Dispensation</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,中文有譯為『(救贖)計劃</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast;">』</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、『經世</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast;">』</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">或『經綸</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast;">』</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Jules Gross, <i>The Divinization of the Christian: According to the
Greek Fathers</i>, Paul A. Onica trans.(US: A&C Press, 2002), p120.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">約納斯(</span><span lang="">Hans Jonas</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast;">《諾斯替宗教:異鄉神的信息與基督教的開端》</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="">The Gnostic
Religion: The Message of Alien God and the Beginning of Christianity</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast;">(</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">歷代基督教思想學術文庫:研究系列),張新樟譯(香港:道風,</span><span lang="">2003</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),頁</span><span lang="">42</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">~</span><span lang="">45</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">黃錫木、孫寶玲、張略合撰,《新約歷史與宗教文化導論》(聖經導論叢書,香港:基道,</span><span lang="">2002</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),頁</span><span lang="">218</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">~</span><span lang="">219</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><br />
<i>AH </i>4.Pref.:” For as the serpent beguiled Eve, by promising her what he
had not himself, so also do these men, by <b>pretending [to possess] superior
knowledge</b>”. <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103400.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103400.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">凱利(</span><span lang="">J. N. D. Kelly</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),</span><span face="">《</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">早期基督教教義(</span><span lang="">Early
Christian Doctrine</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span face="">》</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,康來昌譯(台灣:中華,</span><span lang="">2010</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),頁</span><span lang="">15</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">~</span><span lang="">19</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <i>AH</i>, 4.9.2 “<b>For one and the same Lord</b>,…confers gifts
upon men, that is, His own presence, and the resurrection from the dead” <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103409.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103409.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">奧爾森(</span><span lang="">Roger E. Olson</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),</span><span face="">《</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">神學的故事</span><span face="">》</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="">The Story of Christian Theology</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),吳瑞誠、徐成德譯(臺灣:校園,</span><span lang="">2002</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),頁</span><span lang="">85</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">~</span><span lang="">87</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">《反異端》的頭兩部主要著重在拆解並駁斥諾斯底主義,愛氏的論述重點主要在第三至第五部,重構基督信仰的『有分』(</span><span lang="">Participation</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span lang="">11</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">次被用來描繪諾斯底派提出的假冒觀念。參</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast;">謝仁壽、周復初,</span><span face="">〈</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast;">本土化神學經綸、神化、人的靈</span><span face="">〉</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast;">,收郭承天、周復初、蔡彥仁編,《基督生命長成─現代中國本土基督教神學之發展論文集》(臺灣:橄欖,</span><span lang="">2013</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">此處為根據</span><span lang="">Philip Schaff</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">之英文本</span><i><span lang="">ANP01. The Apostolic
Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus, AH </span></i><span lang="">3.16.6</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">重譯,見</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103316.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103316.htm</a></span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">奧爾森,頁</span><span lang="">88</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">~</span><span lang="">89</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <i>AH</i> 3.18.1 “<b>when He became incarnate, and was made man</b>,
He commenced afresh the long line of human beings, and furnished us, in a
brief, comprehensive manner, with salvation; so that <b>what we had lost in Adam</b>—namely,
to be according to the <b>image and likeness of God</b>—that<b> we might
recover in Christ Jesus</b>.”. <br />
3.18.7 “<b>God recapitulated in Himself
the ancient formation of man (first Adam</b>), that He might kill sin, deprive
death of its power, and vivify man; and therefore His works are true.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103318.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103318.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Jules Gross, p61, 109: “<b>Beginning with Saint Irenaeus</b>, many
fathers concluded from the account of the forming of Adam that a certain <b>deification</b>
of the latter exists.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> R. A. Norris, Jr., <i>God and world in early Christian theology (Study
in Patristic Thought)</i>, (US: A&C Black Publishers, 1967), p94. Canlis, p206.<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <i>AH </i>3.19.1. “the Word of God was made man, and He who was the
Son of God<b> became the Son of man</b>, that man, having been taking into the
Word, and receiving the adoption, <b>might become the son of God</b>.” <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103319.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103319.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn21">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <i>AH </i>5.Preface, “the Word of God, our Lord Jesus Christ, who
did, through His transcendent love, <b>become what we are</b>, <b>that He might
bring us to be even what He is Himself</b>”. <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103500.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103500.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">奧爾森,頁</span><span lang="">89</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="">Canlis, p188-191.</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">凱利,頁</span><span lang="">116</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">~</span><span lang="">118</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><br />
</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">諾門</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast;">‧</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">拉索(</span><span lang="">Norman Russell</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),</span><span face="">《</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">希臘教父傳統中的神化教義</span><span face="">》</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><i><span lang="">The Doctrine of
Deification in the Greek Patristic Tradition</span></i><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),謝仁壽、周復初譯(臺灣:聖經資源中心,</span><span lang="">2014</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),頁</span><span lang="">146</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">英文多譯作『</span><span lang="">Participation</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">」、『</span><span lang="">Sharing</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">」、『</span><span lang="">Communion</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">」、『</span><span lang="">Fellowship</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">」、,如</span><span lang="">Ante-Nicene Fathers edition of <i>Against Heresies </i>(1885)</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">;中文則多譯為『有分」、『分享」、『契合」、『團契」、『交通」等。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="ftn25">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Julie Canlis, <i>Calvin Ladder: </i>A Spiritual Theology of Ascent
and Ascension (UK: Cambridge, 2010), p17-18, 222.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Paul Lebeau, “Koinonia: la signification du selon saint Irénée, “
in <i>Epektasis </i>[Beauchesne, 1972], p122, 124</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">;</span><span lang="">Lebeau</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">認為諾斯底的宇宙觀是建於其<b>不能契合(</b></span><b><span lang="">Incommunicability</span></b><b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span></b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">和<b>解體(</b></span><b><span lang="">dissociation</span></b><b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span></b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的原則;而愛任紐的宇宙觀則是一個<b>統一</b>、<b>萬物可在保持本體的獨特性下,彼此開放契合(</b></span><b><span lang="">communicable</span></b><b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span></b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的宇宙。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">約納斯,頁</span><span lang="">57</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">~</span><span lang="">62</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Canlis, p178-179. <i>AH </i>4.Pref.4, 3.16.8 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Canlis, p183-186.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> “</span><span lang="">Ascend”</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這辭在《反異端》中,使用了超過</span><span lang="">42</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">次。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Canlis, p180. <i>AH </i>3.24.1, 4.9.3, 4.11.1-2, 4.38.1-3, 4.39.2,
5.36.1-3.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<i><span lang="">
AH </span></i><span lang="">4.38.3 : “Now it was necessary that man
should in the first instance <b>be created</b>; and having been created, should
<b>receive growth</b>; and having received growth, should <b>be strengthened</b>;
and having been strengthened, should <b>abound</b>; and having abounded, should
<b>recover</b> [from the disease of sin]; and having recovered, should <b>be
glorified</b>; and being glorified, should<b> see his Lord</b>. For God is He
who is yet to be seen, and the beholding of God is productive of immortality,
but immortality renders one near unto God.” <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103438.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103438.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn32">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[32]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <i>AH, </i>4.39.2: “How, then, shall he <b>be a God</b>, who has
not as yet been <b>made a man</b>? Or how can he <b>be perfect</b> who was but<b>
lately created</b>? How, again, can he <b>be immortal</b>, who in his mortal
nature did <b>not obey his Maker</b>? For it must be that you, at the outset,
should hold the rank of a man, and <b>then afterwards partake of the glory of
God</b>.”<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
</div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Canlis p182-183. <i>AH</i>, 5.35.2: “And as he rises actually, so
also shall he be actually disciplined beforehand for incorruption, and shall go
forwards and flourish in the times of the kingdom, in order that <b>he may be
capable of receiving the glory of the Father</b>.” <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103535.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103535.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Canlis p182-183. <i>AH, </i>4.14.1: “In the beginning, therefore,
did God form Adam, not as if He stood in need of man, but that He might have
[some one] upon whom to<b> confer His benefits</b>…. (He) has both formed us,
and prepared us for this, that, when we are with Him, we <b>may partake of His
glory</b>. <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103414.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103414.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn35">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <i>AH,</i> 5.36.4: “His offspring, the First-begotten Word, should <b>descend
to the creature</b> (facturam), that is, to what had been moulded (plasma), and
that it should be contained by Him; and, on the other hand, the creature should<b>
contain the Word</b>, and <b>ascend to Him</b>, passing beyond the angels, and
be made after the image and likeness of God.” <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103536.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103536.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn36">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Canlis, p175-178.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <i>AH</i> 4.38.3: “The <b>Father planning</b> everything well and
giving His commands, the<b> Son carrying</b> these into execution and
performing the work of creating, and the<b> Spirit nourishing and
increasing</b> [what is made], but <b>man making progress </b>day by day,
and <b>ascending towards the perfect</b>, that
is, approximating to the uncreated One.” <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103438.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103438.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn38">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <i>AH</i> 5.36.2: “this is the gradation and arrangement of those
who are saved, and that they <b>advance through steps </b>of this nature; also
that they <b>ascend</b> through the <b>Spirit to the Son</b>, and through the <b>Son
to the Father</b>, and that in due time the Son will yield up His work to the
Father” <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103536.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103536.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref39" name="_ftn39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Denis Minns, <i>Irenaeus- An Introduction </i>(New York: T&T
Clark, 2010), p70.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref40" name="_ftn40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <i>AH</i> 4.38.1: “If, however, any one say, What then? Could not
God have exhibited man as perfect from beginning? let him know that, inasmuch
as God is indeed always the same and unbegotten as respects Himself, <b>all
things are possible to Him. But created things must be inferior to Him who
created them</b>, from the very fact of their later origin; for<b> it was not
possible for things recently created to have been uncreated</b>.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn41">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref41" name="_ftn41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[41]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <i>AH</i> 3.16.3: “the Son of God being made the Son of man, that
through Him we may receive the adoption,— <b>humanity sustaining</b>, and <b>receivin</b>g,
and <b>embracing the Son of God.</b>” <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103316.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103316.htm</a><i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
</div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref42" name="_ftn42" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[42]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">林榮洪,</span><span face="">《</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">基督教神學發展史:</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">初期教會</span><span face="">》</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(香港:中神,</span><span lang="">1990</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),頁</span><span lang="">211</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">~</span><span lang="">213</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><i><span lang="">AH </span></i><span lang="">3.19.1, 4.38.1-39.2, 4.14.1, 5.35.2. <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn43">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref43" name="_ftn43" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[43]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Canlis, p180, 184.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn44">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref44" name="_ftn44" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[44]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <i>AH </i>3.17.4: “the Son of God, the Only-begotten, who is also
the Word of the Father, <b>coming in the fullness of time</b>, having become
incarnate in man for the sake of man, and <b>fulfilling all the conditions of
human nature</b>, our Lord Jesus Christ <b>being one and the same</b>, as He
Himself the Lord does testify…”http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103317.htm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn45">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref45" name="_ftn45" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[45]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <i>AH </i>3.18.1: “when He became incarnate, and was made man, He
commenced afresh the long line of human beings, and furnished us, …, with
salvation; so that <b>what we had lost in Adam</b>— namely, to be according to <b>the
image and likeness of God</b>— that we <b>might recover in Christ Jesus</b>.” http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103318.htm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn46">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref46" name="_ftn46" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[46]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <i>AH </i>3.18.7: “God <b>recapitulated in Himself the ancient
formation of man</b>, that He might <b>kill sin</b>, <b>deprive death of its
power</b>, and <b>vivify man</b>; and therefore His works are true.” <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103318.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103318.htm</a><br />
<i> AH </i>3.21.10: “the Word, <b>recapitulating
Adam in Himself</b>…the very same formation should be summed up [<b>in Christ
as had existed in Adam</b>], the analogy having been preserved.” <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103321.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103321.htm</a><i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn47">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref47" name="_ftn47" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[47]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Canlis, p192-194. <i>AH </i>1.21.5, 2.30.7, 3.16.6. 4.12.4. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn48">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref48" name="_ftn48" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[48]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <i>AH</i> 4.14.2: “God formed man at the first, because of His
munificence; but <b>chose the patriarchs</b> for the sake of their salvation;
and<b> prepared a people beforehand</b>, teaching the headstrong to follow God;
and <b>raised up prophets</b> upon earth, <b>accustoming man to bear His Spirit
[within him]</b>, and to<b> hold communion with God</b>” <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103414.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103414.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn49">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref49" name="_ftn49" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[49]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Canlis, p198-199<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn50">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref50" name="_ftn50" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[50]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <i>AH</i> 3.24.1: “For this gift of God has been entrusted to the
Church, as breath was to the first created man, for this purpose, that all the
members receiving it may be vivified; and the [means of] communion with Christ
has been distributed throughout it, that is, <b>the Holy Spirit</b>, the
earnest of incorruption, the means of confirming our faith, and <b>the ladder
of ascent to God</b>.” <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103324.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103324.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref51" name="_ftn51" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[51]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Canlis, p210-212.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref52" name="_ftn52" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[52]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Canlis, p180.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref53" name="_ftn53" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[53]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <i>AH, </i>5.8.1, <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103508.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103508.htm</a>.
<br />
5.6.1. <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103506.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103506.htm</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn54">
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref54" name="_ftn54" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[54]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <i>AH</i>, 5.9.1-2. <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103509.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103509.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref55" name="_ftn55" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[55]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Julie Canlis, “Being made
human: the significance of creation for Irenaeus’ doctrine of participation” in
<i>Scottish Journal of Theology </i>(Vol 58, Issue04, Nov 2005)<i>, </i>p451. </span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref56" name="_ftn56" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[56]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Gerhar Kittel and Gerhard Friedrich,<i> Theological
Dictionary of the New Testament </i>(TDNT), Vol.V, Eerdmans, 1979, p150-153.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref57" name="_ftn57" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[57]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> John Behr, <i>Irenaeus of Lyons: Identifying Christianity</i>(Oxford:
2013), p145: “All these points (<i>AH
</i>1.10.3)… are rather, <b>as the concluding quotation from Paul indicates</b>,
openings into the mysteries of the wisdom and riches of God deployed in his
dealings with the human race,<b> the economy</b>.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref58" name="_ftn58" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[58]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Osborn</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">認為愛任紐的神學可總結為處理四個問題:(一)形像與樣式、(二)罪與墮落、(三)氣與靈、(四)肉體與靈,而這四個問題的解答都在於人有分於神(</span><span lang="">participation in God</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),這是諾斯底派異端教導所會抹殺的。(</span><span lang="">Osborn,
p230, 216</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref59" name="_ftn59" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[59]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Canlis, p5.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref60" name="_ftn60" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[60]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" lang=""> </span><i><span lang="">AH</span></i><span lang="">, </span><span lang="">3.24.2:
“they(Gnotics) have discovered another god beyond God, or another Pleroma, or <b>another
dispensation</b>.” </span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103324.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103324.htm</a></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref61" name="_ftn61" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[61]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> <i>AH. </i>3.Pref. <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103300.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103300.htm</a>.
3.16.8: “All, therefore, are outside of the [Christian] dispensation, who,
under pretext of knowledge, understand that<b> Jesus was one</b>, and <b>Christ
another</b>, and <b>the Only-begotten another</b>, from whom again is the Word,
and that <b>the Saviour is another.</b>” <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103316.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103316.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref62" name="_ftn62" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[62]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Julie Canlis, <i>Calvin’s Ladder</i>: “My intent is that<b>
Irenaeus’s vision (of ascending by participation) would draw attention to the
originality and continuity of Calvin’s own concept of participation</b>.”
(p22).<br />
“Peter declares that believers are called in this to <b>become partakers of the
divine nature</b>. How is this? It is because ‘he will be… glorified in all his
saints, and will be marveled at in all who have believed.’ If the Lord will
share his glory, power, and righteousness with the elect – nay, will <b>give
himself</b> <b>to be enjoyed by them</b> and , what is more excellent, will
somehow <b>make them to become one with himself</b>, let us remember that every
sort of happiness is included under this benefit. (John Calvin, <i>Institutes
of the Christian Religion</i>, III.25.10)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref63" name="_ftn63" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[63]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">諾門</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast;">‧</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">拉索,頁</span><span lang="">144</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref64" name="_ftn64" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[64]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">李氏的發表為:『</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">神成為人,為要使人在生命和性情上,但不在神格上,成為神。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">』(</span><span face="">《</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">歷代志生命讀經</span><span face="">》</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,第</span><span lang="">7</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">篇)</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/lifestudy/ot/read.asp?no=11-007">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/lifestudy/ot/read.asp?no=11-007</a></span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref65" name="_ftn65" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[65]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">李氏引用羅馬書八章,指出三一神的生命在信徒裡面的聖化過程,是從信徒的靈開始,然後到魂,最到體。(</span><span face="">《</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">羅馬書生命讀經</span><span face="">》</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,第</span><span lang="">62</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">篇)</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/lifestudy/read.asp?no=06-62">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/lifestudy/read.asp?no=06-62</a></span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。李氏這點與倪柝聲<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK166"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK165">相同:『當信徒與復活的主相<b>聯合</b>之後…<b>信徒的靈聯合在主的靈裏</b>…這樣的聯合,就叫信徒多得著主的生命和性情,而建造主在他裏面的<b>新造</b>。』</a></span><span face="" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">《</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">倪柝聲文集第二輯七冊,屬靈人(中冊)</span><span face="" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">》</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(台灣福音書房,</span><span lang="">1992</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年)</span><span lang="">http://www.lsmchinese.org/big5/07online_reading/nee/read.asp?no=1-13-02</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref66" name="_ftn66" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[66]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> John Behr, <i>Asceticism and Anthropology in Irenaeus and Clement </i>(UK:Oxford,
2000), 99-102.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref68" name="_ftn68" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[68]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Kathryn Tanner, <i>Christ the Key </i>(UK: Cambridge, 2010), p140-161.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref69" name="_ftn69" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[69]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Tanner, p196-206.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%20Theology/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E-%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AB%96%E3%80%81%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96/exam%20paper/THN103_12029_2014%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B82_%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6_v6.docx#_ftnref71" name="_ftn71" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[71]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">參</span><span face="">〈</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">慎防消費主義在教會蔓延</span><span face="">〉,</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">時代論壇第</span><span lang="">924</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">期,</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="">2005-05-15</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span lang=""><a href="http://christiantimes.org.hk/Common/Reader/News/ShowNews.jsp?Nid=29020&Pid=2&Version=924&Cid=2&Charset=big5_hkscs">http://christiantimes.org.hk/Common/Reader/News/ShowNews.jsp?Nid=29020&Pid=2&Version=924&Cid=2&Charset=big5_hkscs</a><br />
</span><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">朱易,</span><span face="">〈</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">當教會遇上「消費主義文化」</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">〉</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.efccc.org/ArticleDetail.aspx?DocID=3326">http://www.efccc.org/ArticleDetail.aspx?DocID=3326</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-32822789714142991392014-05-14T01:46:00.004-07:002020-08-30T16:16:31.160-07:00回應《人有『身體和靈魂』兩部份,還是有『體、靈、魂』三部份?》一文<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><div><span style="font-family: , serif;"> </span><span style="text-align: left;">湃 恩</span></div><div><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div></div>
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<span lang="">2014/1/23<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: large;">筆</span>者為一新晉神學生,拜讀完第</span><span lang="">1376</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">期</span><span face="">《</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">人有『身體和靈魂』兩部份,還是有『體、靈、魂』三部份?</span><span face="">》(</span><a href="http://christiantimes.org.hk/Common/Reader/News/ShowNews.jsp?Nid=81619&Pid=1&Version=0&Cid=145&Charset=big5_hkscs">http://christiantimes.org.hk/Common/Reader/News/ShowNews.jsp?Nid=81619&Pid=1&Version=0&Cid=145&Charset=big5_hkscs</a>) <span style="font-family: , serif;">一文後</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">(方便起見,下文簡稱此文為</span><span face="">《</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">人</span><span face="">》)</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">,筆者想對</span><span face="">《</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">人</span><span face="">》</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">的</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">作者在:<b>(一)三元論是某些希臘哲學思辯影響的產品</b>,<b>(二)『靈』和『魂』的希臘原文沒有分別</b>,兩點上作出回應:</span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(一)<b>三元論是某些希臘哲學思辯影響的產品</b></span></h4>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">筆者對</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast;">《人》的作者的說法很質疑:他</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">認為『</span><span face="">帖前五<span lang="">23</span>和來四<span lang="">12</span>『靈』和『魂』分開來說,可看為是作者為了使無論其收信者有否受到當時代之某些希臘哲學思辯的影響而認為人有體靈魂三部份</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">』。作者在《人》文中的說法實在過於含蓄。筆者認為若人論之三元論(人有『體、靈、魂』三部份,</span><span lang="">Trichotomism</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)真的是『某些希臘哲學思辯影響的產品』,作者應當明言之。但眾所周知,初期影響基督教發展最大的希臘哲學家莫過柏拉圖。所以,筆者估計作者是想暗指三元論是源自柏拉圖哲學。若然的話,筆者要引文指出這觀點恰好相反—許多學者認為,實情是二元論,而不是三元論,才是柏拉圖主義的產品,進而演化出早期教會的大異端之一諾斯底主義(</span><span lang="">Gnosticism</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">):</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)楊慶球,中國神學研究院神學科教授,在《基礎系統神學》中指出,『</span><span face="">二元論是繼承希臘二元思想,認為人是由物質與非物質(即身體與靈魂)兩部分所組成。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">』</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E5%85%A9%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%8C%E9%82%84%E6%98%AF%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E9%AB%94%E3%80%81%E9%9D%88%E3%80%81%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%80%E6%96%87_v5.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)張育典在《柏拉圖的靈魂觀》一文中,先承認『</span><span face="">柏拉圖的思想在當時產生一些流派,如諾斯底主義(<span lang="">Gnosticism</span>)基督教、其他宗教、希臘哲學之大全,造成極大聲勢。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">』</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E5%85%A9%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%8C%E9%82%84%E6%98%AF%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E9%AB%94%E3%80%81%E9%9D%88%E3%80%81%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%80%E6%96%87_v5.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">接著又說,『</span><span face="">柏拉圖主義對基督教會影響最大的,非二元主義莫屬。在此一思想體系之影響下,兩千年來教會中流行一種心態:將人分為靈魂、肉體二部,高舉靈魂、鄙棄屬物質之肉體。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">』</span> <a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E5%85%A9%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%8C%E9%82%84%E6%98%AF%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E9%AB%94%E3%80%81%E9%9D%88%E3%80%81%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%80%E6%96%87_v5.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)陳俊偉在《基督教靈魂觀概論》一文中則說,『</span><span face="">因為二元論與柏拉圖主義有著不可分的關係,所以有一些近代神學家斷然拒絕二元說。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">』</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E5%85%A9%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%8C%E9%82%84%E6%98%AF%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E9%AB%94%E3%80%81%E9%9D%88%E3%80%81%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%80%E6%96%87_v5.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="">4</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)巴西聖保羅大學的</span><span lang="">Jean Lauand</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在他的《阿奎那人論的基本觀念(</span><span lang="">Basic Concepts of Aquinas's Anthropology</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)》一文中說到,『</span><span face="">柏拉圖式的屬靈觀是一種針對『甚麼是人?』這個主要問題的極端二元假設。柏拉圖將靈魂與物質並列為兩個實際的存有,它們是不相關的,在人裏面以鬆散的方式聯結在一起。根據柏拉圖的這觀點,人主要是有靈魂和身體所構成的,就像是靈魂的監獄一樣。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">』</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E5%85%A9%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%8C%E9%82%84%E6%98%AF%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E9%AB%94%E3%80%81%E9%9D%88%E3%80%81%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%80%E6%96%87_v5.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">筆者已引文指出<b>(一)是二元論,而不是三元論,才是柏拉圖主義的產品,進而演化出諾斯底主義</b>;<b>(二)</b></span><b><span style="font-family: , serif;">近代有些神學家就是因為反對柏拉圖主義而斷然拒絕二元論</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">《人》的作者在文中指『人有體靈魂三部份』是受『某些希臘哲學思辯影響的產品』,筆者請問作者是受哪些『希臘哲學思辯影響』?有何考據?</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(二)<b>『靈』和『魂』的希臘原文沒有分別</b></span></h4>
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<b><span lang=""> </span></b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">《人》文作者認為『靈』和『魂』的希臘原文沒有分別,及『傾向認為帖前五</span><span lang="">23</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">和來四</span><span lang="">12</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">之把『靈』與『魂』分開來說,可以只看為是作者偶爾用上的一種修辭表達方式。』筆者為希臘文的初學者,不知作者的希臘文水平如何,是否能及得上以希臘文為母語寫作的教會教父們和改教家們。筆者稍微查閱過他們對帖前五</span><span lang="">23</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">節經文的見解,發現不少都是三元論者,引錄部分如下:</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="">1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)<b>愛任紐(</b></span><b><span lang="">Irenaeus</span></b><b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">AD130-202</span></b><b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span></b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">—早期基督教的護教學家,正統基督教的奠基者,據信是使徒約翰的弟子坡旅甲的門徒。以下節錄愛任紐在</span><span face="">《</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">反異端(</span><span lang="">Against Heresy</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span face="">》</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,第五冊第六章,引帖前五</span><span lang="">23</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">節表達他對人論的看法:</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『</span><span face="">〔譯者註:愛氏如今說人具有靈,魂,和肉體三個部分。他在前面似乎只說有魂與肉體兩部分,而將人的靈看為神的靈。〕身體,魂,與靈,個別來說,都不是人;因為第一個只是人的身體,所以只算一部分;第二個只是人的魂,所以只算一部分;第三個是人的靈,而不是全人。三者結合起來,才成為一個完全人。〔譯者註:愛氏引證帖前五<span lang="">23</span>,說明那保守靈、魂、身子全然無可指摘的,才是完全人。〕</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">』</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E5%85%A9%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%8C%E9%82%84%E6%98%AF%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E9%AB%94%E3%80%81%E9%9D%88%E3%80%81%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%80%E6%96%87_v5.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『</span><span face="">完整的人包含肉體,魂,和靈三部分。三者中維持並塑造人者,乃是靈;此與另一者聯結成形,乃是肉體;介乎靈與肉體之間者為魂;它有時隨從靈,而為靈所提高,但有時體貼肉體,而墮落於肉身的情慾。所以,凡沒有那拯救而形成生命之靈的人,就被稱為『血肉之人』因為他們裡面沒有神的靈。所以這些人被主稱為『死人』。他說<span lang="">:</span>『讓死人埋葬他們的死人』(路九<span lang="">60</span>),因為他們沒有那叫人活的靈。<span lang="">2. </span>反之,凡是敬畏神,又相信他的兒子降世,因信有神的靈在心裡的人,乃得稱為清潔、屬靈、向神活著的人,因為他們有父的靈,這靈潔淨人,並將人提高到神的生命。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">』</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E5%85%A9%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%8C%E9%82%84%E6%98%AF%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E9%AB%94%E3%80%81%E9%9D%88%E3%80%81%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%80%E6%96%87_v5.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast;">《人》</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">作者認為『「靈」和「魂」分開來說,可看為是作者為了使無論其收信者有否受到當時代之某些希臘哲學思辯的影響而認為人有體靈魂三部份。』但稍為讀過教會歷史的都知道,在第一世紀末與第二世紀,是諾斯底主義最猖行的教會早期時代。諾斯底主義雖有各種派系,如</span><span lang=""> Valentinus </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">與</span><span lang=""> Basilides </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">等,但都是建立在柏拉圖的觀念上。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E5%85%A9%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%8C%E9%82%84%E6%98%AF%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E9%AB%94%E3%80%81%E9%9D%88%E3%80%81%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%80%E6%96%87_v5.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">他們教義的特徵是『二元論』(</span><span lang="">dualism</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span> <span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">—宇宙有兩個神,彼此敵對,一善一惡。物質的是惡的,非物質的是善的。他們認為當人的靈魂離開物質的身體時,就進到『完滿』的境界,這就是人生的結局。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E5%85%A9%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%8C%E9%82%84%E6%98%AF%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E9%AB%94%E3%80%81%E9%9D%88%E3%80%81%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%80%E6%96%87_v5.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">愛任紐一生為正統信仰堅持,著作</span><span face="">《</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">反異端</span><span face="">》</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">一書特別批判受希臘哲學思辯影響的諾斯底主義。愛氏在上文</span><span face="">《</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">反異端</span><span face="">》</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast;">中清楚地引用帖前五<span lang="">23</span>佐證,『</span><span face="">完整的人包含肉體,魂,和靈三部分。』</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast;">『</span><span face="">三者結合起來,才成為一個完全人。』</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">請問</span><span face="">《</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">人</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast;">》作者,若是</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">人『靈魂體』的三分法是受到某些希臘哲學思辯的影響,愛任紐這抵抗受希臘哲學影響的諾斯底主義的偉大教父,難道他自己也是『諾斯底主義者』?</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="">2</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)以拉丁文寫作講道並將希臘文和拉丁文聖經翻譯為德文聖經的<b>馬丁路德(</b></span><b><span lang="">Martin Luther</span></b><b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span></b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,在對路加福音一</span><span lang="">46</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的解經中說到:『</span><span face="">讓筆者們按次序看看這些字的意思。第一個是『魂』(和合本譯『心』)。聖經將人分為三部分,如保羅在帖前五<span lang="">23</span>所說的。…人的本質包括三部分—靈、魂、體。第一部分—靈—是人最高,最深入,及最尊貴的部分。人藉著它可以明白那些不能理解、不能看見,永恆不變的事。簡單來說,靈就是信心及神語話的居所。『魂』的本質只能理解那些人理性可以知道及明白的那些事。事實上,理性是這個居所的光,除非『靈』—一個更大的信心之光—管理這個理性的光,它就必然出錯,因為它在處理屬靈的事上是軟弱無力的。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">』</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E5%85%A9%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%8C%E9%82%84%E6%98%AF%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E9%AB%94%E3%80%81%E9%9D%88%E3%80%81%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%80%E6%96%87_v5.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">看起來,還不只希臘文中有將『靈』與『魂』分開的傳統,連拉丁文,和德文都有將『靈』與『魂』分開的傳統。不知《人》文的作者能否為這個現象提出一個合理的解釋?看來三元論在二千年的教會歷史中,不但未曾遭受到像今日華人基督教界盲目式的批判,甚至還一直被許多正統教父與神學家所擁護。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="">3</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)<b>約翰加爾文(</b></span><b><span lang="">John Calvin</span></b><b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span></b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">—改革宗的創始人。他在其解經集(</span><span lang="">commentary</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)裏,有以下對帖前五</span><span lang="">23</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的解釋的節錄:</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『</span><span face="">然而,我們必須注意這個對於人構成部分(<span lang="">constituent parts</span>)的分別;因為在某些地方人被稱為只被身體(<span lang="">body</span>)和魂所構成,在這個情況下,魂(<span lang="">soul</span>)所指的是不朽的靈(<span lang="">spirit</span>),住在身體中,如同居住在其中一樣。而魂(<span lang="">soul</span>)有兩個主要的器官(<span lang="">faculties</span>)—理解(<span lang="">understanding</span>)和意志(<span lang="">will</span>)—聖經的某些地方,為了要表明魂(<span lang="">soul</span>)的能力和性質,習慣分開提及這兩件事物(譯者註:指前文『理解』和『意志』)。但若魂(<span lang="">soul</span>)這個詞被賦予情感(<span lang="">affection</span>)之座位意義的時候,就代表它是與靈(<span lang="">spirit</span>)相對的部分(<span lang="">it is the part that is opposed
to the spirit.</span>)。故此,當我們由此發現,當使用靈(<span lang="">spirit</span>)的時候,它指的是理性(<span lang="">reason</span>)或理智(<span lang="">intelligence</span>),而使用魂(<span lang="">soul</span>)的時,指的是意志(<span lang="">will</span>)和一切的情感(<span lang="">affections</span>)。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">』(按:筆者譯自英文版,英文版見註腳)</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E5%85%A9%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%8C%E9%82%84%E6%98%AF%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E9%AB%94%E3%80%81%E9%9D%88%E3%80%81%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%80%E6%96%87_v5.docx#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast;">《人》</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">作者稱看不出『靈(</span><span lang="">spirit</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="EL">πνευμα</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span face="" style="mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">』和『魂</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="">psyche</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="EL">ψυχη</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)這兩字在聖經中的意思</span><span face="" style="mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">有甚麼分野</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span face="" style="mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">但</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">加爾文在這裏很清楚地解釋兩字的分野:『</span><span face="">當我們由此發現,當使用靈(<span lang="">spirit</span>)的時候,它知道是理性(<span lang="">reason</span>)或理智(<span lang="">intelligence</span>),在另一方面,使用魂(<span lang="">soul</span>)的是,指的是意志(<span lang="">will</span>)和一切的情感(<span lang="">affections</span>)</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">』。看起來,加爾文也非常的『三元論』﹗(雖然加爾文對與『靈』與『魂』的定義與《人》作者的認知不同。但是,加爾文將『靈』與『魂』分開的事實,卻無可否認的。)不知道《人》文的作者同意否?</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">總結</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在傳統系統神學中,人論中的二元論和三元論之間,確實存在爭議。但是,在批判對方的觀點之時,作為神學人,筆者認為應當先提高自己的標準,要求自己對於本身傳統,以及對方傳統的內涵,歷史,來龍去脈先進行清楚,準確的研究,才再加以發表。如此,才能根除華人基督教界目前對與不同教義立場人士,所產生的,盲目的、錯誤的批判。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">筆者已就《人》的作者所謂(一)三元論是某些希臘哲學思辯影響的產品,(二)『靈』和『魂』的希臘原文沒有分別,兩點上作出了回應。甚願賜教。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E5%85%A9%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%8C%E9%82%84%E6%98%AF%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E9%AB%94%E3%80%81%E9%9D%88%E3%80%81%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%80%E6%96%87_v5.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">楊慶球,《基礎系統神學》,中國基督教兩會出版,</span><span lang="">92</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">頁。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E5%85%A9%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%8C%E9%82%84%E6%98%AF%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E9%AB%94%E3%80%81%E9%9D%88%E3%80%81%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%80%E6%96%87_v5.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">張育典,柏拉圖的靈魂觀,《靈魂面面觀》,陳俊偉編,臺福傳播中心,</span><span lang="">110</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">頁。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E5%85%A9%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%8C%E9%82%84%E6%98%AF%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E9%AB%94%E3%80%81%E9%9D%88%E3%80%81%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%80%E6%96%87_v5.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同上書,</span><span lang="">111</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">頁。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E5%85%A9%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%8C%E9%82%84%E6%98%AF%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E9%AB%94%E3%80%81%E9%9D%88%E3%80%81%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%80%E6%96%87_v5.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同上書,</span><span lang="">274</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">頁。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E5%85%A9%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%8C%E9%82%84%E6%98%AF%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E9%AB%94%E3%80%81%E9%9D%88%E3%80%81%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%80%E6%96%87_v5.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK201"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK202"></a><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif;">‘</span><u><span face="" lang="" style="color: #196ad4; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">This
Platonic spiritualism is a radically dualistic assumption vis</span></u><u><span face="" lang="" style="color: #196ad4; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">─</span></u><u><span face="" lang="" style="color: #196ad4; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">a</span></u><u><span face="" lang="" style="color: #196ad4; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">─</span></u><u><span face="" lang="" style="color: #196ad4; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">vis
our main question</span></u><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif;">:</span><span face="" lang=""> “What is man?” Plato puts spirit and matter as two
juxtaposed realities</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span face="" lang=""> disjuncted</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span face="" lang=""> loosely and extrinsically connected in man</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif;">. </span><span face="" lang="">For man</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span face="" lang=""> according
to Plato</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span face="" lang=""> is primarily spirit </span><span face="">─</span><span face="" lang="">
and the body</span><span style="font-family: "simsun";">,</span><span face="" lang=""> according to this point of view</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif;">,</span><span face="" lang=""> is something like the prison of the spirit</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif;">’</span><span lang="" style="font-family: , serif;">, </span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.hottopos.com/mp2/aquinaspsy.htm" target="_blank"><span face="" style="color: #196ad4; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">http</span><span face="" style="color: #196ad4; mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">:</span><span face="" style="color: #196ad4; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">//www</span><span face="" style="color: #196ad4; mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">.</span><span face="" style="color: #196ad4; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Hottopos</span><span face="" style="color: #196ad4; mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">.</span><span face="" style="color: #196ad4; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">com/mp2/aquinaspsy</span><span face="" style="color: #196ad4; mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">.</span><span face="" style="color: #196ad4; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">htm</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "simsun";">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E5%85%A9%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%8C%E9%82%84%E6%98%AF%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E9%AB%94%E3%80%81%E9%9D%88%E3%80%81%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%80%E6%96%87_v5.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">愛任紐,</span><span face="">《</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">反異端(</span><span lang="">Against Heresy</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span face="">》</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">5.9.1</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span face="">《</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">基督教歷代名著集成—尼西亞前期教父選集</span><span face="">》</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,基督教文藝出版社,</span><span lang="">1998</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="">175</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">頁。參網上英文版:</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103509.htm">http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103509.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E5%85%A9%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%8C%E9%82%84%E6%98%AF%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E9%AB%94%E3%80%81%E9%9D%88%E3%80%81%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%80%E6%96%87_v5.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">凱利著,《早期基督教教義》,康來昌譯,</span><span lang="">(</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">台北:中華福音神學院,</span><span lang="">1984)</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,頁</span><span lang="">43</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E5%85%A9%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%8C%E9%82%84%E6%98%AF%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E9%AB%94%E3%80%81%E9%9D%88%E3%80%81%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%80%E6%96%87_v5.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Louis Berkhof, A History of Christian Doctrines, 47-49 </span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">;伯克富,《基督教教義史》,頁</span><span lang="">30-32</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。林慈信修。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E5%85%A9%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%8C%E9%82%84%E6%98%AF%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E9%AB%94%E3%80%81%E9%9D%88%E3%80%81%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%80%E6%96%87_v5.docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> Martin Luther, Luther's Works, ed., Jaroslar Pelikan (St. Louis:
Concordia, 1956), 21</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:</span><span lang="">303.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Dropbox/Public/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Works/DCP/%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E5%85%A9%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%8C%E9%82%84%E6%98%AF%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8C%E9%AB%94%E3%80%81%E9%9D%88%E3%80%81%E9%AD%82%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%80%E6%96%87_v5.docx#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">John Calvin,
COMMENTARIES ON THE EPISTLE OF PAUL TO THE PHILIPPIANS, COLOSSIANS, AND THESSALONIANS,
CHRISTIAN CLASSICS ETHEREAL LIBRARY, GRAND RAPIDS, MI, pp.277-278</span><span face="" style="font-size: 10pt;">。參網上英文版</span><span lang=""><a href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/calcom42.txt"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/calcom42.txt</span></a></span><span lang="" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-66472623608402001492014-05-11T09:30:00.002-07:002014-07-17T20:12:28.659-07:00美眾議員於國會公開肯定倪柝聲、李常受貢獻 <h2>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">—該將倪、李視為華人之光</span></h2>
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<span lang="EN-US">HON. JOSEPH R. PITTS OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">議長先生,四年前我所景仰的同仁新澤西州的</span><span lang="EN-US"> Chris Smith </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">先生曾於此廳發言,使二十世紀最偉大的基督徒之一─知名的華人聖經教師及教會創建者倪柝聲,得著應有的重視。今天,我要進而向倪柝聲最親密的同工李常受致敬,為倪氏動人的故事陳述更圓滿的續篇。倪、李二人自</span><span lang="EN-US"> 1932</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年起即在中國共事,孜孜不倦為主作工,直至</span><span lang="EN-US"> 1949 </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年毛澤東旗下共產黨紅軍佔領中國為止。今天,由於倪柝聲多部著述,如《正常的基督徒生活》,《坐、行、站》等,已成為基督教界經典之作,倪氏生平也堪稱廣為人知。倪於</span><span lang="EN-US"> 1972 </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年在中國勞改農場裡殉道,其感人的一生至此臻於最高境界。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">李常受的事蹟可謂同樣舉足輕重,儘管在西方較少為人所知。倪李二人在中國同工時,雖以倪為翹楚,但其後乃是李在倪的指示下,將他們為主所作之工帶出中國,而在海外發揚光大,甚至擴展及於華語世界之外。</span><span lang="EN-US">1949 </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年共產黨即將取得中國之際,倪柝聲力請李常受移居海外,好將工作帶至臺灣,甚而及於遠東各地。李常受臨危受命,此後的發展不僅證實倪氏眼光之獨到(倪不久即下監,二人職事所興起的教會也被迫轉往地下),也證明二人信息與職事向海外發展的潛力。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">李常受的職事旋即在臺灣勢如破竹,領成千上萬人歸向耶穌基督而得救,並開始以簡樸且合乎新約之教會的方式聚集,與在中國的弟兄們先前二十年內所作的一樣。今天在臺灣有兩百多處這樣的地方教會,信徒人數逾二十萬。同樣的故事也發生在遠東和大洋洲,在菲律賓、印尼、馬來西亞、新加坡、日本、香港、紐西蘭和澳洲等地均有教會興起。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">李常受的工作並未局限於亞洲。他於</span><span lang="EN-US"> 1962 </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年來到北美,在洛杉磯開始盡職並設立水流職事站,出版倪柝聲和李常受的著作,以英語及其他五十多種語言發行。李常受的著述繼續強調“基督作生命”,並強調神的心意是要在神子民合一的基礎上,而非種族或文化差異上,“建造祂的教會”。這正是他師承倪柝聲所學之道。自六○年代初起,地方教會在李氏的職事下,于北美、南美、歐洲和非洲皆有顯著擴展。目前在各大洲聚集者,共有超過四千處教會,信徒人數達四十萬,其中包括在俄國和俄語世界的兩百處教會和數千位信徒。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在中國大陸,儘管中國政府經常以嚴厲手段打壓且公開逼迫,“暗中”跟隨倪、李職事的信徒人數仍持續增加。證諸歷史,中國教會成員中,凡珍賞倪、李職事者,總是最受嚴厲的逼迫。成千信徒曾被囚,被打的更是無數,甚至殉道的也有許多。據估計,今天在中國,從倪、李職事得著屬靈滋養和供應的,有近兩百萬信徒,數千處地方教會。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">近日西方世界略聞,有兩個省份的基督信徒因持有聖經恢復本─一本由水流職事站和臺灣福音書房(李氏在臺灣所設之出版單位)出版的研讀本聖經,而遭監禁。今天,倪柝聲仍被標為“危險的反革命份子”,李常受也被官方列為“邪教頭目”。二人的著作在中國乃屬禁閱。不幸的是,倪柝聲死於中國的勞改農場,而不知其生平和職事對全世界有如此深遠的影響。同樣不幸的是,李常受於</span><span lang="EN-US">1997</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年離世,而他的名字和職事在其家鄉,竟仍遭受公然、惡意的污蔑。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">諷刺的是,中國雖然在社會許多方面於世界舞臺扮演重要角色,卻未能抓住此明顯的時機,進一步改善其國際社會間的聲譽。中國非但不該詆毀兩位忠信神僕的名聲,反該將倪、李視為華人之光;二人的資訊及其對群羊的帶領與政治無涉,其傑出的影響卻已超越華語世界。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">議長先生,我今日呼籲中國政府釋放所有因單純相信基督而被囚的人,並放棄那打壓和污蔑倪、李二人聲譽的全國性運動。他們二人實為那將救恩、赦罪與和平之道帶給我們之神的勇敢跟隨者,但願中國政府轉而與我們一同稱揚倪柝聲和李常受對全世界信徒所作的貢獻。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">This translation is not an official US
government translation or from Rep. Pitts’office<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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(摘自 美國國會記錄 <a href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?r113:1:./temp/~r113Am4TSW::">http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?r113:1:./temp/~r113Am4TSW::</a>)<br />
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相關: 《今日基督教報》報導 <a href="http://news.dhf.org.tw/News.aspx?cate=11&key=4506">http://news.dhf.org.tw/News.aspx?cate=11&key=4506</a></div>
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brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-52150188925189202092014-02-04T19:43:00.000-08:002014-07-17T21:06:01.714-07:00從末世論中千禧年觀,看信仰與公民社會的關係<div class="MsoNormal">
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<span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">環顧現今世代,不論香港、中國大陸,及全世界的社會,都滿了不公義。聖經形容這世代為「彎曲悖謬」的世代(腓二</span><span lang="EN-US">15</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。「悖謬」,直譯是彎翹不平,扭曲。今天社會上許多事情都被扭曲致不公義。因著人是照著神的形像造,而公義乃是神的屬性之一,故每個人內心也渴求真正的公義和和平。二十世紀政治哲學家羅爾斯(</span><span lang="EN-US">John Rawls</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)曾著《正義論》(</span><span lang="EN-US">A Theory of Justice</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),嘗試在</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">自由主義(</span><span lang="EN-US">liberalism</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)傳統下,以正義為核心,</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">尋求社會如何達致</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">平等的理念。</span><a href="file:///G:/Dropbox%20(Bkp%202013-09-06)/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Work/DCP/%E6%99%82%E4%BA%8B/%E5%BE%9E%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%83%E7%A6%A7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A7%80%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%92%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%8C%E7%9C%8B%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E8%88%87%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82_v3.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">中國古哲孔子,也曾云「不患寡而患不均」,意即國家「不怕財富少,而怕財富的分配不合理」,指出追求公義或公平對社會穩定的重要性。<a href="file:///G:/Dropbox%20(Bkp%202013-09-06)/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Work/DCP/%E6%99%82%E4%BA%8B/%E5%BE%9E%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%83%E7%A6%A7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A7%80%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%92%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%8C%E7%9C%8B%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E8%88%87%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82_v3.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">對於信徒,聖經則應許將來有一個公義、和平、美好的國度會降臨(見賽十一</span><span lang="EN-US">1~16</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,太六</span><span lang="EN-US">10</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,羅十四</span><span lang="EN-US">17</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,弗一</span><span lang="EN-US">10</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,啟十一</span><span lang="EN-US">15</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,十二</span><span lang="EN-US">10</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,二一</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">等。)公義和公平是神的神聖性情兩個主要屬性,乃是神寶座的根基。(詩八九</span><span lang="EN-US">14</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)先知以賽亞書描繪這國度為滿了公義和和平:「公義必當祂的腰帶,信實必當祂脅下的帶子。豺狼必與綿羊羔同居,豹子日日必與山羊羔同臥;牛犢、少壯獅子並肥畜同群;小孩子要牽引牠們。牛必與熊同食;牠們的崽子必一同躺臥;獅子必喫草與牛一樣。…因為對耶和華的認識充滿遍地,好像水充滿洋海一般。」然而,「上帝的國度」何時及如何(包括有形的還是無形的)降臨?不同聖經讀者對此各有不同看法,簡要可分為四種:(一)歷史性前千禧年觀</span><span lang="EN-US">(Historic Premillennialism)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、(二)時代性前千禧年觀</span><span lang="EN-US">(Dispensational
Premillennialism)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、(三)後千禧年觀</span><span lang="EN-US">(Postmillennialism)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">及(四)無千禧年觀</span><span lang="EN-US">(Amillennialism)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">或已實現千禧年觀</span><span lang="EN-US">(Fulfilled-millennialism)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">簡言之,前千禧年派認</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">為</span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">基督會在千禧年來臨前再來;後千禧年派則認爲基督會在千禧年結束時再來;無千禧年派則認爲基督已經來臨,在人的心中建立了神的國度</span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: 細明體; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體;">。前後派均認為千年國是</span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">實質地出現在地上,而無千禧派則認為</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">只是象徵性的。由此不同千禧年觀,各派在人性觀(性善或性惡)、</span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">末世觀、教會觀和政治觀</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(積極參與或抗拒)</span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">等的立場也相應有所不同</span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: 細明體; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體;">。</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">抱前千禧年派者,多</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">對人性的理解較負面,他們相信人的敗壞在此世是更改不了的,人無可能在地上建立天國或者千年國。千年國必須由神、耶穌基督自己親自建立。</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 細明體; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體;">而後千禧年派或無千禧年派者,則多對普世人性存較正面看法,教會帶領世人在地上實現天國是有可能的,故他們也最主張社會關懷和改革社會。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">不同的聖經學者、神學家和教會領袖,在末世論千禧年的觀點上可迥然不同。</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 細明體; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體;">帶領地方教會運動的中國教會領袖</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">倪柝聲,是</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">筆者有興趣研究的對象之一</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">。眾所周知,倪氏受英國弟兄會時代論影響很大。在千禧年觀上,他基本上持時代論的看法及主張前千禧年派的觀點。他也對人能在地上憑自身的努力建立神的國度堅決否定。然而,他並未</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">有如批評前千禧年者,認為前千禧年論者</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">由於強調社會與人的敗壞和無能,會導致喪失社會關懷的傾向</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 細明體; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體;">。相反,倪氏將聖經中的人論、教會論、時代論、末世論等論,以「神永遠的定旨」整合並貫穿起來。他在肯定世界的敗壞、人的無望,及神國只能由耶穌基督親自實現的前提下,展示出一個以教會為主體,積極入世並肩負著「轉移時代」的使命:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: 細明體; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 細明體; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體;">『</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體;">我們深相信神在祂的『永遠旨意』裏,所急切要帶領進來的,就是這個國度。教會的蒙召就是為著國度。…教會是負責與神同工,將神的國度帶領進來的,同時,也知道神的國度是在末期之後纔有形有體的降臨。</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 細明體; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體;">』<a href="file:///G:/Dropbox%20(Bkp%202013-09-06)/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Work/DCP/%E6%99%82%E4%BA%8B/%E5%BE%9E%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%83%E7%A6%A7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A7%80%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%92%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%8C%E7%9C%8B%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E8%88%87%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82_v3.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: 細明體; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 細明體; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體;">倪氏認為,神國就是神的仇敵被征服,讓基督恢復掌權的範圍。這範圍首先是在信徒裏面,然後具體藉教會實現在地上,就是千年國的實現。這樣,時代就從「恩典時代」轉移到「國度的時代」,而教會就是神轉移時代並恢復祂在地上完全地掌權的憑藉。他說:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: 細明體; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: 細明體; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 細明體; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體;">「</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體;">神在這末了的世代裏所注重的是撒但的徙放,是祂兒子的凱旋。…時代的基督徒是今日所需要的。神要得著一班與祂同情的人,與祂同工,將這世代帶領到一個結束的時候,將神的國度帶領進來。……他們(基督徒)應當知道他們在世負有比救人更大的責任,就是將這世代帶領到一個結局,將神的國度帶領進來。他們最大的責任就是毀滅神的仇敵撒但,和一切黑暗的權勢。他們應當看見他們所作的工作,都必須以此為總目標纔可以。</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 細明體; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體;">」
<a href="file:///G:/Dropbox%20(Bkp%202013-09-06)/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Work/DCP/%E6%99%82%E4%BA%8B/%E5%BE%9E%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%83%E7%A6%A7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A7%80%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%92%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%8C%E7%9C%8B%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E8%88%87%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82_v3.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: 細明體; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 細明體; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體;">換言之,從倪氏的千禧年觀可看見,一面他認同世人在社會改造上的無能為力的,另一面他強調信徒入世的態度、擔當教會讓基督掌權的見證和「轉移時代」的使命。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">簡而言之,千禧年觀念是在《聖經》中很重要的一個觀念,而信徒對千禧年的理解對他們的世界觀、人性觀、政治觀等有密切關係和影響。由於不同的千禧年觀會導致了不同的基督徒社會觀,不同程度的政治參與,甚至導致不同的教派。當我們重新探討信仰與公民社會關係時,除了討論聖經是否確實有「順服地上當權者」(羅十三)的命令外,筆者認為討論聖經中啟示一個怎樣的末世論千禧年觀,也是一個不得不考慮的關鍵因素。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Dispensationalism</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:時代論神學的發展</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://seminary-students.blogspot.hk/2011/06/blog-post_15.html">http://seminary-students.blogspot.hk/2011/06/blog-post_15.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">五旬節信仰的迴聲</span> <span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">後千禧年派</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.wretch.cc/blog/haggai/11266705">http://www.wretch.cc/blog/haggai/11266705</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///G:/Dropbox%20(Bkp%202013-09-06)/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Work/DCP/%E6%99%82%E4%BA%8B/%E5%BE%9E%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%83%E7%A6%A7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A7%80%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%92%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%8C%E7%9C%8B%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E8%88%87%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82_v3.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">參</span><span style="background: white; color: #444444; font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">《公民抗命與佔領中環</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #444444; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">──</span><span style="background: white; color: #444444; font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">香港</span><em><span style="background: white; color: #dd4b39; font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">基督徒</span></em><span style="background: white; color: #444444; font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的信仰省思</span><span style="background: white; color: #444444; font-family: 細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">》,台灣雅歌出版社、《時代論壇》、香港教會更新運動合作出版,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #444444; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體;">2013</span><span style="background: white; color: #444444; font-family: 細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///G:/Dropbox%20(Bkp%202013-09-06)/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Work/DCP/%E6%99%82%E4%BA%8B/%E5%BE%9E%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%83%E7%A6%A7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A7%80%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%92%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%8C%E7%9C%8B%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E8%88%87%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82_v3.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> John Rawls</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="EN-US">1921</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">~</span><span lang="EN-US">2002</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span> <span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,美國哈佛大學哲學系教授,他所著《</span><span lang="EN-US">A Theory of Justice</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">》一書已成當代最重要的政治哲學經典著作之一。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///G:/Dropbox%20(Bkp%202013-09-06)/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Work/DCP/%E6%99%82%E4%BA%8B/%E5%BE%9E%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%83%E7%A6%A7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A7%80%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%92%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%8C%E7%9C%8B%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E8%88%87%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82_v3.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">《</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">論語‧季氏</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">》</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">第十</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 細明體;">六篇</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:「丘也聞有國有家者,不患寡而患不均,不患貧而患不安。」</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///G:/Dropbox%20(Bkp%202013-09-06)/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Work/DCP/%E6%99%82%E4%BA%8B/%E5%BE%9E%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%83%E7%A6%A7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A7%80%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%92%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%8C%E7%9C%8B%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E8%88%87%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82_v3.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">倪柝聲,<i>《倪柝聲文集》,第一輯,第八冊,復興報第一期</i>,臺灣福音書房。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-44538739068371482192013-10-13T20:54:00.003-07:002020-08-30T16:17:37.419-07:00《檔案材料中的倪柝聲形象》講座會後感<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">湃 恩</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"> 香港中文大學崇基學院宗教與中國社會研究中心與中國基督教史學會,於二零一三年九月二十四日,在香港中文大學崇基學院合辦了題為《檔案材料中的倪柝聲形象》的講座。由福建師範大學中國基督教研究中心常務副主任郭榮剛先生主講,香港中文大學崇基學院宗教與中國社會研究中心副主任邢福增教授回應。筆者有幸參加,並從講者及與會者身上獲益不少。</span><br />
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<span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">倪柝聲先生,作為中國基督教最重要之一,且具有世界性影響力的一位領袖,對於其生平與神學思想,中外學者們已進行許多研究,且已形成基本印象。然對倪氏於教會事工之外的一段營商時期,歷來因缺乏史料,故鮮有研究。講者郭先生在查閱國內現已開放之檔案的基礎上,以『檔案材料中的倪柝聲形象』,試圖為倪氏補描出一完整形像。</span><br />
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<span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">倪柝聲於</span><span lang="">1922</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年得救起,即全時間事奉主。他的職事,可見於其個人見證,乃在於引導信徒經歷基督作生命,為著建造教會,並按照聖經榜樣實行教會生活。</span><a href="file:///G:/Dropbox%20(Bkp%202013-09-06)/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Work/DCP/%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%80%AA%E6%9F%9D%E8%81%B2%E5%BD%A2%E5%83%8F/%E3%80%8A%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%80%AA%E6%9F%9D%E8%81%B2%E5%BD%A2%E8%B1%A1%E3%80%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%AC%9B%E5%BA%A7%E6%9C%83%E5%BE%8C%E6%84%9F_V3.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> 1937</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">年起,因爆發中日戰爭,各地信徒避難流離,致各地教會面臨嚴重的經濟問題。</span><a href="file:///G:/Dropbox%20(Bkp%202013-09-06)/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Work/DCP/%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%80%AA%E6%9F%9D%E8%81%B2%E5%BD%A2%E5%83%8F/%E3%80%8A%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%80%AA%E6%9F%9D%E8%81%B2%E5%BD%A2%E8%B1%A1%E3%80%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%AC%9B%E5%BA%A7%E6%9C%83%E5%BE%8C%E6%84%9F_V3.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><a href="file:///G:/Dropbox%20(Bkp%202013-09-06)/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Work/DCP/%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%80%AA%E6%9F%9D%E8%81%B2%E5%BD%A2%E5%83%8F/%E3%80%8A%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%80%AA%E6%9F%9D%E8%81%B2%E5%BD%A2%E8%B1%A1%E3%80%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%AC%9B%E5%BA%A7%E6%9C%83%E5%BE%8C%E6%84%9F_V3.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">故倪氏同年於上海辦生化藥廠,由他曾修化學胞弟倪懷祖任廠長,將利潤補於教會及同工生活之用。自此,倪氏在其教會事工外,一邊幫忙打理藥廠事業。然而,此事漸引起上海教會內的非議。此事愈演愈烈,致倪氏於1942年起無法公開盡職,達六年之久。至1948年,藉李常受恢復其職事。1949年,政局更迭後,其生化藥廠仍繼續運作。1952年,倪柝聲被捕。1972年,倪氏於監獄中去世。
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<span lang=""> </span>鑑於歷史及政治緣故,對於倪氏於經營生化藥廠時期及這方面的歷史,歷年來多屬流言揣測,缺乏可信史料,鮮有學者在這方面進行可靠研究。近年,部分一手史料在國內得公開,講者</div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在所得之檔案材料上,對倪氏進行深入探究。所得結果有四:(一)倪氏家庭,包括其父母,一直熱於參與政治;(二)倪氏辦生化藥廠,全然是要供給教會;(三)由於辦生意,倪氏與政治(國共兩黨)人物一直保持密</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">切往來(藥廠主要生產軍用藥物),然而,沒有證據顯示倪氏本人參與任何政治運動;(四)大陸政局變化後,倪氏對政府態度,一直非常順從,具愛國情操,也不怕被誣衊罪名,並非如一些外界過去所視為</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">『抵抗英雄』</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">講者總結其研究指出,今天我們從原始檔案可認識倪氏其較真實人性的一面,他非一完美的『屬靈人』或『殉道者』:在教會事工外,他會與政治人士交往;對於經營生意,他也是因材而用的;面對新政權,他也會有擔憂和懼怕的時候,也是非常順從。講者認為材料展示出倪氏實乃為一『正常』人,有其非常富有人性的一面。他認為倪氏著作</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">《</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">主工人的性格</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">》一書中提出主工人的品格特點,</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">倪氏</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">不僅應用於所有為主作工之人身上,他本人也活他所說的</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。最後,講者補充,是次研究,為根據現存最多所得檔案材料。還有許多官方原始史料,尚未能完全公開。將來若有朝能公開,還有待學者繼續考究。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">邢教授在回應中指出,一般古人對一個歷史人物的評價標準為三不朽:(一)立德,(二)立功,(三)立言。雖然仍有不少人對倪氏形像有爭議,但根據檔案材料中的補描出倪柝聲形像,總括來說,倪氏仍算是中國基督教史上少有的一個可以達到『三不朽』的人物。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">經此座談會,筆者覺得倪柝聲先生雖已離世超過四十年,但聖靈在信心裏,藉著他的所言和所行仍舊向人說話,激勵、幫助和供應今天許多神的兒女們。確為:『儆夫雖去,柝聲仍鳴。』會後,有兩節聖言在筆者裏面泛起:『但你所學習、所確信的,要活在其中,因為知道你是跟誰學的。』(提後三</span><span lang="">14</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。)及『要記念那些帶領你們,對你們講過神話語的人,要效法他們的信心,留心看他們為人的結局。』(來十三</span><span lang="">7</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">。)</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang=""></span><a href="file:///G:/Dropbox%20(Bkp%202013-09-06)/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Work/DCP/%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%80%AA%E6%9F%9D%E8%81%B2%E5%BD%A2%E5%83%8F/%E3%80%8A%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%80%AA%E6%9F%9D%E8%81%B2%E5%BD%A2%E8%B1%A1%E3%80%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%AC%9B%E5%BA%A7%E6%9C%83%E5%BE%8C%E6%84%9F_V3.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[1] </span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: , serif;">倪柝聲著,<i>《倪柝聲弟兄三次公開的見證》</i>,臺灣福音書房,第二篇</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><a href="file:///G:/Dropbox%20(Bkp%202013-09-06)/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Work/DCP/%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%80%AA%E6%9F%9D%E8%81%B2%E5%BD%A2%E5%83%8F/%E3%80%8A%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%80%AA%E6%9F%9D%E8%81%B2%E5%BD%A2%E8%B1%A1%E3%80%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%AC%9B%E5%BA%A7%E6%9C%83%E5%BE%8C%E6%84%9F_V3.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">金彌耳著,戴致進譯,<i>《中流砥柱-倪柝聲傳》</i>,中國主日學協會,第十四章</span> <span style="font-family: , serif;">引退</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><a href="file:///G:/Dropbox%20(Bkp%202013-09-06)/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%20Literature%20Work/DCP/%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%80%AA%E6%9F%9D%E8%81%B2%E5%BD%A2%E5%83%8F/%E3%80%8A%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%80%AA%E6%9F%9D%E8%81%B2%E5%BD%A2%E8%B1%A1%E3%80%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%AC%9B%E5%BA%A7%E6%9C%83%E5%BE%8C%E6%84%9F_V3.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 10pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang=""> </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">李常受著,臺灣福音書房,<i>《歷史與啟示》</i>,第八章</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-57922546040093252252013-10-13T20:51:00.002-07:002020-08-30T16:17:20.075-07:00新書推介系列〈2〉:推介《倪柝聲的末世論教會觀》<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">湃 恩</span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> 近年來,不時聽見世人對於世界末日引起熱烈討論,有關末日題材的電影也多受注目,去年更有異端團體利用一些豫言傳說來鼓動宣傳其異端,真基督信徒</span><span face="">對</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">世界的局勢發展、基督的再臨、以及教會的責任</span><span face="">也</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">越趨注意。作為活在末世、基督復臨臨近時代之基督徒,實需認識</span><span face="">現今處於末世時之教會所負的責任。</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">筆者最近讀畢彭淑卿所著《倪柝聲的末世論教會觀》(台灣基督教文藝出版社)一書,獲益良多。儘管不同教派的基督徒對倪氏神學思想各有爭辯,然而他們都不能否認,倪氏對華人神學的貢獻都是不能被忽略的。</span><span face="" lang="" style="mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> 本書以</span><span face="">『</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">倪柝聲的末世論</span><span face="">』</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">為主幹,深入淺出地介紹末世論如何影響著倪氏發展其教會觀的思想源流,並介紹倪氏的末世論教會觀中兩大支幹:</span><span face="">『</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">教會在末世時的定命</span><span face="">』,以及『末世的得勝者』</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">。故</span><span face="">『末世』、『教會』與『得勝者』可謂本書的鑰詞。</span><span face="" lang="" style="mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""> 本書作者指出倪氏的教會觀並非單一從末世觀所發展,因倪氏的神學思想,乃是環環相扣、互為表裏的,即倪氏的末世論影響其教會論,其教會論也體現於其末世論。然而,因篇幅所限,本書作者僅從倪氏的末世論來看他的教會觀,並指出末世思想是倪氏早年的思想,以及深切影響倪氏往後盡職的方式。</span><span face="" lang="" style="mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""> 本書第一章先說明『倪柝聲生存時代的背景及其神學思想發展歷程』;第二章探討倪氏的『末世論』;第三章和第四章則分別探討『教會在末世時的定命』及『末世的得勝者』。而關於先進學者對倪氏『教會觀』的評價,本書作者則分別融入第二至四章進行探討,並予以回應。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> 作者想在總結時指出,</span><span face="">『</span><span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">倪氏是末世論的角度,期許教會能在地上活出符合神旨意的生活,也就是能夠與神同工,好將神的國度帶回來。換言之,倪氏是在末世論的基礎上,發展了末世、教會和國度的關係,並且教會在末世時地位和角色的重要性。</span><span face="">』(見緒論。)這就是為何作者將本書書名定為『倪柝聲的末世論教會觀』。</span><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> 據筆者所認識,一般外界對倪氏的</span><span face="">『教會觀』多非全面,如僅限於『一地一會』的實行等,而一些先進學者在論述倪氏的教會觀時,所陳述的往往亦與倪氏原意有所出入,故而對倪氏『教會觀』欠缺全面、客觀、公允的評價。筆者認為藉由本書的論述,能使外界對倪氏的『教會觀』有更廣、更全面的認識,並對現今處末世時的教會起著省思的作用。誠如本書書介所言:『一般的神學作品多半將末世思想置於最後討論,倪氏的教會觀卻從啟示錄出發,提醒現今教會的職責…本書試圖從倪氏末世論的神學思想來研究其教會觀,以期供讀者另一種閱讀的視角。』</span><span face="" lang="" style="mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"> 此外,倪柝聲的親密同工李常受,他的教會觀也承接倪氏。故若要認識此兩位影響二十世紀中國本土基督徒及帶領地方教會運動的人物,此書不失為給信徒和神學生認識二人之教會觀的一本入門好書。</span>brianchiuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17384770689541544520noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7300363163767421288.post-10768494023205490452013-10-13T20:39:00.004-07:002020-08-30T16:17:06.825-07:00新書推介系列〈1〉:推介《基督的位格、神人二性:基督論要義導覽》一書<div class="MsoNormal">湃 恩</div><div class="MsoNormal">
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<span face="" style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 12.5pt;">筆者最近讀畢何文祺博士新作《基督的位格、神人二性:基督論要義導覽》(浸信會出版社)一書,獲益良多。何博士現於多</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7300363163767421288" name="_GoBack" style="font-size: 12.5pt;"></a><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: 12.5pt;">倫多天道神學院暨加拿大華人神學院,和多倫多浸會神學院暨加拿大恩福協會任教神學。書中何博士分別從聖經、尼西亞信經、迦克墩公式的正統信仰框架下,深入淺出、層次分明地闡述了基督的位格和神人二性的要義。</span><br />
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<span face="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">「基督論」所探討的是基督的位格與工作,其中在歷代教會歷史中,出現最多爭議的,首先是在「基督的神性」上,後來焦點轉移到「基督的人性」上。認識正統信仰對基督徒尤關緊要,因對基督所是和所作的認識是基督徒信仰的中心。沒有正確的認識,就沒有正確的基督徒信仰與生活。就神學而言,基督論也與神論、救恩論等重大神學課題有密切關係。在序中<st1:personname productid="楊慶球" w:st="on">楊慶球</st1:personname>博士認為作者在第三及第四章對基督的人性探討,尤其值得參考。</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;"> </span><span face="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">綜合全書,作者清晰而簡要地,臚列了聖經的啟示、教會歷史事件、正統的教義和各種異端思想,陳明了正統基督論乃是:耶穌基督是由童貞女馬利亞受聖靈感孕而生,帶有神人二性。祂同時是創造的神,也是受造的人。正如馬丁路德(</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Martin Luther, 1483-1546</span><span face="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">)在《關乎基督神性與人性的辯論(</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">DISPUTATION ON THE DIVINITY AND HUMANITY OF CHRIST</span><span face="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">)》中所說,「</span><span face="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">因這緣故,有人能大膽的說:『基督是受造之物』,因為明顯的,基督是被造的。」(<span lang="">13</span>)、「基督的人性就是一個受造物。</span><span face="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">」(</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">56</span><span face="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">),以及亞他那修(</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Athanasius, 297-373</span><span face="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">)在《尼西亞信經護文(</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">A DEFENCE
OF THE NICENE CREED</span><span face="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">)》所宣告:「</span><span face="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">說子是受造的也是正確的,因為這是指祂的成為人。因為受造是屬於人的……。道成肉身的目的乃是要為所有的人所獻(為祭),好叫我們,能有份與祂的靈,能夠成為神,這是一個除非藉由他穿上我們受造的身體,我們無法得到的恩典……。</span><span face="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">」總括而言,本書從聖經、古教父們、歷代大公教會及改教家們闡述了一致的正統基督論,行文深入淺出、結構層次分明,實在是給信徒和神學生認識正統基督論的一本入門好書。</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;"> </span><span face="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">近年有一種基督論正在神學界中傳播,說基督的位格中沒有受造的部分,並進一步教導基督人性並非受造。按本書作者所陳述,此「基督人性非受造」的基督論,都與聖經、古教父們、歷代大公教會及改教家們的正統基督論相左,實為真正的異端。</span><span face="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">筆者為一位年青基督徒及神學生,近來個人涉獵一點地方教會李常受的教導,發現李氏所教導的基督論,與本書作者所論歷代正統基督論完全相符。詳細內容可參考以下兩個網站:<br /><div style="text-indent: 0px;"><span face="" style="font-size: 12.5pt; text-indent: 12.5pt;">(一)《關於李常受的教導<span lang="">—</span>基督的身位》</span><span face="" style="font-size: 12.5pt; text-indent: 12.5pt;">(</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 12.5pt; text-indent: 12.5pt;">http://www.witnessleeteaching.com/truth/Christ_05.htm</span><span face="" style="font-size: 12.5pt; text-indent: 12.5pt;">),及</span></div></span></div>
<span face="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">(二)</span><span face="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">《</span><span face="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">駁「基督是受造首生者」</span><span face="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">》</span><span face="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">(</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">http://www.cftfc.com/response/tong_shou_lin_02.htm</span><span face="" style="font-size: 12.5pt;">)</span></div>
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